Q&A Hero

Q: __________ refers only to procedures derived from experimental analysis of human behavior. a. cognitive modification b. behavior modification c. systematic analysis d. all of the above

Q: A response may be generalized over time, across settings, and across behaviors.

Q: Why are experimental designs important in applied behavior analysis?

Q: Applied Behavior Analysis refers only to procedures derived from the experimental analysis of human behavior.

Q: A logical extension of programming common stimuli is community-based instruction.

Q: Pose a question for which you would select an alternating treatments design to determine the answer.

Q: Voluntary consent implies publication of goals, procedures, and results so that they may be evaluated

Q: When teaching a student to perform a new behavior, it is NOT necessary to teach every example of a response class that we want students to perform.

Q: Draw a single subject design with hypothetical data and indicate where one would focus in order to determine whether a functional relationship exists.

Q: It may be necessary to eliminate or reduce the rate of some student behaviors

Q: Functional skills are more prone to be maintained by the natural environment.

Q: The following data describe the number of problems on a page of 20 done correctly. Graph the baseline and determine whether or not it is stable: 13, 8, 16, 5, and 15.

Q: Consent that ensures voluntary participation in behavior change programs must be both voluntary and considered socially valid.

Q: Discuss the guidelines for providing an effective prompt.

Q: Define a functional relation.

Q: Applied Behavior Analysis is used to define the systematic methods employed for behavior change taught in this course

Q: Select a behavioral chain and create a task analysis. Select an instructional procedure to teach the chain with a written sequence for using the procedure. Provide a rationale for the instructional procedure selected.

Q: Which design examines an intervention across settings? a. reversal b. multielement c. AB d. multiple baseline

Q: It is unethical for teachers to arbitrarily decide what to teach students to do or stop doing.

Q: Compare and contrast antecedent and response prompts.

Q: _______________ refers to the magnitude and direction of the change in data from the end of one phase to the beginning of the next phase.a. Change in meanb. Level of performancec. Trend in performanced. Percentage of overlap

Q: Informed consent is based on full understanding of all aspects of a planned program, including possible risks.

Q: Describe how task analyses are used for teaching complex behavior chains.

Q: The design depicted here is known as: a. Changing criterion design b. Alternating Treatments design c. Changing conditions design d. Reversal design

Q: It is not ethical to assure parents that if a procedure is used, their child will no longer require placement in a special class.

Q: Define shaping. Give a brief example of a shaping procedure.

Q: Mr. Mason is working with Jacy to increase the number of pizza boxes she folds during her first thirty minutes at the pizza shop during her vocational instruction. She currently folds an average of 15 boxes during a 30-minute period. Mr. Mason would like to increase this number to 100. What would be the most appropriate research design to use?a. Changing Criterion Designb. Multiple Baseline Designc. Alternating Treatment Designd. Changing Conditions Design

Q: Suppressing behaviors such as whistling and laughing while in school is ethical if it helps to establish "law and order" in the classroom.

Q: Three methods may be used to teach chains of behaviors. Name and briefly describe ONE method. Be sure to include an example.

Q: What do researchers need before they can say that a functional relation is demonstrated? a. Prediction b. Verification of prediction c. Replication of effect d. All of the above

Q: It is unethical to exclude any student from the regular classroom regardless of its positive or negative effects.

Q: There are four major procedures used to fade prompts. Name and briefly describe ONE procedure. Be sure to include an example.

Q: The ABAB design is also known as the a. Multiple Baseline Design b. Changing Criterion Design c. Alternating Treatment Design d. Reversal Design

Q: Behavior analysis has the power to remove the ability of the individual to choose alternative responses.

Q: The choice of a model is important in that certain characteristics may increase the model's effectiveness. Name these characteristics.

Q: Ana consistently increases the number of baskets she makes each game. If the number of baskets she made over the last seven games were plotted on a graph, a _____ trend would be evident. a. Descending b. Variable c. Ascending d. None of the above

Q: Research has shown that when positive reinforcement is used, intrinsic motivation is decreased.

Q: During this procedure the prompt is presented in combination with the discriminative stimulus.a. time delayb. least-to-mostc. simultaneous promptingd. all of the above

Q: Which is considered a common component of single-subject designs? a. measure of baseline performance b. measure of performance under an intervention condition c. replication of the use of the intervention within the design d. all of the above

Q: The term "behavior modification" refers ONLY to procedures derived from the experimental analysis of human behavior.

Q: The following criteria are examples associated with which behavioral procedure? Richard will remain in his seat for three minutes. Richard will remain in his seat for five minutes. Richard will remain in his seat for ten minutes. a. shaping b. chaining c. fading d. none of the above

Q: The student who follows the rules each day earns 5 extra minutes at recess. Following the rules is considered the: a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Uncontrolled variable d. Confounding variable

Q: Behavioral approaches are less difficult to implement than most other procedures.

Q: Nancy is learning to brush her teeth. Her teacher provides her with task analysis for brushing her teeth. The task analysis is presented by pictures of each step. This is an example of which prompt? a. auditory prompt b. visual prompt c. least-to-most d. time delay

Q: When Dolores screams, her mother picks her up and holds her close. "Picking up and holding Dolores close" is considered the: a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Uncontrolled variable d. Confounding variable

Q: "Humanists" often perceive any systematic effort to change behavior as coercive and inhumane.

Q: Kip is learning to drink from a cup. His teacher begins providing hand-over-hand assistance to grasp the cup. The teacher then moves to providing Kip support at his wrist to guide the cup. This is an example of which prompting strategy? a. most-to-least b. time delay c. graduated guidance d. none of the above

Q: Every time Andres raises his hand, he receives one point. "Raising his hand" is considered the: a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Uncontrolled variable d. Confounding variable

Q: Define and differentiate between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment. Give an example of each.

Q: Which of the following is an example of a prompt which increases assistance? a. graduated guidance b. time delay c. least-to-most prompts d. most-to-least prompts

Q: The design of choice when the teacher is interested in applying an intervention procedure to more than one individual, setting, or behavior is the:a. multiple baseline designb. alternating treatment designc. reversal designd. changing criterion design

Q: Based on the criteria set forth by the usefulness explanation of human behavior (inclusiveness, verifiability, predictive utility, and parsimony) compare and contrast behaviorism with one of the following proposed explanations of human behavior: biophysical, developmental, or cognitive.

Q: When a teacher starts with the first link in a chain, teaches it until it is mastered, and then goes on to the next link, he is using what instructional technique?a. Backward chainingb. Forward chainingc. Total task presentationd. Behavioral chaining

Q: When two or more behaviors associated with one student in a single setting are examined, what design is being used?a. multiple baseline across settingsb. multiple baseline across behaviorsc. multiple baseline across individualsd. alternating treatment design

Q: As a behaviorist working in a school of teachers who believe very strongly in developmental theory, how would you convince them that a behavioral approach may be more appropriate for some of their students?

Q: The following is an example of the system of least prompts. a. Miss Simon waits three seconds before providing Luis physical guidance. b. After Mr. Gibson asks Tia to hang up her coat, she verbally reminds her again. c. Yesterday, Ms. Shafer provided hand-over-hand assistance to Jerome to tie his shoes. Today, she is holding his wrists. d. a & b only

Q: The _______________ design evaluates the effectiveness of an independent variable by demonstrating that a behavior can be incrementally increased or decreased toward a terminal performance goal.a. alternating treatmentb. changing conditionc. changing criteriond. multiple baseline

Q: Discuss how Skinner's distinguishing of operant from respondent conditioning impacted the study of applied behavior analysis.

Q: Systematically waiting before delivering a prompt allowing a student to respond before prompting is a procedure known asa. Time Delayb. Stimulus shapingc. Graduated Guidanced. Forward Chaining

Q: ABAB design is a variation of what design? a. reversal b. alternating treatment c. changing criterion d. multiple baseline

Q: Define and give an example of modeling. .

Q: Which of the following is considered a prompt fading procedure? a. Graduated Guidance b. Most-to-Least prompts c. Time Delay d. All of the above

Q: The basic single-subject design is the a. AB Design b. Multiple Baseline Design c. Reversal Design d. Changing Criterion Design

Q: What is meant by stimulus control?

Q: What kind of prompt is being used in the following example: Miss Clark holds Melissa's hand to cross the street.a. Modelingb. Physical Guidancec. Verbal Promptd. Visual Prompt

Q: __________ refers to the researcher's efforts to ensure that changes in the dependent variable are directly related to manipulations of the independent variable. a. Baseline b. Experimental control c. Repeated measurement d. None of the above

Q: List three qualifications research must have in order to be considered Applied Behavior Analysis.

Q: What kind of prompt is being used in the following example: Mr. Kelly posts the homework assignment directions on the board for his math class.a. Modelingb. Physical Guidancec. Visual promptd. Verbal Prompt

Q: In most cases, the first phase of a single-subject design is: a. implementing the independent variable b. collecting and recording baseline data c. graphic visual analysis of the dependent variable d. none of the above

Q: What is meant by extinguishing a behavior?

Q: A _____ is an additional stimulus that increases the probability that an SD will occasion the desired response.a. Conceptb. Reinforcerc. Consequenced. Prompt

Q: The intervention being used to facilitate a behavior change is known as a. Dependent variable b. Independent variable c. Confounding variable d. Intervention variable

Q: ____________ is the process of using successive approximations to teach a new behavior or skill.a. stimulus controlb. shapingc. modelingd. generalization

Q: A ______ is a class of stimuli that have characteristics in common. a. Prompt hierarchy b. Shape c. SD d. Concept

Q: _________ refers to any number of factors involved in research. a. Condition b. Intervention c. Variable d. Functional relationship

Q: Which of the following theorists is credited with classical conditioning?a. B.F. Skinnerb. Jean Piagetc. Ivan Pavlovd. none of the above

Q: The principle of discrimination associated with positive reinforcement isa. Sb. SDc. SR+d. SR-

Q: David can currently read 12 sight words. The curriculum criterion states that he must be able to read 50 sight words. His teacher plans to systematically introduce 4 new sight words at a time as David masters each new set. David's teacher should employ a:a. multiple baseline designb. ABAB designc. reversal designd. none of the above

Q: Theorists who explain human behavior based on physical influences employ which of the following explanations? a. cognitive b. biophysical c. cognitive d. behavioral

Q: Which of the following is an example of an SΔ? a. Whenever Mrs. Marcott is in the room, she ignores James when he yells out answers. b. Amanda knows that Mr. Stevens will pay attention to her if she uses profanity. c. Coly learned that when he answers his ringing phone, he more than likely gets to talk to one of his friends. d. All of the above.