Q&A Hero

Q: The physical arrangement of the classroom should clearly delineate work and play areas.

Q: Effective use of teacher praise requires that: a. praise be delivered contingent on performance of the target behavior b. praise should specify the behavior being reinforced c. praise should be sincere with the teacher varying tone and content d. all of the above

Q: Jessie is learning traffic signs in driver's education. His teacher holds up the sign and immediately records if Jessie names it correctly. This type of data collection is known as:a. event recordingb. time samplingc. latency recordingd. permanent product recording

Q: Procedures tell students how they should behave.

Q: Reinforcers that are exchangeable for some reinforcer of value to students is known as: a. Activity reinforcers b. Proprioceptive reinforcers c. Token reinforcers d. Tactile reinforcers

Q: Mr. Garcia checked at five-minute intervals to see if Jane was playing appropriately in a small group. He was using: a. interval recording b. time sampling c. event recording d. duration recording

Q: Too many rules may be inefficient.

Q: Which is considered a proprioceptive primary reinforcer? a. colored lights twinkling b. the smell of cinnamon rolls baking c. music playing softly d. swinging in a swing

Q: A teacher giving a written test is using: a. written data recording b. interval recording c. permanent product recording d. anecdotal recording

Q: Teacher characteristics are not important in establishing an effective classroom and instruction.

Q: Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary reinforcer? a. paycheck b. a gold star c. verbal praise d. a nap

Q: To provide the broadest possible description of events occurring within a time period one would use: a. anecdotal recording b. observational recording c. permanent product recording d. topography recording

Q: Effective rules describe observable behaviors.

Q: _________ reinforcers are natural, unlearned, or unconditioned. a. Tertiary b. Secondary c. Primary d. Variable

Q: Duration data are collected:a. from the time the teacher gives a performance direction until the student begins to perform the responseb. from the time the student begins the response until he or she completes the responsec. from the time the teacher gives a performance direction until the student completes the responsed. none of the above

Q: Classroom rules should be specific and clearly established.

Q: Immediacy of reinforcement delivery is necessary a. to avoid the hazard of inadvertently reinforcing an intervening behavior b. to establish a connection between a particular behavior and its consequences c. to convince the student of the veracity of the contingency d. all of the above

Q: When using time sampling the teacher notes occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior: a. any time during the interval b. at the end of the interval c. each time the behavior occurs within the interval d. any of the above

Q: The pace of instruction should be brisk.

Q: The best way to determine whether something is reinforcing to a student is to use a. Reinforcer sampling b. Systematic predicting c. Caregiver guesses d. Selective sampling

Q: When using time sampling, the data collector records behavioral occurrence only if it occurs at the end of an interval.

Q: Classroom schedules should be flexible.

Q: What is reinforcing to a student depends on a. reinforcement history b. temperament on an intervention day c. age appropriateness of the reinforcer d. a and c only

Q: Recording ongoing behaviors that may continue for several intervals is known as whole-interval recording.

Q: The physical arrangement of the classroom is an important component of establishing stimulus control.

Q: Which of the following terms is NOT associated with positive reinforcement? a. Increases b. Presentation c. Decreases d. Contingent

Q: A ringing telephone is an example of an antecedent stimulus.

Q: Discuss how a teacher might incorporate video and audio recording to teach self-management skills.

Q: The symbol for positive reinforcement is a. SR- b. SR+ c. SD d. SR

Q: Anecdotal reports are written to provide as complete a description of a student's behavior in a particular setting or during an instructional period

Q: Jeff, a high school student who experiences a motor disability, is frequently unorganized with is work and is always late for class, even when provided extra time and support when changing classes. Discuss how a teacher might use self-management techniques to teach Jeff better organizational skills and increasing his punctuality.

Q: _____________ is a naturally occurring phenomenon. a. Time out b. Reinforcement c. Contingency contracting d. Response cost

Q: Anecdotal reports can enable teachers to determine what factors in the classroom are occasioning or maintaining appropriate and inappropriate behaviors.

Q: Give an example of the use of a self reinforcement procedure.

Q: A contract should NOT: a. reinforce small approximations b. reinforce the performance after it occurs c. be stated negatively: "if you do not..., then I will..." d. reinforce frequently with small amounts

Q: Duration recording is primarily concerned with how long it takes a student to begin performing a behavior once its performance has been requested.

Q: Select one self recording strategy and give an example of its use.

Q: The Premack Principle is the reinforcement system used most often by teachers. Which of the following is an example of the Premack Principle?a. If you stay outside for 10 more minutes, then you must do your entire math problemsb. If you finish all your work, then you may have free time for 10 minutesc. If you are the line leader for today, then you must be quiet during study periodd. If you get a drink of water, then you must stay in your seat the rest of the day

Q: Latency recording is used when the teacher is concerned with the length of time a student engages in a particular behavior.

Q: Meichenbaum has detailed a five-step procedure for self instruction. List the five steps in this procedure.

Q: Individuals are MOST likely to satiate on: a. CRF schedules b. FR schedules c. FI schedules d. VR schedules

Q: Interval recording is typically used for long observation periods.

Q: List four factors that appear to influence the effectiveness of self instruction.

Q: Individuals are LEAST likely to satiate on: a. CRF schedules b. FR schedules c. FI schedules d. VR schedules

Q: Recording occurrences of discrete behaviors is known as whole-interval recording.

Q: List the two primary reasons attributed to the success of self recording procedures in assisting behavior change.

Q: A "learned" reinforcer is also known as: a. natural reinforcer b. deprived reinforcer c. aversive reinforcer d. conditional reinforcer

Q: In terms of making the closest representation of the actual occurrence of a behavior, time sampling is the most exact.

Q: The first step in self-instruction involves: a. an adult modeling the procedure while overtly talking through each step b. a student completing the steps following an adults directions c. a student completes the steps following picture prompts d. none of the above

Q: Confirmation of the reinforcing properties of a stimulus lies in: a. the stimulus b. the effect on behavior c. the schedule d. the teacher

Q: "Good job, Max!" is an example of a consequent stimulus.

Q: One of the most common forms of self-punishment includes _______________. a. response cost with a token reinforcement systems b. self-injurious behavior c. stereotypic behavior d. none of the above

Q: All basic reinforcement systems have the following elements: a. the teacher presents the antecedent discriminative stimulus b. the student performs the requested response c. the appropriate reinforcer is presented to the student d. all of the above

Q: Interval recording allows an investigator to analyze written reports.

Q: In _____________, students report an occurrence of their behavior. a. self-recording b. self-evaluation c. self-reinforcement d. self-instruction

Q: A positive reinforcer is a consequence stimulus which:a. increases the future rate, is delivered contingently and immediately following a desired behaviorb. maintains constant rates, and is delivered consequentlyc. decreases a behavior, is delivered contingently and immediately following a behavior.d. maintains rate of a behavior, is delivered contingently and immediately following a desired behavior

Q: Permanent products are tangible items or environmental effects that result from a behavior.

Q: In ____________, students compare their work against some standard of performance. a. self-recording b. self-evaluation c. self-reinforcement d. self-instruction

Q: Primary reinforcers include all of the following EXCEPT: a. juice b. stickers c. raisins d. cookies

Q: Mr. Jackson targeted Rob's out of seat behavior for a behavior change program. He counted 20 occurrences during a reading period. To verify his data, he asked his student teacher to record at the same time. The student teacher recorded 18 occurrences. These data are in sufficient agreement for a behavior change program to begin.

Q: When teaching students to set goals, they should be: a. specific b. achievable c. challenging d. all of the above

Q: Negative reinforcement may be defined as the contingent presentation of an aversive stimulus immediately following a response that increases the future rate of the response.

Q: A teacher and a paraprofessional observed a student in class using a new computer program simulation. Using 20 second intervals they recorded the data which appears below. These data are in sufficient agreement for a behavior change program to begin. (T) X X X O X X O O X O (P) X O X O X O O O X X

Q: Self-management is made up of many components. Which of the following is a component of self- management? a. goal setting b. self-reinforcement c. self-evaluation d. all of the above

Q: A limited hold contingency allows teacher to make the reinforcer available for long periods of time following the elapsed interval.

Q: Of the observational data recording systems, the one which results in the most accurate representation of the occurrence of the behavior is interval recording.

Q: Ms. Kirkland set up a picture schedule to transition students between activities. Once a student completed an activity they compared their work to a picture of the task completed. Ms. Kirkland's students were engaged in _______________. a. self-monitoring b. self-instruction c. self-reinforcement d. none of the above

Q: The passage of time is associated with interval schedules of reinforcement.

Q: The period between the presentation of a discriminative stimulus and the initiation of a response is called the latency period.

Q: Dara was self-talking through each step of her math problem. She was engaged in ________. a. self-recording b. self-punishment c. self-instruction d. self-reinforcement

Q: Schedules of reinforcement refer to patterns of timing for delivery of reinforcers.

Q: The method of data collection that provides the most accurate record of how long a behavior occurs is duration recording.

Q: Self-management strategies have been used with which of the following students: a. students with severe disabilities b. students with mild disabilities c. students at-risk d. all of the above

Q: A teacher's attention is usually the MOST readily available and potent reinforcer in a classroom.

Q: Write a behavioral objective including the four components of a behavioral objective. Describe the importance of each component in writing an effective objective.

Q: When teaching students to self-record you should include all of the following EXCEPT: a. selection of target behavior b. operational definition of target behavior c. selection of appropriate data collection system d. teacher recording of target behavior

Q: Token reinforcement systems require two components: tokens and back up reinforcers.

Q: Describe the importance of operationally defining the target behavior. Write an operational definition for off-task behavior.

Q: Each day Sharon completes 30-minutes of working out at the gym, she places an "X" for that day on her calendar. What self-management procedure is Sharon using? a. Self-recording b. Self- evaluation c. Self-reinforcement d. Self-instruction

Q: Generalized reinforcers are less susceptible to satiation.