Q&A Hero

Q: In collectivist cultures, children learn that individuals are treated differently according to rank and/or situation. This practice is known as _________.

Q: An example of a culture that prioritizes the parenting goal of developing capacities for economic self-maintenance is the __________________ culture.

Q: The learned behavior, including the knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and traditions, that is characteristic of the social environment in which an individual grows up is called _________.

Q: Emphasizing obedience, respect, neatness, and staying out of trouble is characteristic of parents from the ______ socioeconomic class.

Q: A society in which those ruled have power equal to those who rule is considered a(n) _________.

Q: Researchers report that the abusive family a. is generally active in the community. b. is often isolated from the community. c. does not want the child. d. is not intelligent.

Q: Compared to other children, children with disabilities are a. at more risk of being abused. b. at less risk for being abused. c. equally likely to be abused. d. never abused.

Q: An example of a resilient factor as it applies to child maltreatment is a. a child's easy temperament. b. improvement in a family's financial status. c. neither a child's easy temperament nor improvement in a family's financial status. d. both a child's easy temperament and improvement in a family's financial status.

Q: Psychological abuse includes a. inconsistency. b. having unrealistic expectations. c. belittling (speaking of as if small or unimportant). d. all of these.

Q: Which of the following is an example of neglect? a. A child is not properly fed. b. A child does not get adequate medical attention. c. A child lacks supervision. d. All of these are examples of neglect.

Q: Any intentional harm to or endangerment of a child is called a. maltreatment. b. guidance. c. neglect. d. restriction.

Q: Guidance is to discipline as a. direction is to punishment. b. punishment is to demonstration. c. outputs are to inputs. d. harsh is to gentle.

Q: According to White (1971) and others, the mothers of competent children a. created a safe physical environment at home. b. did not provide interesting things for their children to manipulate. c. were not tolerant of messes or accidents. d. used distraction only if their children were over age 1 year.

Q: Which is the most commonly used parenting style? a. Authoritarian b. Authoritative c. Permissive d. Uninvolved

Q: Serena's attitude toward her children is "do what you want." She does not try to control them and places few demands on them. Serena would be classified as a. authoritarian. b. permissive. c. uninvolved. d. unregulated.

Q: A parent who is controlling yet flexible, demanding yet rational, and receptive to the child's communication is considered a. authoritarian. b. individualistic. c. authoritative. d. neglectful.

Q: According to Baumrind (1971), the parent who uses punitive disciplinary measures is a. authoritative. b. permissive. c. uncaring. d. authoritarian.

Q: Two-year-old Matthew bit his brother. In response, his mother bit him back. Which parenting style does this exhibit? a. Authoritative b. Uninvolved c. Permissive d. Authoritarian

Q: According to research, children of permissive parents tend to be a. independent and socially responsible. b. independent but not socially responsible. c. lacking in social responsibility and not very independent. d. lacking in empathy.

Q: Zussman (1980) found that parents preoccupied with completing a task were _________ responsive to their children than when not preoccupied with a task. a. more b. less c. equally d. intensely

Q: The first stage of Galinsky's model is a. image making. b. interpretive. c. trust vs. mistrust. d. sensorimotor.

Q: According to research, mothers provide which children with more attention, guidance, and discipline? a. The oldest child b. The second child in a family c. Boys d. The youngest child in a family

Q: According to your text, parents with large families tend to be a. permissive. b. individualistic. c. authoritarian. d. neglectful.

Q: Which of the following is a family characteristic that affects parenting practices? a. Family size b. Family configuration c. Parents' stage of life d. All of these

Q: Factors that will influence family dynamics and parenting styles when a child in the family has a disability include the a. nature of the disability. b. age of onset of the disability. c. severity of the disability. d. all of these.

Q: Which children adapt best to any of a number of styles of parenting? a. Easy b. Difficult c. Slow-to-warm-up d. Irregular

Q: Kelly has a child who is very active and distractible. Kelly has worked hard over the years to adjust her expectations to meet the needs of this child. Based on this information, one would say Kelly has worked hard to develop a. goodness of fit. b. rhythmicity. c. fixations. d. her child's ethnic awareness.

Q: Baby Carrie is adaptable and approachable; she shows positive mood and regularity in body function. When she reacts to a stimulus, her reaction is moderate or low in intensity. We would classify Carrie as which of the following? a. Easy b. Difficult c. Slow-to-warm-up d. Irregular

Q: Which of the following is not a dimension of temperament? a. Cuteness b. Intensity of reaction c. Threshold of responsiveness d. Quality of mood

Q: Researchers have found that although specific parenting practices change according to the age of the child, basic parenting styles _________ over time. a. remain quite stable b. change even more c. disappear d. cannot be determined

Q: Based on observations of children of all ages, Gesell concluded that a. children need structured learning environments. b. parents should not push their children, as growth occurs naturally. c. children do not need experiences to develop. d. children achieve most when pressured and pushed.

Q: Which of the following theories emphasizes observed behavior? a. Behaviorism b. Parent-centered c. Humanism d. Psychoanalytic

Q: Watson believed that a. behavior that is rewarded will get repeated. b. conditioning of the child must take place early in life. c. learning is a change in the way an individual responds to a particular situation. d. all of these.

Q: A system of beliefs concerned with the interests and ideals of humans rather than of the natural or spiritual world is a. humanism. b. tabula rasa. c. an idea proposed by Watson. d. behaviorism.

Q: During which era were children considered to be significant only if they contributed to their elders' welfare? a. 18th century b. 19th century c. Early 20th century d. Late 20th century

Q: A primary concern of social scientists is that recent trends, such as occupational mobility (the movement of individuals for job-related reasons), will a. isolate nuclear families from those who can help nurture and care for their children. b. increase employment opportunities for parents. c. increase the number of children in quality child care settings. d. increase the number of child labor laws.

Q: Which of the following does not characterize a group with a collectivist orientation? a. Emphasis on nonverbal communication b. Emphasis on group loyalty c. Social responsibility (sharing, helping) d. Emphasis on individual fulfillment

Q: Individual-oriented families believe the self is located within the a. individual. b. group. c. culture. d. authority figure.

Q: According to your text, which of the following is an example of a group that is likely to be collectivistic? a. Japanese-American families b. Middle-Eastern families c. Native-American families d. All of these

Q: Describe recent changes in sociopolitical, economic, and technological areas, and how these impact families and children.

Q: Dany and Mei have a functional family. Describe five characteristics from your text that help classify them as functional.

Q: Using the categories proposed in your text, compare and contrast a majority cultural orientation with a minority cultural orientation. Focus your discussion on differences and/or similarities in interpersonal, time, personality, and value traits as well as ideas about the relationship between individuals and nature.

Q: Mary is recently widowed and thinking about joining a church. Describe the kinds of things religion might provide for Mary.

Q: Describe how family interactions vary by socioeconomic status. Include in your discussion the difference between ascribed and achieved status, as well as differences in opportunity across socioeconomic groups.

Q: Provide an overview of stressors for children as they relate to the stepfamily experience.

Q: Compare and contrast the social roles of wife/mother with those of husband/father.

Q: Compare a preschooler's experience of divorce with that of an adolescent.

Q: Imagine you are called to testify in court on behalf of a child whose parents are petitioning for a divorce. You are asked to describe how divorce will affect the child. Based on your readings, report what you will say about the various factors that influence child outcomes in divorce.

Q: Describe how the economic support function of a family is different from the nurturance/emotional support function of a family. Write a persuasive argument detailing why one or the other is more important.

Q: Unemployment ____________ levels of parental stress.

Q: Personal reactions to real or imagined threats are an example of a(n) _________ stressor.

Q: Kathy has money and work issues that are beyond her ability to cope. Kathy's issues would be termed _________.

Q: A belief in individualism, thrift, self-sacrifice, efficiency, personal responsibility, and productivity characterizes the _________.

Q: The idea that parents' genes, rather than socioeconomic status, ultimately influence children's life experiences is called the _________ perspective.

Q: The financial resources the parent provides for the child's well-being are an example of _________ capital.

Q: Families that have inherited wealth are typically found in the _________ class.

Q: In _________ societies, behavior is often based on customs handed down from past generations.

Q: Education, occupation, and income are all examples of _________ status.

Q: One's rank or position within a society, based on social and economic factors, is called one's _________.

Q: Socioeconomic status, cultural orientation, and religious orientation are all examples of how Bronfenbrenner's concept of the ____________ can affect socialization.

Q: Many homosexual parents fear they will lose _________ if their sexual orientation is known to those outside the family.

Q: After ___________years, stepfamilies are as stable as married families of the same duration.

Q: Parents of children in interethnic families must enable their children to form a sense of _________________.

Q: The most common kind of kin custody is children being raised by _________.

Q: Joint _________ custody divides decision-making authority for the child between the divorcing parents.

Q: In Ken's family, the children are part of two homes and two family groups. Ken's family would be termed _________.

Q: About __________times as many children live with mothers as compared to fathers.

Q: Preschool-age children's ______________ was found to be affected by divorce.

Q: Most divorces occur within the first _________ years of first marriage.

Q: As a result of the growing prevalence of _______________, the number of children born to unmarried parents has also increased.

Q: The family ensures that the society's population will be maintained. This an example of the ___________ function of a family.

Q: _________ refers to a family in which both sides of the extended family are regarded as equal.

Q: A family in which the father has formal authority and power is termed _________.

Q: The type of family that includes relatives of the nuclear family who are economically and emotionally dependent on each other is the _________ family.

Q: The family that develops when an individual marries and has children is called the family of _________.

Q: Any two or more related people living in one household is called a(n) _________.

Q: Disease, overexertion, allergies, and abuse are examples of _________ stressors. a. physical b. sociocultural c. psychological d. religious

Q: Empowerment refers to a. enabling individuals to have control over resources affecting them. b. voting for one candidate over another. c. any demand that exceeds a person's ability to cope. d. taking control away from families.

Q: Economic changes such as downsizing and layoffs are likely to result in a. more parental affection to children. b. more effective disciplinary interactions between parents and children. c. increased parental stress. d. better overall family relations.

Q: According to Fontana (2003), religion influences socialization by a. motivating people to behave morally. b. offering techniques through which individuals can find psychological comfort. c. causing individuals to ponder life's purpose. d. all of these.