Q&A Hero

Q: When children were placed together on interethnic teams to work on an interesting puzzle, and were rewarded for it, this was an attempt to provide the children with increased positive _________ contact.

Q: Television is a source of __________________ stereotypes.

Q: The second step in the development of prejudice is _________.

Q: Studies of young children show that those with the most prejudicial attitudes have parents who are __________________.

Q: The awareness of cultural differences, beginning about age 2 to 3 years, is _____ in the development of cultural-group attitudes.

Q: An attitude involving the application of a previously formed judgment to some person, object, or situation is called _________.

Q: The process of discovering what is personally worthwhile or desirable in life is known as _________.

Q: Equality of opportunity is an example of a(n) _________ value.

Q: Qualities or beliefs that are viewed as desirable or important are termed _________.

Q: Attending a school where the majority of children are of a different socioeconomic status is found to affect children's self-esteem in which direction? a. Positivelychildren show higher self-esteem. b. Negativelychildren show lower self-esteem. c. Neutraldoes not affect self-esteem d. None of these

Q: Endomorphy is characterized by _________, whereas ectomorphy is characterized by _________. a. tall and heavy; short and lean b. short and heavy; tall and lean c. short and lean; tall and lean d. values; traits

Q: Compared to children with low self-esteem, children with high self-esteem are more likely to a. be successful in school. b. conform. c. be younger. d. all of these.

Q: Nick frequently shows affection to his children, takes an interest in their affairs, and makes a point to become acquainted with their friends. We would expect Nick's children to develop what kind of self-esteem? a. High b. High c. Warm d. None of these

Q: Which of the following is not one of Coopersmith's four criteria upon which self-esteem develops? a. Significance b. Wealth c. Competence d. Virtue

Q: Most individuals come to respond to themselves in ways consistent with the way others have a. instructed them to. b. responded to them. c. mastered. d. all of these.

Q: Which of the following is characteristic of competent children? a. Using adults as a resource when necessary b. Having the ability to anticipate consequences c. Being able to plan and carry out complicated activities that are age appropriate d. All of these

Q: Mrs. Martinez is interested in fostering a sense of self-efficacy in her children. Which of the following is a strategy she should try? a. Take away all positive role models. b. Focus with the children on long-term rather than short-term goals. c. Stop giving the children encouragement. d. Provide instruction in specific learning strategies, such as highlighting their homework.

Q: Self-efficacy is assessed in terms of which of the following? a. Level b. Generality c. Strength across activities and contexts d. All of these

Q: The realization that one's actions cause outcomes is called a. personal agency. b. individualism. c. collectivism. d. self-esteem.

Q: According to Cain and Dweck (1995), children who are not persistent on a task describe their parents as a. critical. b. punitive. c. both critical and punitive. d. accepting.

Q: According to research, helplessness first appears in a. infancy. b. the preschool years. c. the elementary school years. d. adolescence.

Q: Compared to children with low expectations, children with high expectations for success a. persist at a task longer. b. perform more poorly. c. receive lower grades. d. receive similar grades.

Q: Adrienne believes that she is good in math because she does all of the homework and studies hard for all of the tests. Adrienne most likely has a. an internal locus of control. b. an external locus of control. c. low self-esteem. d. unrealistic expectations.

Q: Achievement motivation is linked to a. actual achievement behavior. b. locus of control. c. both actual achievement behavior and locus of control. d. none of these; achievement motivation is not linked to either.

Q: When one attributes responsibility inside the self, locus of control is considered which of the following? a. Internal b. External c. Achieved d. Selfless

Q: When one engages in an activity because of its inherent satisfaction or enjoyment, one is exhibiting what kind of achievement motivation? a. Extrinsic b. External c. External d. Intrinsic

Q: When children heard an interesting story about a sympathetic and resourceful African-American child, the aim was to provide them with a. vicarious intercultural contact. b. increased positive intercultural contact. c. exposure to books in general. d. perceptual differentiation.

Q: According to your text, a signs that says "adults only" is an example of a. gender discrimination. b. age discrimination. c. race discrimination. d. none of these.

Q: Which of the following can be found in picture books? a. Gender stereotypes b. Messages about morality c. Messages about race d. All of these

Q: One of the positive ways in which television can influence socialization is its a. perpetuation of stereotypes. b. potential to bring people to new levels of empathic understanding. c. potential to reduce family time. d. increasing portrayal of violence, as violence is common in daily life.

Q: Which of the following can influence the formation of attitudes? a. Peers b. Television and movies c. Books d. All of these

Q: Children's attitudes toward cultural groups can be influenced by a. associating the groups with positive words. b. associating the groups with negative words. c. remarks made by friends. d. all of these.

Q: Bigler, Brown, and Markell (2001) found that when children are given social comparisons, such as "the yellow group is more athletic," they a. ignore what adults tell them. b. ignore what teachers tell them. c. do not express prejudice. d. use the comparisons themselves.

Q: Typically, attitude is which step in the development of prejudice? a. The first b. The last c. The third d. None; attitude is not part of the developmental sequence leading to prejudice.

Q: Naming, labeling, and classifying people based on noticeable physical characteristics are all encompassed in which step in the development of prejudice? a. Awareness b. Identification c. Isolation d. Attitude

Q: Typically, the first step in the development of prejudice is a. awareness. b. identification. c. instruction. d. modeling.

Q: Children identify most with models who are a. weak. b. powerful and admirable. c. distant and unknown. d. absent.

Q: According to Aboud (1988), young children's prejudicial attitudes are due to a. cognitive immaturity. b. the desire to hurt others. c. preschool curricula. d. none of these.

Q: DeJohn has started forming attitudes about different cultural groups. DeJohn is about how many years old? a. 2 years b. 4 years c. 5 years d. 7 years

Q: The awareness that cultural differences exist is which phase in the development of cultural attitudes? a. Phase I b. Phase I c. Phase III d. Phase V

Q: The development of attitudes is influenced by a. age. b. cognitive development. c. social experiences. d. all of these.

Q: Insa believes that all Americans are overweight and obsessed with possessions. This is an example of a a. moral. b. value. c. self-concept. d. stereotype.

Q: Which of the following is true? a. Stereotypical attitudes usually include some way of believing something different about one member of a group. b. Stereotypical attitudes usually do not allow for any individual exceptions to the stereotype. c. Stereotypical attitudes usually do not categorize all members of a group. d. Stereotypical attitudes usually are not oversimplified.

Q: The process of discovering what is personally worthwhile or desirable in life is called a. values clarification. b. prejudice. c. cognitive conceit. d. stereotyping.

Q: The Bill of Rights is an example of a a. personal value. b. character trait. c. societal value. d. stereotype.

Q: Which of the following is true about values? a. They are outcomes of socialization. b. They can change over time. c. They are qualities or beliefs that are viewed as important. d. All of these are correct.

Q: Neighborhoods that include people of similar backgrounds are called _________.

Q: _________ refers to a sense of apathy that develops when people perceive that they have no control over events.

Q: _________ refers to the stability or mobility of people in a neighborhood, their homogeneity, and their heterogeneity.

Q: The number of people occupying a certain area of space is called _________.

Q: The community fulfills the need for companionship. This is an example of the _________ function of community.

Q: The five functions of a community are production, distribution, and consumption; socialization; social control; social participation; and _________.

Q: Which of the following is an example of an ongoing children's advocacy group? a. Child Welfare League of American (CWLA) b. Boys and Girls Club c. YMCA d. Child Protective Services

Q: A key factor preventing foster families from adopting their foster children is a. loss of federal monetary support if the foster child is adopted. b. private insurance companies are reluctant to cover preexisting conditions. c. loss of federal support for medical expenses if the foster child is adopted. d. all of these.

Q: The Women, Infants, and Children program provides a. federal funds for the purchase of vaccines. b. nutritious food to low-income and lactating women and children under age 4 who are at nutritional risk. c. matching money that states can use to fund medical services for low-income individuals. d. money to fund the transition from foster care to adoption.

Q: Low birth weight is linked to which of the following? a. Lack of prenatal care b. Drug and alcohol abuse c. Mother under age 18 years d. All of these

Q: What percentage of children is not covered by any health insurance program? a. 3% b. 5% c. 12% d. 50%

Q: Sarah lives with her mother in a homeless shelter. A possible risk for Sarah is a. depression. b. sleep disorders. c. short attention span. d. all of these.

Q: According to your text, nearly all state child protective services stop foster care payments when a child reaches age ____ years. a. 12 b. 16 c. 18 d. 21

Q: Which of the following is the fastest-growing segment of homeless Americans? a. Adult males b. Adult females c. Families with children d. The elderly

Q: Bob lost his job. Based on national trends, what is Bob at risk for beyond living in poverty? a. Increased problems within his family of procreation b. Alcoholism c. Loss of self-worth d. All of these

Q: Unemployment compensation is intended to maintain what percentage of a worker's income during a temporary period of involuntary unemployment? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 100%

Q: The federal program that provides families with financial assistance, and was designed to replace Aid to Families with Dependent Children, is called a. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. b. Unemployment Compensation. c. National Temporary Loan Program. d. Title IX.

Q: One in _________ children in the Unites States lives in poverty. a. 3 b. 6 c. 10 d. 20

Q: Which of the following is true? a. Many families are poor even though both parents are employed. b. If the parents are employed, a family cannot be considered poor. c. In a poor family the head of household is likely to be well educated. d. Most families that are poor are headed by single men.

Q: Which of the following is proposed as a reason for the aggressive behavior sometimes found in communities? a. Lack of social supports b. Distorted personal orientations c. A sense that aggression is the only acceptable way to avenge an insult d. All of these

Q: Adoption differs from foster care in that in adoption a. the child gains legal rights similar to those of other family members. b. living arrangements are not meant to be permanent. c. families do not go through a legal process. d. all of these.

Q: Which are included under the child welfare umbrella? a. Children living in their own homes b. Foster children without a home c. Institutionalized children d. All of these

Q: Which of the following is not a purpose of family preservation services?a. To keep families safeb. To avoid unnecessary placement of children in substitute carec. To emphasize family deficitsd. To improve family functioning

Q: Central Park in New York City was established in the a. 17th century (1600s). b. 18th century (1700s). c. 19th century (1800s). d. 20th century (1900s).

Q: Services that maintain the health, education, and welfare of the community are called a. supportive. b. chronological. c. linked-in. d. preventive.

Q: According to your text, a parks and recreation program designed to keep children from engaging in delinquent behavior would be categorized as a a. preventive service. b. supportive service. c. rehabilitative service. d. service in the microsystem.

Q: Mary's agency offers many programs, all aimed at reducing the stress and strains of life while offering solutions to problems before they occur. Mary's agency is best described as a. preventive. b. supportive. c. rehabilitative. d. combination.

Q: Agencies that use both public and private sources of money are termed a. user-driven. b. public. c. combination. d. community-based.

Q: Public agencies are financed through a. tax revenues. b. donations. c. membership dues. d. conference fees.

Q: The implementation of Head Start and the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act are examples of a. chronosystem influences. b. changes in the macrosystem over time. c. programs driven by political ideology. d. all of these.

Q: Community services are needed to a. help serve an increasing population. b. meet needs due to the changing nature of the family. c. meet the needs of a population as it moves from urban to rural. d. all of these.

Q: Privately funded community services are examples of which kind of support? a. Informal b. Formal c. Kin d. Homogeneous

Q: The National and Community Service Trust Act, which was passed in 1993, does what? a. Makes military service compulsory (required) b. Gives grants to schools to develop and implement school involvement projects c. Requires all students to complete high school d. Provides rules for the establishment of alternative schools in neighborhoods

Q: In Philadelphia, a higher-than-average percentage of students who attended "schools without walls" a. dropped out of high school. b. went on to college. c. were involved in criminal activity. d. came from low socioeconomic backgrounds.