Q&A Hero

Q: Around the Grand Canyon the predators of deer were largely exterminated by people. The deer population grew rapidly as a result of the lack of predators until the deer exhausted their food supply. This led to a massive die-off (known as a population crash) and hundreds of deer died of starvation. The point at which the food supply no longer supported the large deer population can best be considered a A) model. B) metastable equilibrium condition. C) threshold. D) dynamic equilibrium condition.

Q: If increased levels of carbon dioxide lead to further increases in temperature by promoting the release of even more carbon dioxide from the oceans, this means a ________ feedback has occurred and that the planet is ________. A) positive; in equilibrium B) positive; out of equilibrium C) negative; in equilibrium D) negative; out of equilibrium

Q: Predator/prey relationships are an example of A) positive feedback, because more predation leads to higher prey populations as they increase reproduction to insure survival. B) positive feedback, as more prey discourages further predation allowing prey populations to flourish. C) negative feedback, because prey populations tend to achieve a balance with the number of predators. D) negative feedback, because more wolves equal fewer elk and people tend to like elks more than wolves.

Q: As arctic temperatures rise, summer sea ice and glacial melt accelerates; lighter color surfaces are thereby replaced with darker-colored surfaces leading to more absorption and surface heating. This is an example of a(n) ________ feedback. A) negative B) positive C) reverse D) dynamic

Q: Which of the following is true of the biosphere? A) Life processes generally are not shaped by the abiotic spheres. B) Life processes generally are shaped to the abiotic spheres. C) It is not connected to the overlapping inorganic spheres. D) It only occurs in the hydrosphere.

Q: Which of the following is true of the biosphere? A) It is never referred to as the ecosphere. B) It exists on other planets in the solar system. C) It is not connected to the overlapping inorganic spheres. D) It extends from the floor of the oceans to 8 km (5 mi.) into the atmosphere.

Q: Living systems are considered A) biotic. B) inorganic. C) part of the lithosphere. D) abiotic.

Q: Which of the following statements regarding the development of models by scientists is not true? A) Adjusting the variables in a model simulates different conditions and allows predictions of possible system operations. B) A model is a simplication designed to help us understand complex processes. C) Most scientists believe that any system can eventually be modeled with 100 percent accuracy. Thus, models can be perfect representations of reality. D) A model is only as good as the assumptions and accuracy of information upon which it is based.

Q: According to the text, the three inorganic Earth realms are the A) hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere. B) thermosphere, lithosphere, heterosphere. C) atmosphere, geoid, and homosphere. D) stratosphere, magnetosphere, and troposphere.

Q: If Earth warmed up, and more snow fell because of more water vapor in the atmosphere, and that snow then reduced Earth's temperature, which increased snow cover, then the initial increase in snow fall would be ________ feedback, while the continued increase in snow fall would be ________ feedback. A) positive; positive B) positive; negative C) negative; positive D) negative; negative

Q: As we burn fossil fuels and release carbon dioxide, the temperature of our planet and the oceans will increase. When the oceans warm they will release more carbon dioxide, further warming the planet and oceans. If this occurs rapidly and causes a sudden rise in temperature, a(n) ________ has been crossed and that the planet has moved into a state of ________. A) input level; equilibrium B) input level; disequilibrium C) threshold; equilibrium D) threshold; disequilibrium

Q: A large flood in a river may cause abrupt shifts leading to the carving of a new channel. The point at which this change occurs is a(n) A) type of dynamic equilibrium condition. B) type of metastable equilibrium. C) threshold. D) input.

Q: The carbon dioxide absorbed by plants is an example of an ________ to a forest and an ________ from the atmosphere. A) input; input B) input; output C) output; output D) output; input

Q: Which of the following best describes the condition of steady-state equilibrium? A) System inputs always exactly balance outputs so the system never changes. B) System inputs and outputs fluctuate around a stable average so the system does not move far from its average condition. C) System inputs produce large, random fluctuations in output, forcing the system into a new state of equilibrium. D) Systems slowly adjust to long-term changes in input and output.

Q: Which of the following is correctly matched? A) threshold balance of inputs and outputs B) steady state equilibrium small fluctuations about an average condition C) dynamic equilibrium large fluctuations that changes abruptly over time D) tipping point same as steady state equilibrium

Q: If a system responds to a change in input by moving further away from its equilibrium condition, what type of feedback has occurred? A) positive B) negative C) neutral D) Not enough information is given to indicate what type of feedback has occurred.

Q: What type of feedback maintains stability in a system; i.e., what type of feedback keeps a system functioning properly? A) positive B) negative C) neutral

Q: With respect to air, water, and material resources, which of the following is true? A) A forest is a closed system. B) A forest is an open system. C) A forest is an open system in terms of air, but closed in terms of material resources. D) A forest is an open system in terms of water, but closed in terms of energy resources.

Q: Systems encountered in nature at Earth's surface, such as a forest, are A) open systems in terms of energy. B) closed systems in terms of energy. C) open systems in terms of matter. D) both open systems in terms of energy and open systems in terms of matter. E) both closed systems in terms of energy and open systems in terms of matter.

Q: Which of the following is incorrect? A) Earth represents a vast integrated system. B) Earth represents an open system in terms of energy. C) Earth represents a closed system in terms of matter. D) New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time.

Q: In terms of matter and resources, the Earth is essentially a(n) ________ system; In terms of energy, the Earth is a(n) ________ system. A) closed; closed B) closed; open C) open; open D) open; closed

Q: Which of the following is an example of a closed system? A) a forest B) a river drainage basin C) an automobile D) the Earth (in terms of matter)

Q: The capacity to change the motion of, or to do work on, matter is the definition of A) energy. B) plasma. C) thermodynamics. D) acceleration. E) system.

Q: The scientific method is described by which of the following? A) A single, definitive method for doing science. B) The acceptance of supernatural explanations for phenomenon until science proves otherwise. C) The development of hypotheses for testing and prediction. D) Irreproducible results accepted as theory.

Q: The key idea behind the scientific method is A) the use of intuition in testing theories. B) an appeal to supernatural explanations when natural explanations have not yet been found for a phenomenon. C) the testing of ideas through controlled observations and experiments. D) unbridled speculation about the world.

Q: Which of the following is not true of scientific theories? A) They are based on several hypotheses. B) They are broad in scope because they unify several known facts about the world. C) They are based on natural laws (such as those pertaining to gravity, relativity, atomic theory, etc.) D) They are absolute truths and can never be proven wrong.

Q: Which of the following is the most strongly supported by experimental and observational evidence? A) speculation B) hypothesis C) educated guess D) theory

Q: Which of the following is true of models? A) They complicate our understanding of Earth system science. B) They perfectly replicate the real world, but at a different scale. C) They are simplified, idealized representations of the real world. D) They are never used in physical geography because of their inherent limitations.

Q: Shale gas extraction using hydraulic fracturing falls within which of the five themes? A) location B) place C) human-Earth relationships D) movement E) regions

Q: Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, your home address is best described within which of the themes? A) location B) place C) human-Earth relationships D) movement E) regions

Q: Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, the Cienega de Santa Clara, an ecotourism destination on the Colorado River delta, is best described within which of the five themes? A) location B) place C) human-Earth relationships D) movement E) regions

Q: Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, characteristics of a site refers to A) location. B) place. C) human-Earth relationships. D) movement. E) regions.

Q: Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, areas that display uniform characteristics refer to A) location. B) place. C) human-Earth relationships. D) movement. E) regions.

Q: Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, latitude and longitude refer to A) location. B) place. C) human-Earth relationships. D) movement. E) regions.

Q: Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, resource management and sustainable growth refer to A) location. B) place. C) human-Earth relationships. D) movement. E) regions.

Q: Which of the following terms characterizes the discipline of geography? A) eclectic B) integrative C) unscientific D) both eclectic and integrative

Q: The science of physical geography is based on the realization that A) nature is homogenous and spatially undifferentiated. B) knowledge of spatial distributions is of little value in understanding nature. C) nature can best be described and understood as a set of interrelated components through which matter and energy flow. D) humans have no significant impact on the physical phenomena that occur in nature.

Q: Which of the following most accurately characterizes the goal of geography? A) The production of maps. B) Memorization of the names of places on world and regional maps. C) Memorization of the imports and exports of a country. D) Understanding distributions and movements across Earth.

Q: Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, communication and diffusion refer to A) location. B) place. C) human-Earth relationships. D) movement. E) regions.

Q: Which of the following best describes the field of physical geography? A) Understanding soil development. B) Mapping of rock types. C) The study of weather. D) The spatial analysis of all the physical elements, processes, and systems that make up the environment.

Q: Geography A) is not a science. B) does not use systems analysis. C) does not consider process in explaining systems. D) is derived from geo and graphein; literally, "to write Earth."

Q: Which is not true of geographers? A) They are Earth systems scientists. B) They are primarily concerned with place names. C) They are concerned with spatial and temporal relationships. D) They use spatial analysis.

Q: The word spatial refers to A) the nature and character of physical space. B) items that relate specifically to society. C) things that are unique and special. D) eras of time.

Q: Geography is described as A) an Earth science. B) a human science. C) a physical science. D) a spatial science.

Q: A physical geographer would likely not study A) the impact of Hurricane Sandy's landfall along the U.S. East Coast. B) the effects of the removal of dams on the Elwha River in Washington. C) the 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011. D) The diffusion of various religions from the so-called Middle East.

Q: Which of the following comprise the fundamental duality in the field of geography? A) physical versus human/cultural B) physical versus economic C) economic versus political D) political versus environmental

Q: The main methodology governing geographic inquiry A) is behavioral analysis. B) involves spatial analysis. C) uses chronological organization. D) is field work.

Q: "Geography" literally means A) place memorization. B) the study of rocks. C) map making. D) to write (about) Earth.

Q: The following equation represents the best-fit regression line for median personal total income of adult males vs. years of education past eighth grade in Northern Wisconsin. Median personal income = 4,131 + 6,503 years of education If a male desired to earn $30,143 / year, how many years of education past eighth grade should they pursue?

Q: The following equation represents the best-fit regression line for median personal total income of adult males vs. years of education past eighth grade in Northern Wisconsin. Median personal income = 5,813 + 5,567 years of education What would be the expected annual personal income of a male who had 8 years of education past eighth grade?

Q: The following equation represents the best-fit regression line for median personal total income of adult males vs. years of education past eighth grade in Northern Wisconsin. Median personal income = 4,370 + 5,796 years of education What would be the expected annual personal income of a male who had 0 years of education past eighth grade?

Q: The following equation represents the best-fit regression line for median personal total income of adult males vs. years of education past eighth grade in Northern Wisconsin. Median personal income = 4,822 + 7,147 years of education What is the rate of change of median personal total income with respect of years of education?

Q: Tell whether the graph has a positive or negative relationship. A) Positive B) Negative

Q: The data below gives the mean annual cost for tuition and fees at private four-year colleges in the United States since 1980. It is clear that the cost of education is going up. Mean Cost of Tuition and Fees for Private Colleges Year Private Ed $ 1980 $3,617 1981 $4,113 1982 $4,639 1983 $5,093 1984 $5,556 1985 $6,121 1986 $6,658 1987 $7,116 1988 $7,722 1989 $8,446 1990 $9,340 1991 $10,017 1992 $10,449 1993 $11,007 1994 $11,709 A) Using Linear Regression techniques, find the linear equation that is the best fit to this data. Find the annual costs, C, at private four-year colleges in the United States as a function of the number of years after 1980, y. B) If costs continue to rise at the same rate, what would be the approximate cost in year 2010? Round values to 2 decimal places, if necessary.

Q: Use regression to find a linear function that best fits the data in the table: x 6.2 8.3 10.4 16.4 21.5 y 25.30 40.64 62.23 84.76 99.42 Round values to 2 decimal places, if necessary.

Q: A student who works as a waiter records the cost C of meals and the tip T left by diners. His data recorded for one evening are: Cost $ 14.86 19.38 13.72 29.78 20.93 Tip $ 2.22 3.48 3.01 5.65 3.55 A) Use linear regression to find T as a function of C. B) How much can the waiter expect his tip to increase from a $6 increase in the bill?

Q: The following table gives the average daily intake of animal fats in grams per day and the age-adjusted death rate from breast cancer per 100,000 women. Country Japan Spain Austria U.S. U.K. Average daily fat intake (grams) F 20 40 90 100 120 Death rate per 100,000 D 3 7 17 19 23 A) Use the regression capability of your calculator to find a formula for D as a function of F. B) Use the function to predict the death rate from breast cancer in Mexico where the average daily fat intake is F = 23 grams. C) Use the function to estimate the average daily fat intake in a country where there are 15 deaths from breast cancer for every 100,000 women.

Q: State whether the data shown in the table is exactly linear or approximately linear. x 3 6 9 12 y "2.5 "1 0.5 2 A) Linear B) Approximately linear

Q: Find the equation to describe the data in the table. x y 0 6 4 14 8 22 12 30 16 38

Q: Choose the equation that matches the graph. A) y = 4 0.5x B) y = 0.5 4x C) y = 4 0.5x D) y = 4 x

Q: Use an estimate of a linear model for this data to extrapolate the requested information. Use points B and E from this table to estimate the slope, and then use point B to estimate the vertical intercept. Round the answers to 2 decimal places. Number of children in Household Weekly Food Expense ($) A 2 $561.71 B 4 $754.69 C 1 $465.17 D 6 $948.07 E 7 $1044.61 Extrapolate the weekly food expense for a household with 9 children. Round the answer to 2 decimal places.

Q: Create an estimate of a linear model for this data. Use points B and D from this table to estimate the slope, and then use point B to estimate the vertical intercept. Round the answers to 2 decimal places. Number of children Weekly Food Expense ($) A 3 $669.40 B 3 $668.70 C 1 $471.58 D 4 $768.86 E 5 $867.82

Q: Create an estimate of a linear model for this data. Use points C and E from this table to estimate the slope, and then use point C to estimate the vertical intercept. Round the answers to 2 decimal places. Ounces of Polymer in Mold Time to Cool (Min.) A 3.2 8.46 B 3.9 9.82 C 4.8 12.24 D 4.3 11.84 E 6.1 15.08

Q: This table shows the final exam scores (y) compared to the hours studied (x) for 5 randomly selected students. Time spent Studying (hours) Final Exam Score A 2.8 46 B 4.0 66 C 5.0 75 D 4.4 68 E 5.9 81 A). Use points A and D from this table to estimate the slope of the linear model for this data. Round the answer to 2 decimal places. B). Use point A to determine the vertical intercept of the linear model. Round the answer to 2 decimal places.

Q: Use points D and E from this table to estimate the slope of the linear model for this data. Advertising Expense ($1000s) Sales ($1000s) A $38.7 $268.58 B $41.5 $291.30 C $50.1 $345.34 D $44.0 $308.60 E $60.0 $411.00 Round the answer to 2 decimal places.

Q: For the following table, reinitialize the independent variable so it starts at 1970. (So the vertical intercept occurs at 1970.) Year Cost ($1000s) 1970 $46.20 1975 $53.59 1980 $59.43 1985 $84.83 1990 $118.86 Year Cost ($1000s) 0

Q: A new virus has been discovered and is spreading through the population of a small island nation. It is estimated that each person who is infected will spread the virus to 6 people each day. How many people would be infected after 9 days if the virus started with just one person on day 1.

Q: A new virus has been discovered and is spreading through the population of a small island nation. It is estimated that each person who is infected will spread the virus to 6 people each day. Construct a function to model the number of people infected after t days if the virus started with just one person on day 1.

Q: A national organization for retired persons claims that a retiree should have 8 years worth of income saved plus any additional amount needed to relocate (if desired) after retirement. The annual inflation rate is approximately 1.3%. A person who currently earns $34,000 per year wishes to relocate upon retirement. The move would cost $18,200 in today's money. How much should this person plan to have in savings at retirement if they plan to retire in 11 years. (Round the answer to the nearest penny.)

Q: A national organization for retired persons claims that a retiree should have 9 years worth of income saved plus any additional amount needed to relocate (if desired) after retirement. The annual inflation rate is approximately 1.3%. A person who currently earns $38,000 per year wishes to relocate upon retirement. The move would cost $17,700 in today's money. Create a function for the amount this person should plan to have in savings at retirement if they plan to retire in t years.

Q: Create a function for the diameter of a tumor after t days if the volume of the tumor doubles every 162 days and the tumor has an initial volume of 0.42 cubic cm. (Round all numbers to 5 decimal places.)

Q: Find the annual growth factor for a quantity that doubles every 98 days. (Round the answer to 2 decimal places.)

Q: Decompose the rational function into a sum of a fraction and a constant.

Q: Which equation describes the graph A) B) C) D)

Q: Which equation describes the graph A) B) C) D)

Q: Find the domain of the function

Q: Find the domain of the function

Q: State the domain of this function?

Q: State the domain of this function?

Q: State the domain of this function?