Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Education
Q:
Ana consistently increases the number of baskets she makes each game. If the number of baskets she made over the last seven games were plotted on a graph, a _____ trend would be evident.a. Descendingb. Variablec. Ascendingd. None of the above
Q:
Ms. Sims was having difficulty getting Tia to sit during morning circle. She decided that she would reinforce Tia's attempts to sit during circle time. She began by reinforcing Tia when she was standing next to her chair, then when she had one knee on her chair. She continued this process until Tia remained seated during morning circle time. Ms. Sims employed which the following behavioral techniques?a. modelingb. shapingc. positive reinforcementd. negative reinforcement
Q:
General case programming involves selection of training stimuli with degrees of sameness and difference within a stimulus class.
Q:
Which is considered a common component of single-subject designs?
a. measure of baseline performance
b. measure of performance under an intervention condition
c. replication of the use of the intervention within the design
d. all of the above
Q:
Which of the following is attributed with the Stage Theory of Development?a. Jean Piagetb. Sigman Freudc. Ivan Pavlovd. B. F. Skinner
Q:
A response may be generalized over time, across settings, and across behaviors.
Q:
The student who follows the rules each day earns 5 extra minutes at recess. Following the rules is considered the:a. Independent variableb. Dependent variablec. Uncontrolled variabled. Confounding variable
Q:
John was scheduled to take a spelling test each Friday. His mother told him if he received 90% correct or better for three out of four spelling test he would get to buy a new video game. His mother was employing which of the following behavioral techniques?a. punishmentb. negative reinforcementc. shapingd. positive reinforcement
Q:
A logical extension of programming common stimuli is community-based instruction.
Q:
When Dolores screams, her mother picks her up and holds her close. "Picking up and holding Dolores close" is considered the:
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Uncontrolled variable
d. Confounding variable
Q:
Which of the following influenced the behaviorist movement?
a. cognitivism
b. functionalism
c. constructivism
d. none of the above
Q:
When teaching a student to perform a new behavior, it is NOT necessary to teach every example of a response class that we want students to perform.
Q:
Every time Andres raises his hand, he receives one point. "Raising his hand" is considered the:
a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Uncontrolled variable
d. Confounding variable
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria set forth by Baer, Wolf, and Risley (1968) as the qualifications for research to be considered applied behavior analysis:a. the behavior must be socially importantb. the behavior must be objectively definedc. a functional relation must be demonstratedd. must be an aberrant behavior
Q:
Functional skills are more prone to be maintained by the natural environment.
Q:
The design of choice when the teacher is interested in applying an intervention procedure to more than one individual, setting, or behavior is the:a. multiple baseline designb. alternating treatment designc. reversal designd. changing criterion design
Q:
What is the major purpose of applied behavior analysis?
a. to provide a process of systematically applying specific principles to facilitate behavior change
b. to provide a systematic means of determining whether changes in behavior may be attributed to the application of behavioral principles.
c. none of the above
d. both a and b
Q:
Describe how task analyses are used for teaching complex behavior chains.
Q:
When two or more behaviors associated with one student in a single setting are examined, what design is being used?a. multiple baseline across settingsb. multiple baseline across behaviorsc. multiple baseline across individualsd. alternating treatment design
Q:
Who is associated or responsible for the use of the term "behaviorism?"a. Skinnerb. Watsonc. Darwind. Pavlov
Q:
Define shaping. Give a brief example of a shaping procedure.
Q:
The _______________ design evaluates the effectiveness of an independent variable by demonstrating that a behavior can be incrementally increased or decreased toward a terminal performance goal.a. alternating treatmentb. changing conditionc. changing criteriond. multiple baseline
Q:
For an explanation of behavior to be parsimonious, it must
a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior
b. be testable
c. provide the simplest explanation
d. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances
Q:
Three methods may be used to teach chains of behaviors. Name and briefly describe ONE method. Be sure to include an example.
Q:
ABAB design is a variation of what design?
a. reversal
b. alternating treatment
c. changing criterion
d. multiple baseline
Q:
The Law of Effect is associated with what behavioral principle?
a. Reinforcement
b. Extinction
c. Punishment
d. Antecedent prompting
Q:
There are four major procedures used to fade prompts. Name and briefly describe ONE procedure. Be sure to include an example.
Q:
The basic single-subject design is the
a. AB Design
b. Multiple Baseline Design
c. Reversal Design
d. Changing Criterion Design
Q:
For an explanation of behavior to have predictive utility it must
a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior
b. be testable
c. provide the simplest explanation
d. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances
Q:
The choice of a model is important in that certain characteristics may increase the model's effectiveness. Name these characteristics.
Q:
__________ refers to the researcher's efforts to ensure that changes in the dependent variable are directly related to manipulations of the independent variable.a. Baselineb. Experimental controlc. Repeated measurementd. None of the above
Q:
The behavior principle that describes a relationship between behavior and an antecedent stimulus rather than behavior and its consequences are known as:a. Stimulus controlb. Respondent conditioningc. The Law of Effectd. Principle of Parsimony
Q:
During this procedure the prompt is presented in combination with the discriminative stimulus.a. time delayb. least-to-mostc. simultaneous promptingd. all of the above
Q:
In most cases, the first phase of a single-subject design is:
a. implementing the independent variable
b. collecting and recording baseline data
c. graphic visual analysis of the dependent variable
d. none of the above
Q:
What is known as a "demonstration of behavior"?
a. Modeling
b. Shaping
c. Positive Reinforcement
d. Operant Conditioning
Q:
The following criteria are examples associated with which behavioral procedure?Richard will remain in his seat for three minutes.Richard will remain in his seat for five minutes.Richard will remain in his seat for ten minutes.a. shapingb. chainingc. fadingd. none of the above
Q:
The intervention being used to facilitate a behavior change is known as
a. Dependent variable
b. Independent variable
c. Confounding variable
d. Intervention variable
Q:
An event is described as ________ if the rate of occurrence of a preceding behavior decreases.
a. Negative Reinforcement
b. Positive Reinforcement
c. Shaping
d. Punishment
Q:
Nancy is learning to brush her teeth. Her teacher provides her with task analysis for brushing her teeth. The task analysis is presented by pictures of each step. This is an example of which prompt?a. auditory promptb. visual promptc. least-to-mostd. time delay
Q:
_________ refers to any number of factors involved in research.
a. Condition
b. Intervention
c. Variable
d. Functional relationship
Q:
When a student is given a pleasant consequence to a behavior and it results in an increase in the behavior's rate of occurrence, what behavioral principle is being used?
a. Negative Reinforcement
b. Positive Reinforcement
c. Punishment
d. Stimulus control
Q:
Kip is learning to drink from a cup. His teacher begins providing hand-over-hand assistance to grasp the cup. The teacher then moves to providing Kip support at his wrist to guide the cup. This is an example of which prompting strategy?a. most-to-leastb. time delayc. graduated guidanced. none of the above
Q:
David can currently read 12 sight words. The curriculum criterion states that he must be able to read 50 sight words. His teacher plans to systematically introduce 4 new sight words at a time as David masters each new set. David's teacher should employ a:a. multiple baseline designb. ABAB designc. reversal designd. none of the above
Q:
When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced and its rate of occurrence decreases, what behavioral principle is being used?a. Punishmentb. Positive Reinforcementc. Positive Punishmentd. Extinction
Q:
Which of the following is an example of a prompt which increases assistance?
a. graduated guidance
b. time delay
c. least-to-most prompts
d. most-to-least prompts
Q:
Replication effect can be seen in a reversal design in the:
a. first and second phases
b. third and fourth phases
c. first and third phases
d. second and fourth phases
Q:
Operant conditioning deals with __________ behaviors.
a. emotional
b. trained
c. reflexive
d. voluntary
Q:
When a teacher starts with the first link in a chain, teaches it until it is mastered, and then goes on to the next link, he is using what instructional technique?a. Backward chainingb. Forward chainingc. Total task presentationd. Behavioral chaining
Q:
An interim criterion used in a changing criterion design is determined by:
a. the highest performance level of baseline
b. the lowest performance level of baseline
c. the mean level of performance of baseline
d. any of the above
Q:
For an explanation of behavior to be "verifiable" it must
a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior
b. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances
c. provide the simplest explanation
d. be testable
Q:
The following is an example of the system of least prompts.
a. Miss Simon waits three seconds before providing Luis physical guidance.
b. After Mr. Gibson asks Tia to hang up her coat, she verbally reminds her again.
c. Yesterday, Ms. Shafer provided hand-over-hand assistance to Jerome to tie his shoes. Today, she is holding his wrists.
d. a & b only
Q:
One disadvantage of an AB design is:
a. it cannot evaluate performance over time
b. it does not require a baseline
c. it has only a nondescriptive function
d. it does not allow for determining a functional relation
Q:
Behaviorists are LEAST concerned with the following:
a. functional relation
b. observable behaviors
c. present events
d. past events
Q:
Systematically waiting before delivering a prompt allowing a student to respond before prompting is a procedure known asa. Time Delayb. Stimulus shapingc. Graduated Guidanced. Forward Chaining
Q:
A traditional reversal design has:
a. two phases
b. three phases
c. four phases
d. five phases
Q:
To qualify as a behavior, something must be:
a. observable
b. quantifiable
c. a and b
d. none of the above
Q:
Which of the following is considered a prompt fading procedure?
a. Graduated Guidance
b. Most-to-Least prompts
c. Time Delay
d. All of the above
Q:
Fractionation is used to evaluate performance change when using:
a. a reversal design
b. a multiple baseline design
c. a changing conditions design
d. an alternating treatments design
Q:
An antecedent stimulus is:
a. an event occurring before the behavior is performed
b. an event occurring after the behavior is performed
c. a and b
d. none of the above
Q:
What kind of prompt is being used in the following example: Miss Clark holds Melissa's hand to cross the street.a. Modelingb. Physical Guidancec. Verbal Promptd. Visual Prompt
Q:
Mr. Williams wants to know if using a number line or counting chips would be more effective when teaching addition to James. The most appropriate design to use is:a. alternating treatments designb. multiple baseline designc. changing criterion designd. none of the above
Q:
"Jack can"t learn because he has Down syndrome" is an example of what explanation of behavior?
a. biophysical explanation
b. developmental explanation
c. cognitive explanation
d. behavioral explanation
Q:
What kind of prompt is being used in the following example: Mr. Kelly posts the homework assignment directions on the board for his math class.a. Modelingb. Physical Guidancec. Visual promptd. Verbal Prompt
Q:
The single subject design which allows comparison of more than one treatment or intervention is the:
a. multiple baseline design
b. reversal design
c. alternating treatments design
d. none of the above
Q:
Pairing stimuli so that an unconditioned stimulus elicits a response is known as all of the following EXCEPT:a. Pavlovianb. classicalc. respondent conditioningd. shaping
Q:
A _____ is an additional stimulus that increases the probability that an SD will occasion the desired response.a. Conceptb. Reinforcerc. Consequenced. Prompt
Q:
Michael counts on his fingers in order to answer arithmetic computation problems. The teacher wants to wean him off this crutch. She gives him, consecutively, various assistance strategies of lessening the concrete nature of his prompt. The most appropriate design for this example is:a. changing criterion designb. AB designc. reversal designd. changing conditions design
Q:
The focus of the behavioral approach is:
a. observing and predicting
b. facilitating behavior change
c. recording and verifying aberrant behaviors
d. all of the above
Q:
A ______ is a class of stimuli that have characteristics in common.
a. Prompt hierarchy
b. Shape
c. SD
d. Concept
Q:
It takes Karen 30 minutes to complete 20 multiplication examples. Her teacher wants this reduced to 15 minutes. The most appropriate design for this example is:a. reversal designb. multiple baseline designc. changing criterion designd. AB design
Q:
To the behaviorist, punishment occurs only when:
a. the preceding behavior decreases
b. the preceding behavior increases
c. both a and b
d. neither a or b
Q:
The principle of discrimination associated with positive reinforcement isa. Sb. SDc. SR+d. SR-
Q:
The experimental design that would be most appropriate for systematically increasing the number of workbook pages completed by a student is:a. alternating treatments designb. changing criterion designc. AB designd. changing conditions design
Q:
A relationship among events in which the rate of a behavior's occurrence increases when some environmental condition is removed is:
a. differential reinforcement
b. reinforcement
c. positive reinforcement
d. negative reinforcement
Q:
Which of the following is an example of an SΔ?
a. Whenever Mrs. Marcott is in the room, she ignores James when he yells out answers.
b. Amanda knows that Mr. Stevens will pay attention to her if she uses profanity.
c. Coly learned that when he answers his ringing phone, he more than likely gets to talk to one of his friends.
d. All of the above.
Q:
Ms. Markham is concerned about Peter's arithmetic computation and work completion behaviors. The appropriate design for use in this instance is:a. changing criterion designb. changing conditions designc. reversal designd. multiple baseline design
Q:
A genuine scientific explanation must:
a. be inclusive of all behaviors
b. predict one behavior to the exclusion of all other behaviors
c. a and b
d. none of the above
Q:
____________ is defined as differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a specific target behavior.a. Shapingb. Modelingc. Behavioral chainingd. SD
Q:
A teacher measured Jane's out of seat behavior during reading, music, and math periods. The appropriate design for use in this instance was:a. multiple baseline designb. alternating treatments designc. reversal designd. changing criterion design
Q:
Information concerning a child's brain damage:a. can be useful in the teacher's selection of behavior management techniquesb. helps teachers determine who should be in school and who should notc. can cause teachers to have low expectations of students and give them excuses not to teachd. none of the above