Q&A Hero

Q: When President Wilson left the United States to attend the peace conference in Paris he __________. A) garnered respect from the Republicans in Congress B) was the first U.S. president to leave American territory while in office C) assured American involvement in and acceptance of the League of Nations D) had to take great precautions because of the Spanish flu epidemic

Q: Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points included which of the following? A) freedom of the seas B) ending European imperialism C) world disarmament D) industrial development of the Third World

Q: What was President Wilson's plan for a lasting peace after the Great War known as? A) the Fourteen Points B) the Versailles Plan C) the League of Nations D) the Peace Without Victory Plan

Q: In their greatest engagement of the war in September 1918, despite the heavy loss of 120,000 casualties, American troops won the Battle of __________. A) Belleau Wood B) Chateau-Thierry C) Verdun D) Argonne Forest

Q: Which of the following best describes the impact of the armistice of November 11, 1918? A) Although it ended the fighting on the western front, it continued in the east. B) The fighting ended, but the German monarchy was still stable on its foundation. C) The fighting ended, but the shape of the postwar world remained unclear. D) The end of the fighting also established a new world order for European empires and their colonies.

Q: Which general commanded the American Expeditionary Force? A) John J. Pershing B) Arthur MacArthur C) Newton D. Baker D) George C. Marshall

Q: How did most black Americans react to the Great War? A) with cynicism about the irony of a racist society fighting to make the world safe for democracy B) with optimism that if winning the war made the world safe for democracy, they would be better off as well C) with delight that the armed forces were desegregated D) with disgust for a "white man's war" which did not concern them

Q: The Great War triggered a major movement of __________. A) farmers to urban centers B) urbanites to rural communities C) southern blacks to northern cities D) European immigrants to the United States

Q: Which former presidential candidate was sentenced to ten years in prison under the Sedition Act for making an antiwar speech? A) George Creel B) Henry Cabot Lodge C) Robert La Follette D) Eugene V. Debs

Q: During the Great War, mere criticism of the government became cause for arrest and imprisonment under the __________ Act. A) Espionage B) Sedition C) Trading-with-the-Enemies D) Homeland Security

Q: During the Great War, who were most often suspected of disloyalty? A) German Americans B) Chinese Americans C) Italian Americans D) Japanese Americans

Q: Who was the head of the Committee on Public Information, which portrayed Germany as determined to dominate the world? A) Bernard Baruch B) Herbert Hoover C) Fritz Kreisler D) George Creel

Q: During the Great War, the federal government asked citizens to do which of the following? A) Continue vigorous consumer spending. B) Invest in the stock market. C) Increase domestic food consumption. D) Buy "Victory" and "Liberty" bonds.

Q: What happened to farm income during the Great War? A) It dropped. B) It increased slightly. C) It rose dramatically. D) It failed to keep up with inflation.

Q: Who was the former mining engineer and head of the Belgian Relief Commission whom Wilson named to mobilize America's agricultural resources? A) William Jennings Bryan B) Herbert Hoover C) William G. McAdoo D) Frank P. Walsh

Q: What happened as a result of Wilson's mobilization of the home front in the war? A) The government's regulation of the economy was extensive. B) It was so ineffective that America failed to aid the Allied forces in time to prevent their defeat. C) There was virtually no cooperation between business and the military. D) The government totally deregulated the economy in order to unleash the productive forces of free enterprise.

Q: What was the alliance between leaders in the military and in business, the foundation of which was laid by President Wilson during World War I, known as? A) the Iron Triangle B) the military requirement C) the industrial-military complex D) the mobilization effort

Q: During the Great War, which government agency had almost dictatorial powers to allocate scarce materials and fix prices? A) United States Railroad Administration B) Council of National Defense C) War Industries Board D) War Labor Policies Board

Q: As a wartime leader, Wilson was which of the following? A) too idealistic and unrealistic B) lucky that America was so well prepared for war C) uncompromising and blundering D) forceful and inspiring

Q: When the United States entered the Great War, from a military point of view, the country was __________. A) lacking both a standing army and navy B) poorly prepared C) extremely well prepared D) lacking an adequate navy, although the army was first-rate and well-equipped

Q: What likely would have happened if the United States had not entered the Great War? A) The Central Powers would have won in 1918. B) There would have been a negotiated settlement because of the mutual exhaustion of both sides. C) The Bolshevik revolution would have succeeded in spreading to the rest of Europe. D) Germany would have invaded England.

Q: Which of the following is true about Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis? A) He spoke out publicly against American involvement in World War I. B) His German origins made him so unpopular that he had to withdraw from the court. C) He was an advanced progressive and the first Jewish justice in American history. D) As Wilson's secretary of state he had protested Wilson's stand against Germany, which led to his forced resignation and appointment to the court.

Q: In February 1917, the United States learned of the Zimmermann Telegram in which __________. A) Germany offered Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona to the Mexicans in return for going to war against the United States B) Mexico requested Germany's help in conquering the Southwest of the United States C) Germany offered Francisco "Pancho" Villa political asylum D) Mexico offered Germany military assistance for the defeat of its archenemy France

Q: What was the leading issue in the presidential election of 1916? A) Wilson's inept efforts at domestic reform B) American policy toward the warring powers C) government regulation of business D) child-labor legislation

Q: In wooing the progressives in the election of 1916, Wilson did which of the following? A) put into effect almost every important plank of the 1912 Progressive platform B) chose Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate C) appointed well-known progressive Felix Frankfurter to the Supreme Court D) continued to oppose "class legislation" which favored "special interests"

Q: What happened after the German sinking of a French channel steamer in March 1916? A) The United States declared war on Germany. B) The Americans protested, and the Germans pledged to stop attacks on merchant ships without warning. C) The Americans protested and the Germans responded by sinking the Lusitania. D) Wilson came to believe the United States should enter the war but was convinced by Theodore Roosevelt to remain neutral.

Q: Which of the following statements about the sinking of the Lusitania is true? A) Many British were shocked and outraged when the American liner was torpedoed and almost 1,200 people died. B) The attack led to an international crisis and Germany vowed afterwards to abandon its unpopular naval blockade of Britain. C) The German government had published warnings in American newspapers which stated that the Lusitania would be subject to an attack D) Germany followed the sinking of the Lusitania with a declaration of war on the United States.

Q: Wilson's policy of holding the Germans to "strict accountability" for any American losses resulting from violations of freedom of the seas __________. A) did not reflect most Americans' neutrality B) was strongly opposed by Secretary of State Bryan C) was supported by his demands for greatly increased military appropriations D) was consistent with international law

Q: What was the effect of the Great War upon the American economy from 1914 to 1916? A) Because of Wilson's embargo, there was almost no effect. B) Trade with the Central Powers almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Allies fell to a trickle. C) Because of Wilson's embargo, the economy suffered a severe recession. D) Trade with the Allies almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Central Powers almost disappeared.

Q: What most influenced American attitudes towards the two sides in the Great War? A) German propaganda B) conflicts over freedom of the seas C) British propaganda D) Wilson's militarism

Q: Why did many Americans favor neutrality during the Great War? A) They believed the Central Powers were going to be victorious within the first six months. B) Over two-thirds of all Americans were either first- or second-generation immigrants. C) They believed the Allies were going to win the war within the first six months. D) Americans traditionally feared entanglement in European affairs.

Q: At the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, the Allied Powers included which of the following? A) Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turkey, and Germany B) Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany C) the United States, Great Britain, and France D) Great Britain, France, and Russia

Q: What event precipitated the Great War? A) The Austrians launched a massive offensive across Serbia in order to outflank and surprise Russia. B) Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. C) The French invaded Germany to seek revenge for their humiliation in the Franco-Prussian War. D) The French and the Germans were unable to reach a peaceful settlement in their dispute over control of the Alsace-Lorraine region.

Q: In 1916, U.S. troops commanded by General John J. Pershing did which of the following/ A) had their first combat experience in France B) landed in Britain to prepare for the invasion of Western Europe C) launched a surprise assault on the Dominican Republic after it defaulted on its foreign debt D) invaded Mexico to capture Francisco "Pancho" Villa

Q: After Victoriano Huerta fled from power, President Wilson made a mistake regarding his policy toward Mexico. What was it? A) He maintained strict neutrality. B) He supported the provisionary government because of their commitment to social reform. C) He landed the marines at Vera Cruz to restore stability. D) He supported one of Huerta's generals, Francisco "Pancho" Villa.

Q: Wilson became deeply involved in Mexican politics in response to the reactionary General __________, who led the 1913 coup and had his former chief murdered. A) Francisco Madera B) Adolfo Diaz C) Francisco Villa D) Victoriano Huerta

Q: Which of the following best describes Woodrow Wilson? A) an idealistic president set out to furnish a more moral foreign policy B) a pragmatist whose foreign policy decisions were led by what is possible C) an isolationist who resented European empires and feared that the United States might follow their lead D) an internationalist who was eager to offer the Philippines statehood and make the United States a global nation

Q: What was President Wilson's basic approach to foreign relations? A) He favored aggressive military expansion by America. B) He thought the Open Door policy and the Panama Canal should be abandoned as imperialistic. C) He wanted to spread the gospel of American democracy to enlighten the unfortunate and ignorant. D) He demonstrated a hard-headed, almost cynical, realism.

Q: Why did peace overseas lead to conflict and strife at home in the Red Scare? Explain.

Q: How did Woodrow Wilson's ambitions for world peace fare at the peace treaty negotiations of Versailles?

Q: What role did American troops play in the European theater of war in 1918?

Q: How did the federal government infringe on citizens' civil liberties during World War I?

Q: Explain why the United States entered World War I.

Q: What was the most significant result of the Senate's failure to ratify the Versailles Treaty? A) the creation of a powerful campaign issue for the Democrats B) the decision by Wilson to seek reelection C) the rejection of effective world government D) the loss of the possibility of world peace

Q: The results of the presidential election of 1920 reflected most Americans' __________. A) support of the League of Nations B) dislike of the Lodge Reservations C) continuing faith in Woodrow Wilson D) rejection of reform and idealism

Q: Attorney General __________ ruthlessly suppressed radicals in the 1919"1920 red scare. A) A. Mitchell Palmer B) J. Edgar Hoover C) Oliver Wendell Holmes D) Calvin Coolidge

Q: The work of radicals in the labor movement led to which of the following? A) the belief by many Americans that unions were associated with communism B) harmony in the industrial workforce for the first time since the Great War C) increased participation in unions by all major industries D) the development of collective bargaining

Q: Which of the following was one reason why the U.S. Senate failed to ratify the Versailles Treaty? A) the refusal of both Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge to compromise B) the conflict between the treaty and the Monroe Doctrine C) the uncompromising opposition of the "irreconcilables" D) the failure of the treaty to include a League of Nations

Q: Due in large part to the __________, the U.S. Congress, after great debate, voted down the Treaty of Versailles. A) War Aims and Peace Proposals B) Irreconcilables Pledge C) Fourteen Points D) Lodge Reservations

Q: What prompted President Woodrow Wilson to go on a nationwide speaking tour in September 1919? A) He was campaigning on behalf of Democrats seeking reelection in midterm elections. B) He was hoping to convince Americans to ratify the Versailles Treaty at their annual conventions. C) He was hoping to rally popular support for the Versailles Treaty after the Senate had failed to ratify it. D) He was trying to recruit more volunteers for the war effort.

Q: Who was the leader of the Republican opposition in the Senate to Wilson's League of Nations? A) William G. McAdoo B) Newton D. Baker C) Henry Cabot Lodge D) Warren G. Harding

Q: Wilson believed that any weaknesses in the Versailles Treaty could be overcome by which of the following? A) Senate amendments B) the World Court C) the League of Nations D) the Lodge Reservations

Q: How did American liberals who took Wilson's pre-treaty statements literally react to the treaty that Wilson brought home from Paris? A) They were dismayed by its rejection of the League of Nations. B) They approved of its absolute commitment to the principle of self-determination. C) They agreed with forcing Germany to accept responsibility for causing war. D) They were abysmally disappointed by what they considered a betrayal of Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Q: The peace settlement reached at the Paris conference of 1919 was called the __________ Treaty. A) Tuileries Garden B) Chartres C) League of Nations D) Versailles

Q: Why did the United States want to build an Empire in the Pacific?

Q: How did the United States obtain the Panama Canal?

Q: Why did many Americans oppose annexation of the Philippines?

Q: Why do you think Secretary of State John Hay described the Spanish-American conflict as a "splendid little war?"

Q: How did Americans justify their own adventures in imperialism?

Q: By the beginning of World War I, how did most Americans view their role in the world? A) They had rejected the isolationism of earlier generations. B) They were keenly aware of the implications of extending American influence into underdeveloped nations. C) They did as they wanted in foreign affairs, unlimited by any rational analysis of the probable consequences. D) They had a sophisticated understanding of the implications of America's new status as a world power.

Q: How can the United States be described on the eve of World War I? A) world power B) marginal regional power C) major, but rapidly declining, world power D) an economic world power with no political influence

Q: The American foreign policy of trying to penetrate underdeveloped areas economically without the problem of governing them was __________. A) successful because it supported broad-based economic development B) foolish because it did not maximize the profits of American companies overseas C) far-sighted in its sensitivity to different social and cultural patterns D) self-defeating because it was not supported by local people

Q: American statesmen who pursued a foreign policy of imperialism without colonies __________. A) were essentially greedy, thinking only of increasing profits by overseas expansion without any regard for the consequences of the people being exploited B) refused to accept their proper role in world affairs as a major power C) genuinely, but incorrectly, believed that they were exporting democracy along with capitalism and industrialization D) were totally undirected and unfocused with virtually no goals

Q: How can American imperialism in the post"Spanish-American War era be described? A) short in duration B) steadily increasing C) non-existent D) long-lasting

Q: What did President Taft called his policy of influencing other countries without actually controlling them? A) dollar diplomacy B) gunboat diplomacy C) containment D) domino theory

Q: When did the Panama Canal open for ship traffic? A) during the Spanish-American War B) on the eve of World War I C) in the 1920s D) after World War II

Q: After recognizing the new Republic of Panama, Secretary Hay negotiated a treaty that gave the United States control over a ten-mile wide Canal Zone for what length of time? A) 25years B) 50 years and a day C) 100 years D) perpetuity

Q: In order to build the Panama Canal on the terms he wanted, President Roosevelt intervened militarily to aid the Panamanian revolt against which country? A) Nicaragua B) Honduras C) Colombia D) El Salvador

Q: What was Roosevelt's response when Panama revolted against Colombia? A) He dispatched the cruiser Nashville to Panama to help Colombia quell the revolt. B) He stayed neutral even though he supported Panama. C) He ordered the cruiser Nashville to Panama to prevent Colombia from subduing the revolution. D) He stayed neutral even though he supported Columbia.

Q: How did President Hayes respond to the French attempts to build a canal across the isthmus of Panama? A) He laughed, knowing they could never accomplish this. B) He was chagrined that the United States had lost the opportunity. C) He was happy to see the French build the canal, but planned to annex it afterwards. D) He warned that the United States would not permit a European power to control the waterway.

Q: Which of the following occurred in the "Gentlemen's Agreement" negotiated by Roosevelt in 1907? A) The main issues of the Russo-Japanese War were peacefully settled. B) China promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America. C) Chinese immigration was severely restricted. D) Japan promised not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in America.

Q: At the turn of the twentieth century, the so-called Boxer Rebellion took place in which country? A) Japan B) China C) the Philippines D) Cuba

Q: What did the Open Door policy ask? A) It requested China to grant the United States exclusive and unrestricted access to its markets. B) It demanded China open negotiations over which the European empire would obtain exclusive trading rights. C) It asked European empires to respect all nation's trading rights in China. D) It asked European empires to abandon their trade relations in China by the end of the century.

Q: The Open Door policy attempted to preserve the chances for American business to enter which markets? A) Indian B) Japanase C) Central American D) Chinese

Q: Who was the principle architect of America's Open Door policy? A) John Hay B) Alfred Thayer Mahan C) Richard Olney D) Theodore Roosevelt

Q: When Venezuela refused to honor debts to European nations and Britain and Germany imposed a naval blockade of that country, the United States __________. A) joined the military powers to secure its debts as well B) pressured Europeans to arbitrate the dispute C) threatened the Europeans with war if they were not to withdraw their navies D) provided secret assistance and military supplies to its Central American ally

Q: Early in the twentieth century, the United States announced that it must "exercise . . . an international police power" in the Western Hemisphere in which of the following? A) Teller Amendment B) Platt Amendment C) "Open Door" policy D) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Q: Which of the following occurred under the Platt Amendment? A) America promised it would not acquire the Philippines as a result of the Spanish-American War. B) Cuba was forced to promise to grant naval bases to America and to avoid treaties with any foreign power which might compromise its independence. C) America promised to grant independence to the Philippines by 1925. D) Cuba promised to allow American businesses to do as they wished.

Q: In 1900, the United States insisted that the constitution of __________ grant America naval bases and authorize American intervention whenever necessary to protect life, property, and individual liberty. A) the Philippines B) Puerto Rico C) Cuba D) Panama

Q: What was the Supreme Court ruling in what become known as the "insular cases"? A) Congress was not bound to follow the Constitution in legislating for colonies. B) Colonies could never become states. C) Congress must follow the Constitution when legislating for colonies. D) Annexation of the Philippines was unconstitutional.