Q&A Hero

Q: Quasi-experimental designs may employ what are termed equivalency control groups.

Q: Chapters 3 through 6 were dedicated to career development theory and its applications. One of these theories has come under fire, suggesting it has less utility for women. This theory was developed by a. Brown b. Lent c. Super d. Holland

Q: N=1 studies are quasi-experimental designs

Q: Mortimer and Johnson suggest that both boys and girls may benefit from participating in non-traditional careers. This idea is supported by SCCT studied in Chapter 5.

Q: Ethnographic studies are commonly used by program evaluators

Q: Generally speaking white women are now better educated than men as supported by the fact that they earn more college degrees at every level than men, but this is not the case for minority women: men are better educated.

Q: Quasi-experimental designs with a treatment group only provide very little useful data.

Q: Stem jobs show great promise for people who are living in what are now less populated states because of the relocation of high tech businesses.

Q: The most powerful approach to evaluation has traditionally been seen as using experimental designs.

Q: Careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) will be among the most prevalent and higher paid occupations in the future. As things stand, women seem to be moving into these occupations at about the same rate as men.

Q: It may well be that the essential players in helping employees assess their potential as it pertains to the organization is a. The HRD manager b. The career counselor c. External consultants who design and deliver workshops d. First line managers and supervisors

Q: One woman, Linda Gottfredson, believes that inherited traits shape men and women's perceptions of the work environment.

Q: Which of the following functions isnot typically included in a business career development program? a. Outplacement b. Assessment c. Career counseling d. Small group activities

Q: The role of heredity in the development of personality traits including interests is controversial and is often ignored because of the possibility that heredity shapes perception of the environment and thus occupational choice.

Q: The initiation of a fully developed career development program may cost the business as much as a. $100, 000 b. $200,000 c. $250,000 d. $300,000 or more

Q: The military has opened up opportunities for men, women, and minorities, but military service has been a double-edged sword for women because of sexual harassment.

Q: According to Knowdell career development programs in business developed primarily as a means of a. Increasing profits b. Improving succession planning c. Humanizing the organization d. Responding to criticism of discrimination against women and minorities

Q: Religion is identified as a tradition source of oppression of women, but career counselors are advised to ignore their client's religious beliefs because of the explosiveness of the issue.

Q: Career development specialists working in business and industry must first be a. Orient themselves to human development b. Orient themselves to career development in the organization c. Fully aware of the functioning of industrial psychologies d. Orient themselves to the needs of the business

Q: Women are paid, on average, 20 percent or more less than men when all occupations are considered.

Q: Osipow's description of an ideal career development program forty years ago identifies him as an a. Industrial psychologist b. Vocational psychologist c. Management specialist d. Career counselor

Q: Sexual orientation is the persona presented to the public whether it be gay or straight, transgender or bisexual.

Q: One of the noticeable trends in career development of career development in business organizations has been a. Outsourcing of the programs b. Greater interest in career development on the part of managers c. Union-management cooperation to develop career development programs d. A decline in the programs because of the downturn in the economy

Q: Which of the following is not an assumption of Chaos Theorya. Open systems such as families are unpredictableb. Feed back to a system makes it more stablec. Fractals are complex patters that repeat themselves recursivelyd. Small effects can cause large reactions

Q: Industrial Psychologist are most concerned with a. Individual development b. Individual adjustment to business situations c. Both a & b d. Neither a or b

Q: Savickas' five step career counseling model does not include which of the following/ a. Construction b. Destruction c. Reconstruction d. Interpretation

Q: If a comprehensive career development program is begun it is likely that over _____ % of the employees will participate in the program. a. 40 b. 50 c. 60 d. 70

Q: Savickas seems to borrow which of the following constructs from Donald Super a. Career concern (career awareness) b Self-control (self-confidence) c. Career curiosity (career exploration) d. All the above

Q: Career resilience is a. The same as career motivation b. Not related to career motivation c. Synonymous to career identity d. None of the above

Q: Savickas theorizes that the development of the self begins in childhood as the child acts out various roles. Parents also model certain behavior which is incorporated into the self through a process he terms a. Assimilation b Copying c. Introjection d. Identification

Q: A career ladder can best be described as a. A historical representation of how employees advanced b. A forecast of how employees will advance c. A part of the MIS d. A part of the job posting process

Q: The key to self-construction according to Savickas is a. Cognitions such as expectations b. Reflections based on contextual experiences c. Life style d. Self-prompting narratives

Q: Which of the following would NOT be an expected outcome of an business career development program? a. Increased profit b. Increased motivation c. Decreased employee conflicts d. Decreased turn over

Q: Savickas is an avowed postmodernist. However, he incorporates the thinking of which of the following into his theorizing? a. Alfred Adler b. John Holland c. Sigmund Freud d. a & b above

Q: The most accurate statement about the career development programs and HRD is a. The career development program is the umbrella under which HRD fits. b. Career development is a part of HRD c. Career development and HRD are unrelated d. Career development and HRD are co-equals in business with each program having separate goals.

Q: To young and his associates implementing a career choice is a. An action b. A project c. A narrative d. An endeavor

Q: Career development programs have been in place in this country since the -------- in the twentieth century. a. Fifties b. Sixties c. Seventies d. Eighties

Q: A project is a longer term a. Individual set of actions b Actions taken by two or more people c. The result of narratives d. a & b above

Q: Counselors in business and industry must reorient their thinking to put the company first.

Q: For Young, Valach, and Collin, the only way to understand the individual is a. Look at her or his history b Examine the individual's culture c. Determine where there are in the present d. All of the above

Q: Much of the mentoring that goes on in businesses is informal in nature.

Q: Chaos when referencing the self, from the point of view of Bloch, Pryor and others refers to a. The self as an open system b A dynamically unstable self c. A self that is for all practical purpose dynamically out of control d. a & b above

Q: Job rotation programs allow employees to shadow other employees as one means of helping them do career exploration.

Q: From a postmodern perspective the individual's self develops a. In continuous interaction with her or his environment b. Differently for each individual c. Differently in ethnic minorities than in Caucasians d. a & b above

Q: It is safe to say that managers and employees in business settings are open to a wide variety of career development interventions.

Q: Narratives can be best defined as a. Individual goals as they look into their futures b The sum total of the individual's striving c. Life stories d. Summaries of the individual interaction with her or his family

Q: The needs assessment process should probably be conducted by an external agency if it is to accurately reflect the employee's opinions.

Q: Fractals are, according to Bloch a. Adaptive entities b. Nested and interdependent c. Can be used as a synonym for career d. All of the above

Q: Organizational development and career development are synonymous terms.

Q: Contexualists criticize other career development theorists for a. Emphasizing cause and effect relationships b. Generalizing information from research findings c. Emphasizing the role of the history of the individual d. All the above

Q: Historically career development in business was aimed at managers only.

Q: For the contextualists preparing for a career would be seen as a. An action b. A joint action c. A stream d. A project

Q: In the past employers have conducted career planning in a manner that was helpful to the business but not to the employees.

Q: In Brief Solution-Fused Career Counseling. One of the steps is having the client search for exceptions to what they perceive is the usual course of events. In realty this step is a search for mistakes made in past situations.

Q: After deciding what tests and inventories are to be offered to clients the next step is toa. Establish as secure storage areab. Budget to purchase the testsc. Become qualified to purchase the assessment devicesd. Check the cultural sensitivity of the tests and inventories

Q: In Bright and Pryor's conceptualization of career counseling the counselors look for repetitive patters called attractors. Although it seems contradictory they (and Admunson) identify an attractor which they call a strange attractor which is not repetitive.

Q: Outplacement fees are often based on a. An hourly rate b. A percentage of the laid off employees salary and the level of the employee c. This depends on the degrees and credentials of the outplacement officer d. Industry in which service is offered

Q: Bright and Pryor seem to agree to a certain extent with Krumbotlz about the importance of chance events.in career development

Q: Which of the following should not be included in an advertisement a. A degree unrelated to the service offered b. A special membership in a professional organization such as fellow or diplomat c. Institution where degree obtained d. Service specialty

Q: Unity seems to be the goal of human striving for Bloch and Richmond. They define it as confidence that you can trust yourself to cope with what comes your way.

Q: Non ads are probably best classified as a. Publicity b. Advertising c. Both a & b d. Neither a or b

Q: People have a tendency to return to the same place as they try to survive and thrive. Bloch calls these places attractors.

Q: The main characteristic of the non-ad is a. It calls attention to the practice without a direct solicitation b. It is given away c. It involves the practitioner in the community d. All of the above

Q: Savickas would use the RIASEC information from Holland's scales in the counseling process to promote reflection.

Q: According to the Ridgewood Institute that offers services to private practitioners which of the following questions must be answered first when initiating a practice? a. What is my target audience? b. How much money do I wish to make? c. Where should I locate the practice? d. Am I in business?

Q: Postmodern career counselors, with the possible exception of Savickas, that traditional interest inventories such as Holland's scales, should not be used in career counseling. The most likely explanation of this position is the idea that data about human behavior cannot be generalized to others.

Q: The amount of time needed to prepare to become a career coach a. Is generally long term " at least two years b. Varies, but over one year c. May take up to 250 hours, but may be shorter d. No standards have been established

Q: Postmodern theorists agree that there is an objective self.

Q: Practitioner licensing laws regulatea. Titles usedb. Services offeredc. May be both titles and practicesd. Fees charged

Q: Bloch equates careers to what she terms adaptive entities.

Q: Licensing laws that regulate private practice are controlled by a. Professional associations b. Federal agencies c. State licensing boards d. A combination of all three

Q: Narratives are temporal interpretations of life events that have led to the current life situation according to Young and his associates.

Q: Which of the following statements about career coaching is most accurate according to Bench? a. Career counselors do not deal with personal issues b. Career coaching is limited to skill development such as interviewing c. Career counseling is ultimately aimed at identity change d. Career counselors are primarily tutors and guides

Q: The first step in a solution focused brief approach to career is to do an audit of the immediate issues surrounding the decision-making dilemma.

Q: Career coaching differs from career counseling in that a. It is typically briefer (from start to finish) b. The people providing the service have more in-depth training c. The goals are different d. None of the above

Q: Admundson uses second order questioning to stimulate an awareness of what would happen if the career problem is not solved

Q: It is likely that in order to get a private practice started a career counselor will have to spend________% of their time marketing the service. a. 30 b. 40 c. 50 d. 60

Q: The assessment approach used by postmodern theorists to information used in counseling is more likely to be quantitative than qualitative.

Q: The latest Gallup Poll conducted by NCDA suggests that nearly________ need assistance in selecting, changing, or getting a job each year.a. 5 - 6 millionb. 10 -- 12 millionc. 11 - 13 milliond. 15 million

Q: Perhaps the least well defined factor in the learning theory based theories is the influence of a. Psychological factors other than self-efficacy b. The influence of cognitions c. The influence of self-concept d. The influence of socioeconomic factors