Q&A Hero

Q: The mission of the Spanish Armada was to ________. A) suppress a revolt in the Netherlands B) defend Queen Elizabeth I of England against challenges to her rule C) defeat Queen Elizabeth I and make England a Catholic country D) replace Queen Elizabeth I with Mary Queen of Scots E) get revenge against the English for their seizure of Spanish treasure galleons

Q: The English monarch responsible for quieting religious conflict and strengthening England in the face of Spanish power was ________. A) Henry VII B) Henry VIII C) Elizabeth I D) Mary Tudor E) James I

Q: What sixteenth-century European upheaval had a profound impact upon England's settlement of the New World? A) the Crusades B) the War of the Roses C) the Reformation D) the Hundred Years' War E) the Renaissance

Q: Which of the following was NOT a feature of the French experience in the New World? A) the fur trade B) Samuel de Champlain C) encomiendas D) coureurs de bois E) lack of royal support for colonizing efforts

Q: The financial success of the French empire in North America depended upon the ________. A) fur trade B) complete annihilation of the Native American tribes in Canada C) discovery of huge amounts of gold D) establishment of plantations E) withdrawal of the Spanish

Q: In their relations with the Native Americans, the French ________. A) were as interested in Christian conversion as the Spanish B) cultivated close cooperation in order to sustain their fur trade C) were ruthless in their treatment of the Native Americans D) drove Indians from their lands in order to set up plantations E) were at a distinct disadvantage

Q: The first French explorers were ________. A) interested in finding the mythical "northwest passage" to China B) determined to find gold and silver C) eager to Christianize the Native Americans D) ruthless and exploitive of the native peoples E) considered stupid by the Native Americans

Q: Most Spanish colonists were ________. A) members of wealthy families B) more racially tolerant than their English counterparts C) unconcerned about economic opportunities D) unwilling to have contact with native groups E) unusually racist for their time

Q: From its beginnings, Spain regarded her New World domain as primarily a(n) ________. A) provider of gold and silver B) place to send exiled Moors and Jews C) opportunity to further promote the Catholic faith D) source of cheap Native American labor to be used on Spanish estates E) place to establish penal colonies

Q: Before his attacks on the Aztecs, Hernn Corts was ________. A) an accomplished ship captain B) a civil servant in Cuba C) a wealthy aristocrat D) a seasoned diplomat E) unconcerned about his public image

Q: In order to better control the conquistadors in the New World, the Spanish government created ________. A) the Inquisition B) the hacienda C) the encomienda D) the missions E) colonial governments

Q: The men largely responsible for Spain's conquest of the New World were known as ________. A) conquistadores B) coureurs de bois C) "Sea Dogs" D) pirates E) encomenderos

Q: The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 resulted in ________. A) war between Spain and Portugal B) Portuguese control of what would become Brazil C) English control of what is now Canada D) French control of Martinique E) the withdrawal of the Spanish from the New World

Q: At the time of Columbus's first voyage in 1492, ________. A) most educated Europeans believed the earth was flat B) no European nation had any interest in exploration C) most educated Europeans knew the world was round D) no one thought he would find anything E) the Catholic Church condemned this kind of exploration

Q: Columbus was originally determined to prove that ________. A) a westward water route to China existed B) the world was not flat C) the continents of North and South America existed D) the lost continent of Atlantis was actually part of South America E) the world was smaller than scientists believed at the time

Q: The Portuguese explored West Africa searching for ________. A) lands to settle B) spices and timber C) converts to Christianity D) slaves and gold E) land for a convict colony

Q: The first European nation to establish contact with sub-Saharan Africa was ________. A) France B) Italy C) the Netherlands D) Portugal E) Spain

Q: In the Columbian Exchange, the Old World and the New exchanged ________. A) animal, plant, and microbial life forms B) technologies C) religious beliefs D) political systems E) trade goods

Q: The single greatest factor that caused the destruction of Native Americans after contact with Europeans was ________. A) warfare B) planned genocide C) disease D) loss of farmland E) enslavement

Q: What Indians desired most, upon encountering Europeans, was ________. A) cultural enlightenment B) victims for human sacrifice rituals C) religious instruction D) allies to help them defeat their enemies E) commercial relations

Q: The Atlantic tribal group with whom the English had the most contact were ________. A) Algonquian speakers B) Mayan C) Apache D) Sioux E) Cherokee

Q: The people who occupied the valley of Mexico when the Spanish arrived were the ________. A) Mayas B) Apaches C) Aztecs D) Incas E) Toltecs

Q: Which of the following revolutionized early Native American cultures? A) the discovery of hunting B) the development of agriculture C) tribal political alliances D) the emergence of a written language E) the domestication of the horse

Q: The most significant factor that led large numbers of nomadic hunters to enter the heart of North America was ________. A) the domestication of horses B) global warming C) population growth D) rising water levels E) a mass extinction of large mammals in Europe

Q: Despite Clinton's presidential victory of 1996, the Republicans remained in control of ________.

Q: While in office, President Clinton secured passage of a ___________ that curtailed the production and ownership of assault weapons.

Q: President Clinton failed to enact _________reform during his time in office.

Q: Ross Perot captured __________ percent of the popular vote in the 1996 presidential election.

Q: In November 1993, President Bill Clinton signed the __________, linking the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

Q: In 2005, a devastating ___________ struck New Orleans and the Gulf Coast.

Q: By mid-2006, the approval rating of President George W. Bush had sank to ________ percent.

Q: The 2006 Congressional elections witnessed many Americans disturbed by the _____in Iraq.

Q: In 2004, George W. Bush defeated ___________, a Vietnam War hero and senator from Massachusetts.

Q: In 1996, President Bill Clinton defeated __________, the Senate minority leader.

Q: The presidential election of ___________was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.

Q: In 1994, Republicans in Congress introduced the ________to scale back the role of the federal government.

Q: In 2008, the nation elected____________, the first black president of the United States.

Q: By early 2008, the American death toll in Iraq had surpassed __________ people.

Q: The war against _______________did not receive United Nations support when it began in 2003.

Q: In early 2002, President __________ made his famous "axis of evil" speech, which inflamed American relations with the Muslim world.

Q: The leader of the al Qaeda terrorist network__________ masterminded the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States.

Q: Approximately _________ people perished in the New York City and Pentagon terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.

Q: On September 11, 2001, ________ hijacked airplanes slammed into the World Trade Center and Pentagon.

Q: In 1984, ________ became the first woman to be nominated by a major party as a vice presidential candidate.

Q: The beating of motorist ________ by the police in 1991 underscored the racial tensions in the United States during the 1990s.

Q: President Reagan, in an attempt to scuttle civil rights, launched an assault on the ________ Commission.

Q: President Reagan, under great pressure, extended the 1965 ________ Act.

Q: While many Native Americans remained poor, the ________ of Mississippi successfully gained tribal self-sufficiency.

Q: Latinos slowly extended their political gains as ________ became mayor of San Antonio.

Q: In 1981, President Reagan appointed ________ as the first woman Supreme Court justice.

Q: The Democratic presidential candidate in the election of 1984 was ________.

Q: Conservative politics enjoyed a revival during the 1980s and 1990s. Identify conservative goals and assess the impact conservative policies had on U.S. society.

Q: What was the American response to African struggles against apartheid in South Africa during the Reagan and Bush years?

Q: The Reagan and Bush administrations intervened on a number of occasions in Latin America. Where and why did they intervene? How would you evaluate their actions?

Q: Discuss the unsettling Middle Eastern events that the first Bush administration confronted.

Q: Discuss the changes that took place in U.S.-Soviet relations during the Reagan-Bush years.

Q: Discuss the issues of the post-industrial economy and include examples of their effects on the public.

Q: Suppose you were a social reformer during the Reagan and G.H.W. Bush administrations. Explain the situation as you saw it.

Q: During the Reagan-Bush era, the administration pursued a conservative agenda. Discuss its main social, political, and economic features.

Q: In 1985, full-time working women still earned only 59 cents for every dollar earned by men.

Q: Environmentalists were encouraged by the progressive environmental policies of Reagan and the first Bush presidencies.

Q: Despite gains made in the 1990s, Native Americans remained the poorest group in the nation.

Q: The Republican Party attacked the liberal welfare state during the Reagan administration.

Q: Republican policies in the 1980s supported the civil rights movement.

Q: During the presidential campaign of 1988, George H. W. Bush carefully avoided personal attacks on his opponent.

Q: The Moral Majority contributed funds to politicians who supported prayer in public schools and limitation of abortion rights.

Q: In 1992, President G.H.W. Bush refused to send a delegation to which of the following UN-sponsored conferences in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil? A) Kyoto Peace Conference B) Earth Summit C) Space Race D) Nuclear Arms Reduction

Q: Asian workers in Chinatowns in the United States A) included very few women. B) comprised a large proportion of the garment industry. C) rarely remained in the country longer than a few months. D) received high paying jobs.

Q: What problems did women face in the 1980s? A) They were subjected to sexual harassment. B) They earned less income than men for the same job. C) They remained concentrated in lower-paying jobs. D) All of the above.

Q: What city experienced a major riot in 1992? A) Chicago. B) Detroit. C) San Francisco. D) Los Angeles

Q: All of the following statements are accurate regarding the career of Jesse Jackson in the 1980s EXCEPT: A) He established the Rainbow Coalition in 1984 and ran for the presidency. B) He lost the bid for the Democratic nomination for president. C) In 1988 Jackson once again attempted to become the nominee, but failed. D) Jackson was not allowed to speak at Democratic party conventions during the decade.

Q: In 1988, Lauro Cavazos became the first A) Latino Cabinet official. B) Latino on the Supreme Court. C) Latino head of a major university. D) Latino head of the armed forces.

Q: Ada Deer, a Native American woman, served as Secretary of the A) Army. B) Navy. C) Interior. D) Treasury.

Q: In the 1980s, 37 percent of all immigrants came from A) Latin America. B) Africa. C) the Middle East. D) Asia.

Q: Which of the following Asian nations sent immigrants to the United States in the late twentieth century? A) India B) China C) Korea D) All of the above.

Q: The economic recession that confronted the American people from 1980 to 1982 A) affected only the Sun Belt states. B) affected only the upper classes. C) affected all classes equally. D) led to unemployment rates for African Americans that exceeded 25 percent.

Q: After the mid-1970s, American farms A) were caught in a cycle of overproduction, heavy indebtedness, and falling prices. B) were primarily family operations. C) were barely productive. D) did not suffer economically with the rest of the nation.

Q: During the 1980s, the trade union movement in the United States A) found strong support from Ronald Reagan. B) became more radical. C) had little success among public employees. D) declined in membership.

Q: The United States slipped from its position as the world's industrial leader mainly because of A) shrinking markets abroad. B) failure to train workers adequately. C) failure to invest sufficiently in its productive capacity. D) overconcentration on electronic industries.

Q: During the 1980s the gap between the wealthiest and poorest segments of American society A) reflected the different natural abilities of individuals. B) narrowed because of tax policies. C) increased greatly. D) was a matter of great concern to the administration.