Q&A Hero

Q: The goal of behavior analysts is to __________ the number of options available to people. a. decrease b. neutralize c. increase d. limit

Q: All of the following refer to maintenance EXCEPT: a. resistance to extinction b. behavioral perspective c. durability d. transfer of training

Q: Setting events refer to the climate within which the behavior and the contingency occur.

Q: Aversive or exclusionary procedures may create problems in ALL BUT ONE of the following ways: a. their misuse is common and often defined by the users as behavior modification b. their use is always appropriate when administered by professionals c. their use causes more concern than other behavioral procedures d. all of the above

Q: All of the following refer to the process of generalization EXCEPT: a. transfer of learning b. stimulus generalization c. behavioral perspective d. A and C only

Q: Functional assessment is a strategy of manipulating the student's environment and observing the effect on his or her behavior.

Q: __________ refers only to procedures derived from experimental analysis of human behavior. a. cognitive modification b. behavior modification c. systematic analysis d. all of the above

Q: Miss Kennedy wants Oliver to learn the skills necessary to successfully participate in a job interview. She provides simulated training opportunities with Oliver that incorporate the same questions an interviewer would ask and the same environmental configuration. In addition, she has Oliver wear the outfit he will wear to his interview. Which technique for promoting generalization is Miss Kennedy using with Oliver?a. Program common stimulib. Train looselyc. Train sufficient exemplarsd. Use indiscriminable contingencies

Q: When replacing an inappropriate behavior with one that is appropriate, the new behavior must serve the same function as the old.

Q: Applied Behavior Analysis refers only to procedures derived from the experimental analysis of human behavior.

Q: "Using Sufficient Exemplars" is similar to "Sequential modification" in that: a. Change is targeted and assessed with settings, individuals, or activities in which NO intervention has taken place. b. Change is targeted and assessed with settings, individuals or activities in which intervention HAS taken place. c. The same techniques that successfully changed behavior in one setting are applied to all settings where the target behavior is desirable. d. None of the above

Q: Jack dislikes math. He throws his pencil across the room and is sent to the principal's office. This consequence allows him to escape math. Jack is positively reinforced for throwing his pencil.

Q: Voluntary consent implies publication of goals, procedures, and results so that they may be evaluated

Q: A behavior that lends itself to trapping includes: a. Grooming skills b. Social skills c. Communication skills d. All of the above

Q: Informal assessment is the most effective way to gather data for a functional analysis.

Q: It may be necessary to eliminate or reduce the rate of some student behaviors

Q: Initially, Isabel is taught to use her augmentative communication system to indicate it's time for lunch when prompted by the teacher and when she feels hunger. Through instruction over time and withdrawal of the teacher's verbal prompt, Isabel now independently indicates it's time for lunch when her stomach begins growling. This is an example of what generalization technique?a. Sequentially modifyb. Train looselyc. Mediate generalizationd. Introduce to naturally maintaining contingencies

Q: Typical students are always appropriate models for students with disabilities.

Q: Consent that ensures voluntary participation in behavior change programs must be both voluntary and considered socially valid.

Q: The design associated with sequential modification is: a. Multiple baseline design b. Reversal design c. Changing conditions design d. Alternating treatment design

Q: An analysis of a problem behavior's function is necessary for the selection of the most effective treatment procedures.

Q: Applied Behavior Analysis is used to define the systematic methods employed for behavior change taught in this course

Q: Jennifer learns to discriminate between hot and cold by operating the sink controls in the science lab. She has maintained 100% accuracy on this skill over several weeks. When she has to wash her hands in the restroom at Burger Barn next week, it is anticipated that she will independently use the water controls. The generalization technique being used here is:a. Train Looselyb. Train and Hopec. Use Indiscriminable Contingenciesd. Program Common Stimuli

Q: It is unethical to eliminate a behavior if an individual lacks an alternative behavior to serve that behavior's function.

Q: It is unethical for teachers to arbitrarily decide what to teach students to do or stop doing.

Q: __________ refers to the tendency of a learned behavior to occur after programmed contingencies have been withdrawn.a. Response maintenanceb. Stimulus generalizationc. Acquisitiond. Response generalization

Q: A behavior's function is determined by its topography.

Q: Informed consent is based on full understanding of all aspects of a planned program, including possible risks.

Q: How do generalization objectives differ from acquisition objectives? a. The conditions under which the behavior to be performed differs. b. Differences in the criteria defined for performance c. Differences in behavior targeted for change d. a and b only

Q: Discuss how percent of overlap is calculated when conducting a visual analysis of data.

Q: It is not ethical to assure parents that if a procedure is used, their child will no longer require placement in a special class.

Q: Which procedure is NOT necessarily the best to use for promoting generalization? a. Delaying the delivery of reinforcers b. Intermittent reinforcement c. Use of a thin schedule of reinforcement d. A continuous schedule of reinforcement

Q: Discuss how single subject designs are evaluated through visual analysis of data.

Q: Suppressing behaviors such as whistling and laughing while in school is ethical if it helps to establish "law and order" in the classroom.

Q: Which of the following is another term for "training loosely?" a. Naturalistic teaching b. Minimal intervention c. Incidental teaching d. All of the above.

Q: Discuss some of the advantages and limitations to the changing conditions design.

Q: It is unethical to exclude any student from the regular classroom regardless of its positive or negative effects.

Q: Mr. Hawkins wants Abel to learn to purchase a newspaper from a newspaper vending machine. Over two weeks, Abel purchases newspapers from four different newspaper machines. This is an example of what generalization technique?a. Train looselyb. Train sufficient exemplarsc. Sequentially modifyd. Train to generalize

Q: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to using a multiple baseline design.

Q: Behavior analysis has the power to remove the ability of the individual to choose alternative responses.

Q: The Relevance of Behavior Rule states that: a. If teachers can generate behaviors that are reinforced by the natural environment, a situation equivalent to catching a mouse in a trap will be created. b. The more relevant the behavior, the more likely the student will be to acquire the behavioral skill. c. There is seldom a behavior that is performed exactly the same way in exactly the same place. d. It is not always necessary to employ identical procedures to obtain stimulus generalization or maintenance.

Q: Discuss the difference between a teaching design and a research design.

Q: Research has shown that when positive reinforcement is used, intrinsic motivation is decreased.

Q: Ms. Coulter was successful using a token reinforcement system with Jordan to decrease his inappropriate behaviors in her class. Mr. Johnson is now going to implement the same token system in his class in hopes that Jordan's behavior will improve. This is an example of what generalization technique?a. Train looselyb. Sequentially modifyc. Introduce to naturally maintaining contingenciesd. Mediate generalization

Q: Describe the purpose of baseline measures.

Q: The term "behavior modification" refers ONLY to procedures derived from the experimental analysis of human behavior.

Q: A driver is taught to push the accelerator when the traffic light turns green. While at work, she opens the dishwasher door, only when the light turns green. This is an example of:a. Stimulus generalizationb. Response maintenancec. Behavioral persistenced. Response generalization

Q: Why are experimental designs important in applied behavior analysis?

Q: Behavioral approaches are less difficult to implement than most other procedures.

Q: ___________ occurs when a response that has been trained in a specific setting with a specific instructor occurs in a different setting or with a different instructor.a. Response maintenanceb. Stimulus generalizationc. Acquisitiond. Response Generalization

Q: Pose a question for which you would select an alternating treatments design to determine the answer.

Q: "Humanists" often perceive any systematic effort to change behavior as coercive and inhumane.

Q: In mediating generalization, students may be taught to: a. recognize reinforcers in the environment b. monitor and report on their own behavior generalization c. recruits reinforcers which may be available d. responds to specific discriminative stimuli in multiple environments

Q: Draw a single subject design with hypothetical data and indicate where one would focus in order to determine whether a functional relationship exists.

Q: Define and give an example of modeling.

Q: Students may be trained to be reinforced by generalization as a response class. This is described as:a. programming common stimulib. general case programmingc. training to generalized. training sufficient exemplars

Q: The following data describe the number of problems on a page of 20 done correctly. Graph the baseline and determine whether or not it is stable: 13, 8, 16, 5, and 15.

Q: What is meant by stimulus control?

Q: Training of stimuli observed in both training and generalization settings is best described as: a. use of indiscriminable contingencies b. common stimuli programming c. training loosely d. train and hope methodology

Q: Define a functional relation.

Q: List three qualifications research must have in order to be considered Applied Behavior Analysis.

Q: The use of indiscriminable contingencies takes advantage of: a. sameness and difference in discriminative stimuli b. naturally occurring reinforcers c. continuous reinforcement to maintain behaviors d. intermittent reinforcement to maintain behaviors

Q: Which design examines an intervention across settings? a. reversal b. multielement c. AB d. multiple baseline

Q: What is meant by extinguishing a behavior?

Q: A student learns the concept of "red" through training on a continuum of red colored items as well as blue and green items. The teacher has used:a. general case programmingb. training loosely methodologyc. train and hope methodologyd. indiscriminable contingencies

Q: _______________ refers to the magnitude and direction of the change in data from the end of one phase to the beginning of the next phase.a. Change in meanb. Level of performancec. Trend in performanced. Percentage of overlap

Q: ____________ is the process of using successive approximations to teach a new behavior or skill. a. stimulus control b. shaping c. modeling d. generalization

Q: In using general case programming: a. single instances of stimuli are identified and used in training b. multiple instances of stimuli are identified and used in training c. a range of stimuli showing sameness and difference are identified and used in training d. a range of stimuli showing difference only are identified and used in training

Q: The design depicted here is known as:a. Changing criterion designb. Alternating Treatments designc. Changing conditions designd. Reversal design

Q: Which of the following theorists is credited with classical conditioning? a. B.F. Skinner b. Jean Piaget c. Ivan Pavlov d. none of the above

Q: Facilitation of transfer and maintenance of behaviors to reinforcement contingencies in the natural environment may be facilitated by:a. training students to avoid interfering reinforcers availableb. avoiding behaviors that are subject to trappingc. teaching students to recognize reinforcement when givend. training in a single natural environment

Q: Mr. Mason is working with Jacy to increase the number of pizza boxes she folds during her first thirty minutes at the pizza shop during her vocational instruction. She currently folds an average of 15 boxes during a 30- minute period. Mr. Mason would like to increase this number to 100. What would be the most appropriate research design to use?a. Changing Criterion Designb. Multiple Baseline Designc. Alternating Treatment Designd. Changing Conditions Design

Q: Theorists who explain human behavior based on physical influences employ which of the following explanations? a. cognitive b. biophysical c. cognitive d. behavioral

Q: In mediating generalization, students are taught to monitor and report their own generalization of appropriate behavior.

Q: What do researchers need before they can say that a functional relation is demonstrated? a. Prediction b. Verification of prediction c. Replication of effect d. All of the above

Q: Circumstances which temporarily alter the power of a reinforcer are known as _________.a. modelsb. negative reinforcersc. setting eventsd. positive reinforcers

Q: Choosing behaviors to change that will be maintained by the natural environment apply to the Premack Principle Rule.

Q: The ABAB design is also known as the a. Multiple Baseline Design b. Changing Criterion Design c. Alternating Treatment Design d. Reversal Design

Q: Operant behaviors are ______ voluntarily, whereas respondent behaviors are ________ by stimuli.a. elicited, occasionedb. emitted, elicitedc. occasioned, emittedd. none of the above

Q: At times a programmed change in a target behavior will result in a change in a similar response class of behaviors.