Q&A Hero

Q: The "pillars of dynamic schools" include a. accountability and responsibility b. communication and relationships c. planning and evaluation d. all of these

Q: Dynamic schools can be described as a. possessing the capacity for continuous change b. continually meeting the needs of students, communities, and society c. following a historical framework and approach to instruction d. all of these

Q: Traditional schools are described as a. static b. systems unable to grow c. unable to adapt to changing environment d. all of these

Q: What are the characteristics for a positive learning climate? a. Sense of empowerment b. Relationships c. Moral tone d. Safe Environment

Q: What are aspects that need to be considered in promoting culture within cultures? a. Norms b. Structure c. Customs d. All of the above

Q: Researchers on school reform and student learning promote that improvement in education. Which is critical to reform? a. Legislating higher standards and consequences for non-performing schools b. Diminishing the ability of internal stakeholders for decision-making c. Promoting extrinsic rewards for schools d. Supervising instruction and engagement of internal stakeholders

Q: Conservatism has the aspects that encourage the status quo in schools today. Which of the following aspects are considered conservatism? a. Restricted teacher-centered instructional methods b. Shared technical culture c. Short range goals d. Research and experience

Q: What are the differences between school culture and shared technical culture? a. Little state of the art b. Individualistic instructional practices c. Learning from experience d. Lack of dialogue

Q: Darling-Hammond (2006) stated that the American factory model schools differ from high-achieving European and Asian countries in which of the following ways? a. Less time to plan b. Ineffective assessment measurements for learning c. Curriculum lessons d. Observation techniques

Q: Shared technical culture possess a. methods for problem solving. b. expertise in best practices. c. common purpose, mission, and goals. d. All the above

Q: School-wide curriculum and instructional decisions would be improved if teachers a. were involved in decisions about curriculum b. followed the mandated curriculum c. were mature, competent to deal with all learners d. were expected to fulfill certification requirements

Q: The one essential dimension of successful schools is a. improved resources. b. professional dialogue. c. rich curriculum. d. highly qualified teachers.

Q: Teaching as a profession can be improved through the following: a. Staged career from training to being a full profession b. Substantial increase in salary after completing a transitional or proving-ground stage c. Rigorous screen and requirements d. Responsibility for monitoring the new teachers

Q: Conventional schools must examine inequity critically through a. analysis of at risk situations within the school environment. b. Review of the performance for all students, including racial and the ethnic minority students c. Investigation the curriculum design of curriculum, instructional materials, and strategies d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following environmental difficulties experienced by novice teachers is supported by research? a. Between one-third and one-half of teachers drop out of the profession within their first seven years of teaching. b. Novice teachers develop a wide range of expertise for instruction. c. Most qualified teachers remain in the profession. d. All of the above

Q: Which of the following supporting evidence reveals inadequate induction practices for beginning teachers? a. Assignment of low achieving groups of students b. New teachers pay their dues by being assigned more duties and larger classes. c. First year teachers are never sure what is expected of them as professionals d. All of the above

Q: Beginning teachers are faced with environmental difficulties. Which are examples of these difficulties? a. Least restrictive resources for special education students b. Inadequate resources c. Supportive mentors d. Unclear expectations

Q: Which of the following psychological frustration did teachers reveal? a. Routine of the teaching day b. Encounters of the students' academic and emotional behaviors c. Professional expectations from administration d. All of the above

Q: Chang's (2009) research discussed the psychological dilemma experienced by teachers in the following manner: a. Elementary teacher meets with 25-30 students for six and one-half hours. b. Secondary teacher meets with 100 to 150 students for five to seven 50-minute periods. c. Teachers have the responsibility to bring their children to a certain academic level. d. All of the above

Q: Research has indicated that isolation and individualism has been observed through the work environment. Which of the following describes this research? a. Open classrooms represented areas in which teachers could view individual methods of teaching. b. Teachers work in spatial isolation where they work in different places at the same time; however, they do not observe each other. c. When a teacher is almost exclusively with children, they are psychologically alone. d. Teachers share methods in their classroom with others during their planning times.

Q: School culture are deeply rooted in the institutional beliefs in the a. inadequate training of beginning teachers. b. lack of shared decision-making from all stakeholders. c. collective development of the school mission. d. all of the above.

Q: McMillan & Price (2005) parallel the work environment of teachers in Frontier West to the modern teacher conditions in the following ways: a. Underpaid professionals b. Overcrowded classrooms c. Funding difficulties d. All of the above

Q: The similarities between the One-Room Schoolhouse to schools today reveal the following components. Choose the one that applies. a. Collaboration discourse, professional learning, and teacher training b. Differentiation, learning styles, and student profiles c. Institutional independence, privatization of teaching, and isolation d. All of the above

Q: Which are the following teacher roles are characteristics of the One-Room Schoolhouse? a. Teachers were responsible for the total instruction of all students. b. Teachers maintained the classroom and the building. c. Principals were in charge of the curriculum. d. All of the above.

Q: In the current educational climate, the culture of schools or the work environment establish the following norms: a. Each school district may work differently from one another. b. Teachers exhibit varied expectations about their own work in a particular school. c. Teachers may either arrive 15 minutes to 45 minutes before the students begin classes. d. All of the above

Q: SuperVision denotes a. a common vision about teaching and learning. b. collaboratively making decisions on instruction. c. building a democratic community of learning. d. all of the above.

Q: Moral purpose, as the foundation for supervision, requires the following premise that a. all stakeholders in schools are equal. b. schools promote a democratic approach for all. c. values, mission, and goals are stated according to standards. d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following aspects are incorporated in technical tasks? a. Curriculum Development b. Research on Effective Schools c. Professional Learning Communities d. Facilitation of School Change

Q: What is the supervisory task that addresses diversity and builds communities? a. Prerequisites b. Function c. Cultural d. Technical

Q: Which of the following leader's prerequisites reflect the scope of his/her supervisory role that leads to improved student learning? a. Observing, planning, and assessing instructional improvement b. Positive and change-oriented relationships c. Knowledge in adult and teacher development d. All of above

Q: Which of the following are characteristic of effective supervisory skills? a. Plan specific methods for teachers to use in their classrooms b. Provide instruction from experts, who assist teachers c. Enable teachers to reflect, evaluate and modify their own instruction d. All of the above.

Q: Leaders need to facilitate instructional improvement through building a knowledge base, which may be defined in the following way: a. Adult and teacher development b. Understanding the norms for teacher behaviors c. Forecasting the ideals for teachers and schools d. All of the above.

Q: Knowledge, interpersonal skills and technical skills are all pre-requisites for a. developmental aspects for supervisor. b. teacher goals. c. community goals. d. student goals.

Q: Research states that instructional effectiveness has the following components: a. Action research b. Professional development on instruction and classroom management c. Ongoing curriculum development and direct assistance to teachers d. All of above

Q: Instructional supervision may be characterized as a a. way to inspect and control, using directive supervisory behaviors. b. method to achieve goals and objectives uniformly in schools. c. systematic and collegial approach to improve student performance. d. hierarchical approach to develop relationships between teacher and administrators.

Q: Gordon discusses that teachers historically described supervision in the following way. Which of the follow applies to this research? a. Systematic approach that includes lesson plans, goals, and objectives b. Paperwork that may must be given to the administrator on a regular basis c. Method of evaluation that monitors instruction d. All of the above

Q: Collegial model for supervision encourages the following: a. Teachers' work on curriculum planning that follows the standards b. Reflective inquiry as an ongoing process for all professionals c. Professional moral service to students is the focus d. Administrators' and teachers' step-by-step monitoring of instructional goals

Q: SuperVision requires that there is a a. worldview, conventional paradigm, which maintains clear expectations on teachers' behaviors. b. conventional, congenial, and collegial paradigm seen in schools. c. paradigm shift toward the collegial model. d. paradigm shift away from supervision from the past.

Q: Mission, values, and goals become the foundation for a. a covenant of learning. b. action research in the schools. c. stakeholders to work together on decisions in the school. d. all successful schools.

Q: Active learning, student engagement, and alternative learning opportunities for those experiencing difficulties can be observed in the following: a. Conventional schools b. Congenial Schools c. Collegial Schools d. All of the above

Q: According to the schools described in the introduction, which of the following examples represent the collegial school? a. Germando Elementary Schools b. Progress Middle School c. Finnie Tyler High School d. All of the above

Q: Most conventional schools have a. clear expectations for students and teachers b. organized schedules prepared by administrators c. teachers who are working with cooperative group of students. d. informal approach to instruction.

Q: Congenial schools are characterized by the following: a. Teachers use their own discretion in their teaching methods. b. Teachers are relaxed in talking to students, c. Cooperative relationships between teachers and administrators. d. Administrators observe classrooms in a strict manner.

Q: Building community involves a. moral action b. professional learning c. inquiry d. all of the above

Q: Group development includes a. revision of curriculum b. decision-making on mutual instructional concerns c. building cultural proficiency d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following represents less structured approaches that teachers may use in their classroom? a. Asking questions of the students b. Allowing students to work in small groups c. Presenting materials to the students d. Pacing the activities according to the student's goals

Q: Collegial schools establish goals consistent with the responsibility of education in a democratic society. Which of the following topics is not included? a. Action research b. Curriculum development c. Autocratic leadership d. Strategic planning

Q: Students can ensure that they do not commit plagiarism by a. using exact quotes from their sources rather than paraphrasing b. using a website such as turnitincom to check their work before submitting it to the professor c. putting everything into their own words so they don"t have to cite sources d. rearranging the order of the words in a sentence written by a source that is being used e. using only sources that anyone can find on the Internet

Q: What do you think about counselors providing counseling services to clients via the Internet?

Q: When a student and a professor co-author an article for publication in a professional journal a. the student should be listed as the second author, after the professor b. the student and professor should decide on the order of authorship credit before they begin working on the project c. the professor should do most of the work because the professor has more experience with publishing d. the professor should be listed as the first author, with the student second e. the one who contributed the most to producing the article should the first-listed author

Q: What are some of the primary benefits and problems that technology has brought to the counseling process?

Q: Researchers are ethically obligated to a. compensate the participants in their research, either monetarily or by an acknowledgment b. attempt to publish their results c. offer feedback to the participants in the study d. enlist the help of a statistician to interpret the results e. destroy all records that might identify participants as soon as the study is completed

Q: Why should counselors consult with an attorney if they receive a subpoena?

Q: Students do NOT have to cite the source for information when the information a. is considered common knowledge b. is paraphrased rather than directly quoted c. was retrieved from a source on the Internet d. they are quoting from a text their professor has authord e. they are quoting from the text used in the course for which they are writing the assigned paper

Q: Why is it important to carefully document events in emergency situations?

Q: Plagiarism a. is always just cause for expelling a student from a counselor training program b. is summarizing a passage from another author's work without using quotation marks and giving the source and page number where the passage was found c. is difficult for professors to detect d. is claiming the words and ideas of someone else as one's own e. cannot be committed when the source of an idea is the Internet

Q: Why should counselors keep records?

Q: Most written materials are legally protected from the time they are created until _____ years after the author's death. a. 5 b. 50 c. 200 d. 300 e. 500

Q: What do you think should happen to clients' records after they die?

Q: How would you respond if a client asked to see the notes you have taken related to his counseling sessions?

Q: In regard to giving credit to contributors to research projects in published reports a. a footnote is sufficient. b. every person who contributed must be listed as a co-author. c. the major professor of a dissertation study must be listed as first author. d. appropriate credit must be given, but there are no firm rules. e. individuals who were paid to assist do not have to be given any credit.

Q: University committees that review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected are called a. bursars. b. adjunct committees c. institutional review boards. d. promotion and tenure committees. e. research councils.

Q: Some studies have shown that clients are not very concerned about privacy or confidentiality when they seek counseling services. What do you think about such findings?

Q: The practice of evaluating professors for tenure, promotion, and merit pay increases is based largely on their records of a. grants brought into the university. b. teaching effectiveness. c. presenting at national conferences. d. getting along well with other professors. e. scholarly publications.

Q: What do you think are the distinctions among the terms "privacy," "confidentiality," and "privileged communication?"

Q: Under what circumstances do you think it would be acceptable to terminate counseling services to a client?

Q: The requirement that universities establish committees to review research proposals to ensure that human participants are protected is a. a state law in all states. b. required by the U.S. Constitution. c. voluntarily adhered to throughout the United States. d. a federal law that carries with it the penalty of loss of federal funds if violated. e. a federal law that makes it a crime to do otherwise.

Q: Research participants a. must be paid if their identities will be disclosed by the researcher. b. must sign a document in front of a notary if they agree to waive their privacy. c. generally are not guaranteed privacy. d. have a right to expect to have their confidentialityprotected. e. may never agree to have their name disclosed by a researcher.

Q: .What kinds of information do you think clients need, in order to be able to give their fully informed consent to enter into a counseling relationship? When does the information given become too much information so that it inhibits clients from entering into counseling relationships?

Q: Concealing from individuals that they are being studied and deceiving individuals with false information during a study a. are forbidden by codes of ethics. b. are sensitive areas and researchers must take care to insure that participants are not harmed when such activities take place. c. require that participants be paid. d. could be used as a basis to revoke a counselor's license. e. are activities that would never be undertaken by professional researchers because studies can always be completed without resorting to such negative tactics.

Q: 2.Do you believe a counselor should be allowed to refuse to provide counseling services to some groups of people who request them? If so, which groups and in what circumstances?

Q: Before students agree to serve as research assistants, counselor educators should discuss and provide a. assurance that those who decline to participate will not be penalized. b. a clarification of expectations regarding who will do which parts of the work. c. an agreement regarding the type of acknowledgment students will receive when the research is published. d. a time-line to complete the various tasks. e. all of the above.

Q: When a client holds values that conflict with the counselor's values, can the counselor provide effective counseling services? Why or why not?

Q: When children are participants in a research study a. consent is needed from their parents only. b. there is no need to obtain informed consent from the children because they are unable to give legal consent. c. even though parental consent is legally sufficient, the assent of the children should be obtained as well. d. obtaining the consent of children would be unwise because it would alert children that they are being studied and they would then behave differently. e. informed consent is not required because children are too young to understand.

Q: How can you ensure that you are competent to provide counseling services to the culturally diverse clients who may seek your assistance?

Q: It is ethically questionable for a university professor to a. conduct a research project with a student. b. supervise the research activities of a student. c. require a student to participate in a research project. d. co-present with a student at a professional conference. e. write a letter of recommendation for a job for a student with whom he or she has conducted a research study.

Q: In what ways is cultural competence an ethical issue?

Q: A difference between consultation and counseling is that a. consultation is a mandated activity, whereas counseling is usually sought voluntarily b. consultants provide indirect services to clients, whereas counseling is a direct service c. consultation involves a relationship among equals and does not involve a power differential d. consultation focuses on work relationships, whereas counseling focuses on personal and interpersonal relationships e. confidentiality is not an issue in consultation, while it is a primary concern in counseling

Q: What does the term "culturally competent counselor" mean to you?

Q: When a counselor who is working under supervision shares confidential information about clients with her or his supervisor a. the counselor is legally responsible if the supervisor inappropriately discloses the confidential information to a third party b. privileged communication is destroyed c. this is acceptable behavior because the supervisor needs the information in order to supervise effectively d. the information should be shared verbally, but not put in writing e. the counselor is unethically breaching client confidentiality