Q&A Hero

Q: Perceptions of reality fall into two categories: factuality and __________________________________.

Q: Cable and home video entered the media scene in the ______________.

Q: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is charged with consumer _________.

Q: In contrast to the radio, for example, computers, game consoles, and cell phones are considered to be _________ media.

Q: _________ refers to the form of communication in which large audiences quickly receive a given message via an impersonal medium between the sender and the receiver.

Q: Which of the following is not a positive way in which video games influence socialization? a. Games can provide an introduction to information technology. b. Games give practice in following directions. c. Games have clear lines between fantasy and reality. d. Games provide practice with fine motor skills.

Q: According to your text, who plays video games more often? a. Males play video games more often. b. Females play video games more often. c. Neither; males and females play video games with equal frequency. d. Neither; this variable has not been studied.

Q: All of the following are problems with Internet technology except a. appropriateness of content on some websites. b. piracy issues over illegal transferring of copyrighted material. c. the inability to "hack" into unauthorized material. d. viruses and worms that can destroy data.

Q: Jackson et al. (2006) found that low-income children who used the Internet more frequently had a. higher reading scores after 6 months. b. lower reading scores after 6 months. c. higher math skills 10 years later. d. better social skills than other children.

Q: Which of the following best describes the point of the Leu et al. (2005) study? a. Children are able to find websites. b. Children believe what they read on the web. c. Children prefer animal topics over human topics. d. Children prefer green and white as website colors.

Q: In the Leu et al. study (2005), most children thought the website for the Endangered Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus was a. cute. b. scientifically valid. c. hard to follow. d. slow to load (show on the screen).

Q: In the United States, how many children have access to computers at school? a. 5% b. 10% c. 50% d. Nearly all

Q: Children ages birth to 6 spend as much time with television, computers, and video games as they do a. in cooperative play. b. playing outside. c. in model-building play. d. in formal operational thought.

Q: The phenomenon in which an individual exposed to a suggestion will act on that suggestion is called a. contagion. b. reflection. c. cosmetic bias. d. stereotyping.

Q: In one study, college students who heard a violent song felt more _________ than those who heard a similar but nonviolent song. a. hostile b. relaxed c. confused d. numb

Q: Which form of media is considered to be the expression of the youth subculture? a. Magazines b. Books c. Movies d. Music

Q: The omission of feminine and ethnic group references, pronouns, and names is an example of a. name-calling. b. fragmentation and isolation. c. linguistic bias. d. cosmetic bias.

Q: Separating issues, information, and contributions of certain groups from main instructional materials rather than integrating them is an example of a. name-calling. b. fragmentation and isolation. c. linguistic bias. d. cosmetic bias.

Q: Biases one might find in a textbook include which of the following? a. Invisibility b. Stereotyping c. Fragmentation and isolation d. All of these

Q: Books and magazines tend to portray males as _________, whereas females are portrayed as _________. a. active; passive b. immobile; mobile c. passive; aggressive d. invisible; visible

Q: One key difference between books and magazines in relation to socialization is that magazines contain a. stories. b. advertisements. c. written language. d. page numbers.

Q: Print-based culture is still the primary basis for information about all of the following except a. education. b. religion. c. government. d. entertainment.

Q: Reading differs from other types of media influences in that a. literary language is more complex. b. reading requires a child to process information. c. reading requires a child to engage in fantasy. d. all of these.

Q: Action for Children's Television is an example of which of the following? a. Public interest group b. Law protecting children c. Legislative body d. Government agency

Q: One way that parents can mediate children's television viewing is by a. allowing children to choose their own shows. b. allowing unlimited access to the television. c. controlling the number of hours of television exposure. d. putting a TV in the child's bedroom.

Q: Wilson and Weiss (1993) found that co-viewing a television show with _________ increased preschoolers' enjoyment of a scary program. a. parents b. teachers c. older siblings d. a blanket

Q: Studies of television find that preschoolers show elevated attention to a. women. b. lively music. c. repetition. d. all of these.

Q: According to your text, which of the following is true? a. Family discussions of televised sexuality can help offset what teens see on television. b. A significant portion of adolescents' information about sexuality comes from prime-time television. c. Sex appeal and sexual activity are glamorized on television. d. All of these are correct.

Q: According to your text, when sexually suggestive bedroom scenes are shown on television, the couples in the scenes are typically a. married. b. unmarried. c. married or unmarriedboth types of couples are shown in equal frequency. d. none of these; couples are never shown in sexually suggestive bedroom scenes on television.

Q: The number of sexual scenes on television has _________ since 1998. a. nearly doubled b. nearly tripled c. increased five-fold d. remained the same

Q: Advertisers report that children start asking for brand names as early as age a. 2 b. 5 c. 8 d. 10

Q: Four-year-old Andrea was taken to the emergency room because she tried to fly off of her bunk bed like her favorite superhero. What accounts for this? a. Andrea has confused reality and fantasy. b. Andrea is playing out a gender stereotype. c. Andrea is cognitively delayed. d. Andrea was probably coerced by an older sibling.

Q: Neurological studies of children's brains indicate activity in which area(s) of the brain when children view violent television shows? a. Episodic memory b. Arousal c. Attention d. All of these

Q: After viewing violent scenes on television, young children are more willing to a. engage in altruistic acts. b. accept the aggressive behavior of other children. c. listen and talk to each other. d. all of these.

Q: The National Television Violence Study notes that television viewing poses which of the following risk(s) for viewers? a. Learning to behave more violently b. Becoming desensitized to violence c. Becoming fearful of being attacked d. All of these

Q: Violence on television is measured in terms of a. prevalence. b. rate. c. role. d. all of these.

Q: According to researchers, studies indicate that preschool children a. seem to understand that animated content on television is not real. b. haven"t yet begun to develop their imaginations. c. believe that all content on television is not real. d. do not imitate what they see on television.

Q: A child's risk of being overweight increases by _________ for every hour of television watched per day. a. Less than 1% b. 1% c. 6% d. 25%

Q: With what aspects of family interaction does television viewing potentially interfere? a. Communication b. Resolution of problems c. Development of relationships d. All of these

Q: Jose spends about 4 hours watching television while his mother and father are at work. How does this compare to the viewing habits of other children? a. Somewhat the same b. More than other children c. Less than other children d. More watch TV with their parents

Q: On average, how many hours per day do children spend in front of the television? a. 1"2 hours b. 3"5 hours c. 6"9 hours d. 12 or more hours

Q: Scott spends much of his time watching TV instead of studying and doing his homework. This is an example of the ____________________theory. a. social cognitive b. cultivation c. motivation d. displacement

Q: Which theory related to socialization believes that media content affects viewers' beliefs about the world and alters their behavior as a result? a. Social cognitive theory b. Cultivation theory c. Motivation theory d. Displacement theory

Q: Advances in television broadcasting have created changes in millions of U.S. families in a. sleep habits. b. conversation patterns. c. meal arrangements. d. all of these.

Q: The main emphasis of mass communication in the United States is on news.a. education.b. entertainment.c. information.d. news.

Q: Television and radio outlets make most of their profits a. from door-to-door sales. b. from advertising. c. by writing grants. d. by selling hard copies of news transcripts.

Q: The mass communication system in the United States is generally characterized by a. private ownership. b. lack of new technology. c. lack of regulation. d. Lack of media outlets, such as television stations.

Q: Which of the following characterizes trends in mass media systems over historical time? a. Rare to available b. Expensive to more affordable c. Fixed to more portable d. All of these

Q: Jalon's teacher read a book in which a monster emerged from under the bed. Since the book reading, Jalon has been afraid to go to sleep. This is an example of how a media message can _______ experience. a. change b. enhance c. interfere with d. all of these

Q: The mass media are _______________________of culture. a. shapers b. spreaders c. transformers d. all of these

Q: Newspapers, magazines, books, radio, and television are all examples of a. mass media. b. the macrosystem. c. the chronosystem. d. all of these.

Q: Imagine you work in an elementary school and have a child who is having difficulty making friends. Describe the types of things you could do to help the child succeed in social relationships with his peers, based on information found in the text.

Q: Compare and contrast the characteristics that make a child popular with peers with those that tend to lead to rejection.

Q: Based on Selman and Selman (1979), describe the stages in the development of friendship.

Q: Imagine you are working in a classroom with a group of children and one set of blocks. Describe the various ways in which the children could play with the blocks according to Parten (1932).

Q: Describe the influence of peers on the acquisition of knowledge about sex and sexuality.

Q: Using the concept of morality of cooperation, describe how a child might decide who gets to play on a kickball team at recess. Describe the difference between this and the morality of constraint.

Q: Compare and contrast the ways in which peers exert influence through reinforcement with the ways in which peers exert influence through punishment.

Q: Describe how social cognition changes over the childhood years.

Q: Describe how peer relationships differ between early (2"5 or 6 years) and middle childhood (6"12 or 13 years).

Q: Provide an overview of what peers contribute to the socialization process.

Q: _________ are organized interactions of children in competitive and/or cooperative team or individual enjoyable physical activities.

Q: When policies and activities are determined by group discussion, the group leader likely has a(n) _________ leadership style.

Q: Gangs are usually made up of _____ cultural group(s).

Q: Compared to non-gang members, gang members have _________ self-esteem.

Q: A group of people who form an allegiance for a common purpose and engage in unlawful or criminal activity is called a(n) _________.

Q: Play that involves fighting, wrestling, and/or chasing is called _________ play.

Q: Play in which the child touches, tastes, or manipulates without actually building something is called _________ play.

Q: Social interaction in a group that is organized and has a purpose is called _________ play.

Q: Tyler plays alone, but with toys like those that other children are using. Tyler's actions are called _________ play.

Q: __________________ support involves giving advice and information.

Q: The collective term for resources provided by others in times of need is _________.

Q: In adolescence, sexual _________________ is influenced by peers and the media.

Q: Behavior based on respect for persons in authority is considered morality of _________.

Q: Getting along with others is related to the ability to _______________.

Q: Friends who view themselves as mutually connected and doing things together are termed _________.

Q: Physical attack and disapproval from a peer group are examples of _________ reinforcers.

Q: The testing of assumptions against facts is called _________.

Q: Exhibiting too much faith in one's reasoning ability and cleverness is called _________.

Q: Theories about reality that are assumed to be true without examining or evaluating contradictory data are called _________.