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Education
Q:
Increased educational attainment has not substantially lowered the earnings gap between men and women.
Q:
Research supports the idea that rehabilitation services pays for itself because of the increased earning power of the clients and the taxes they pay.
Q:
Federal and state governments contribute about the same amount to the rehabilitation of people across the US.
Q:
At present there are approximately 2500 rehabilitation counselors in the US and the number is growing rapidly.
Q:
The unemployment rate is currently at approximately 7 percent as contrasted to 10 percent a few years earlier. What can we conclude based on these numbers?
a. The number of people working has increased
b. The number of people looking for work has decreased
c. There is a decrease in the mismatch between the skill sets of workers and those required by employers.
d. None of the above
Q:
The American with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires vocational rehabilitation for all people with a physical disability.
Q:
A high national debt hasa. Little impact on the overall availability of jobs in the long termb. Little impact of the overall availability of jobs in the short termc. An impact on the availability of jobs both in the short and long termd. The relationship between national debt and job availability has not been determined
Q:
In the US approximately one in ten people has some form of disability.
Q:
The decline in the number of specific jobs is often an indicator of the overall decline of the industry in which the jobs are located. If this is true which of the following group(s) seemed most likely to decline between now and 2010?
a. Clerical workers
b. Textile workers
c Machine operators " manufacturing and related
d. All of the above
Q:
The term disabled refers to a person with a physical or mental impairment.
Q:
Job growth as measured by numbers is occurring most rapidly in which the following groups
a. Teachers
b. Retail sales
c. Cashiers
d. Wait staff
Q:
The primary purpose of the ASVAB assessment program is
a. Recruitment into the military
b. Provide the basis for enlistees into military job
c. Serve as a basis for exit career counseling for people leaving the military
d. Earn the support of career counselors, career counselorspublic relations
Q:
Although it is a bit of a guess, the estimate of the number of workers in this country who entered the country illegally appears to be
a. 4 million
b. 7 million
c. 9 million
d. 11 million
Q:
Career counselors for which group are required by law to become their advocates?
a. Displaced workers
b. Disabled workers
c. Ethnic minorities
d. Racial minorities
Q:
In 2020 white people of non-Hispanic origin are expected to make up what proportion of the labor force?
a. 92
b. 82.
c. 72
d. 62
Q:
The group with the lowest high school graduation rate is
a. Asian Americans
b. African Americans
c. Whites
d. Hispanics
Q:
Job growth is occurring most rapidly in which of the following occupations
a. Home health aides
b. Retail sales
c. Administrative support.
d. Nursing (RN and LPN)
Q:
Pattern identification, an assessment device devised by Amundson has at is aim the
a. Identification of achievement profiles
b. Sources of satisfaction
c. The ups and down of the client's life
d. The values that guide their behavior
Q:
The U. S. debt is expected to reach 20trillion dollars in 10 years. The implication of that amount of debt on job creation is likely to be
a. No appreciable impact
b. Stimulation of job creation because the money borrowed is place into the general economy and becomes a stimulant to job creation,
c. A slowing of job creation because of the need for the federal government to use tax money to service (pay the interest and pay back the money) the debt.
d. Unknown
Q:
The most often occurring social value in the world is
a. Lineal
b. Collateral
c. Individual
d. Lineal/collateral
Q:
The largest increase in numbers in work force participation is expected to be made by:
a. African Americans
b. Hispanics
c. Asians and other
d. Other ethnic groups.
Q:
The acronym SOLER is sometimes used as an outline for the communication process favored by white clients. Which aspect of SOLER may not apply to Asian clients?
a. L Forward lean
b. E Eye contact
c. R Relaxed posture
d. a & b above
Q:
The age group in the work force that is expected to change most in terms of percentages in the next 10 years is:
a. 24-34 age group.
b. 35-44 age group.
c. 45-54 age group
d. 55 and over age group
Q:
With regard to cultural values of the major cultural/ethnic/racial groups in the U. S., which of the following best depicts the view that career counselors should take?
a. There is great diversity within and among cultural groups
b. Often language usage and certain external indicators can be used as indicators of cultural values
c. Third generation minorities in this country have typically adopted the cultural views of the dominant culture
d. No assumptions should be made about the cultural values of people who come for career counseling
Q:
The educational level required for most of the fastest growing occupations according to the BLS is
a. Less than high school
b. High school graduation
c. Associates degree
d. 4-year college degree
Q:
Which of the following non-verbal communication strategies typically employed by white counselors is most likely to cause difficulty in cross cultural career counseling?
a. Squarely facing the client.
b. Open posture
c. Facial expressions
d. Eye contact
Q:
The driving force in the global economy, at least so far as U. S companies are concerned, appears to be a search for cheaper labor.
Q:
At this time the only group that is required to advocate for their clients by their code of ethics is
a. School counselors
b. People who subscribe to ACA code of ethics
c. Rehabilitation counselors
d. All of the above
Q:
Overall the proportion of the labor force employed in manufacturing is expected to decrease in the next 10 years
Q:
Developing your own theory of career counseling begins with
a. Study of theories of human development
b. Study of career development theory
c. Examining your personal belief system
d. a & b above
Q:
In the next 10 years the ethnic group with the largest increase in numbers of workers in the labor force is projected to be Hispanic.
Q:
Long pauses in the career counseling sessions are most likely to be acceptable to
a. Hispanic Americans
b. Asian Americans
c. Native Americans
d. African Americans
Q:
When considering the growth of an occupation percent increase is the most important concern.
Q:
Which of the following groups are most likely to have similar cultural values if they have not adopted the values of another culture?
a. Asian Americans and Native Americans
b. Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans
c. Native Americans and Asian Americans
d. African Americans and Hispanic Americans
Q:
Transportation and utilities are examples of service producing industries.
Q:
One of the objectives of career counseling is to help clients establish career goals. Which of following SHOULD NOT be a characteristic of a client's goal who values individualism?
a. Highly specific
b. Long range
c. Short range
d. Based upon the opinions of others
Q:
Automating an industry usually results in unemployment of workers with lower levels of skill.
Q:
Clinical assessment can best be defined as
a. A continuous process that involves using data supplied by tests to assess the client's problem
b. A process that occurs early in counseling aimed at assessing the client's problem
c. An ongoing process that uses all available data to assess a client's problem
d. A process used in assessing a client's personal problem.
Q:
Human calamities, natural disasters, fashion changes, and seasonal variations are all causes of short-term trends in the workforce.
Q:
Career counseling is increasingly viewed as
a. Career adjustment counseling
b. Synonymous with personal counseling
c. A process that involves leisure issues
d. A process that involves personal as well as life role issues
Q:
Lowe wages in the U. S. is the primary reason auto manufacturers from around the world have built assembly plants in this country.
Q:
If a family member arrives with the client the first step is to ask if they plan to participate in the career co
Q:
The wage differential between the U. S. and other countries is often cited as the basis for jobs being offshored and thus lost to U. S. workers. However, wages in Japan and South Korea are essentially the same as those in the U.S. which point to the fact that other factors account for offshoring in many cases.
Q:
Culturally appropriate goals are those usually selected by the individual regardless of social values
Q:
The fact that much of the petroleum used in this country is imported is a drain on the economy and job development.
Q:
Amundson suggests that one way to identify career options is to examine patterns of achievement.
Q:
Although there is no accurate count of the number of people who are in this country illegally, it estimated that the number exceeds 10 million.
Q:
It seems likely that a majority of the world's population holds a collateral social vie
Q:
The focus of the public discussion about immigration often focuses on people who enter the country illegally and ignores the 700, 000 to 900,000 people who come into this country legally.
Q:
Postmodern approaches to career counseling place less emphasis on traditional assessment strategies than do approaches rooted in logical positivism.
Q:
It seems clear that the author prefers which of the following program evaluation designs?
a. Experimental
b. Survey
c. Mixed (both quantitative and qualitative)
d. Qualitative
Q:
Using guided fantasies to explore career option is may be unwise with some Asian Americans.
Q:
The first step in designing a focus group evaluation is
a. Select the group comprised of 6-12 people
b. Determine the objectives of the program
c. Draft a set of questions to guide the group
d. Consider what data are needed for evaluation reports
Q:
The theoretical approach of most counselors starts with their own informal theory to which they add formal counseling theory.
Q:
Sooner or later program designers and evaluators must conduct needs assessments. Which of the following designs could be used for this purpose?
a. Survey
b. Focus groups
c. Correlational
d. a & b above
Q:
An individual's worldview is, at least initially, based upon enculturation.
Q:
Evaluation designs that focus on the process of the program such as decision making or communication are called ______________ designs.
a. Summative
b. Evidence-based
c. Formative
d. Qualitative
Q:
Most career counselors accept the idea that career counseling involves some consideration of other lifer roles.
Q:
The research design that is probably most used by program evaluators is
a. Focus groups
b. N=1 designs
c. Survey designs
d. Quasi-experimental designs
Q:
Structural discrimination is a program or institution that shunts minorities and women into lower SES trajectories than white men. An example of this is
a. The policy: first hired, last fired
b. Ability tracking in middle school
c. A & B above
d. Neither A or B
Q:
Which of the following designs is most difficult to implement in an applied setting?
a. Pre-experimental
b. Experimental
c. Quasi-experimental
d. Qualitative
Q:
If a client declares, I want the STEM career that is most likely to allow me to become employed, what would you tell her to pursue educationally as she looks ahead?
a. Pursue an electrical engineering degree
b. Major in computer science
c. Major in engineering with an emphasis in computing
d. Major on engineering
Q:
Correlational designs are rarely used in evaluation studies because
a. Sophisticated computers are not available to evaluators
b. The data are difficult to interpret
c. They do not produce cause and effect data
d. Most professionals are unfamiliar with the design
Q:
Based on the available research which of the following women are most likely to choose a STEM career?
a. One with high math and verbal skills
b. One with low verbal and high math skills
c. One with moderate verbal and high math skills
d. One with moderate math and verbal skills
Q:
A pretest --posttest design is classified as what type of design
a. Experimental
b. Quasi-experimental
c. Pre-experimental
d. Qualitative
Q:
There are several reasons why sexual minorities may not choose a particular occupation. One of these is counterintuitive, that is it would not seem obvious.
a. Fear of discrimination
b. Under representation of sexual minorities in the occupation
c. Stereotypes
d. Over representation of sexual minorities in the occupation.
Q:
The design of an evaluation study should begin with
a. The theory underpinning the interventions
b. The guidelines set forth by professional associations
c. The program objectives
d. The limitations imposed by the budget for the study
Q:
Women, ethnic and religious minorities are protected from discrimination by federal civil rights legislation. Sexual minorities are not protected by this legislation, but many states have passed legislation to protect them from discrimination. Which of the following states does not protect sexual minorities in the workplace via legislation.
a. Vermont
b Illinois
c. Iowa
d. Indiana
Q:
The ecological validity of an intervention is established by the process of
a. Expert review of the design
b. Replication
c. Use of multiple regression
d. All of the above
Q:
The group identified as most likely to experience the "triple whammy" of discrimination is
a Lesbians of color
b. Gay men
c. Bisexual women
d. Transgender men
Q:
An intervention or program has ecological validity when
a. It is culturally sensitive
b. Accepted by administrators and managers
c. The data generated predict future events
d. Can be applied across settings and yield similar outcomes
Q:
Women hold a majority of the jobs in three of the STEM occupations. Nursing is one of these. Which of the following are also made up of mostly women?
a. Accountants
b. Laboratory technicians
c. Biologists
d. a & b above
Q:
One hallmark of a qualitative study is
a. Randomly selected samples
b Samples that are related to the goals of the evaluation, typically non-random
c. Sophisticated statistical analyses
d. Evaluators are non-participants in data collection
Q:
Two occupational groups will make up the vast majority of STEM occupations according to BLS projections:
a. Nursing and engineering
b. Engineers and computing related
c. Computing and accounting
d. Engineers and science teachers
Q:
Qualitative evaluation studies should be used to evaluative the outcomes of programs and interventions based on
a. Postmodern thinking
b. Modern philosophy
c. Mandates to produce evidenced-based practices
d. None of the above
Q:
Advocates for better career counseling for women have lobbied for
a. Gender-based norms for the Self-Directed Search
b. Minimization of reliance on theories based on research on males.
c. Making women aware of STEM occupations
d. All of the above
Q:
The reason that control groups are used is to guard against
a. The impact of external events on the outcomes of the evaluation
b. To help guarantee that the outcomes are a result of the treatment, not maturations
c. Simply put: to make sure results are due to the treatment
d. All of the above
Q:
Which of the following factors tend to limit salary and advancement for women
a. Raises and promotions based on seniority
b. Tenure and other contractual guarantees of employment
c. Limited leave policies for elder care
d. a & c above
Q:
In order for an evaluation study to be classified as experimental subjects must be
a. Randomly assigned to treatment and control groups
b. Use sophisticated statistical analysis
c. Make sure subjects are unaware of the goals of the study
d. a & c above
Q:
Some of the barriers to the entry to and advancement in some careers doesn"t involve our traditional ideas about discrimination, that is, discriminatory actions on the part of a hiring agent or supervisor. Discriminatory practices are built into the entire employment process in some industries. This is called
a. Structural unemployment
b. Regulatory discrimination
c. Illegal employment practice
d. Structural or institutional discrimination