Q&A Hero

Q: The "defense of life" standard allowed police officers to use deadly force against people who were using deadly force against an officer or another person.

Q: The police role is extremely well defined and contains little ambiguity.

Q: Elaine Cumming and her colleagues reported that the ordinary work routines of police officers include mostly law enforcement activities and very few other activities.

Q: The police themselves emphasize their role as crime fighters and play down their job as peacekeepers and social service providers.

Q: Movies and television shows about the police emphasize the police crime-fighting role.

Q: Most police departments now train their officers in the use of force using the __________

Q: During the 1970s, many police departments developed an alternative to the fleeing felon doctrine; it was called the __________

Q: The U.S. system of criminal justice is interested in the __________, in addition to the letter of the law.

Q: Ninety-six percent of local police departments have turned to the use of __________ in an attempt to reduce the use of deadly force.

Q: The federal government has redefined its deadly force policy used by federal agents and has adopted the __________ standard.

Q: In 1985, the U.S. Supreme Court dealt with police use of deadly force, declaring the __________unconstitutional.

Q: Arresting offenders and assisting prosecutors in bringing charges against defendants is one of the primary methods used by police to maintain order and protect __________and __________

Q: The availability of a choice of options or actions one can take in a situation is called __________

Q: The police try to create a sense that they are always there. This is called __________

Q: Carl B. Klockars, in Idea of Police, broadly defines the basic function of the police as dealing with all those problems that may require the use of __________

Q: One way of controlling discretion, particularly improper application of discretion, is the establishment of: a. strong policies b. employee early warning systems c. citizen review boards d. active reporting systems

Q: In the landmark case Tennessee v. Garner, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the ____________________ rule unconstitutional. a. fleeing felon b. consent search c. detention d. stop and frisk

Q: Based on 2010 statistics, approximately ____________________ people were killed justifiably by police in a three-year period. a. 25 b. 390 c. 1,322 d. 10,227

Q: Statistics clearly indicate that police officers: a. overuse force b. do not overuse force c. overuse threats d. display their weapons too often

Q: Studies of police discretion have shown that the most significant factor in the decision to arrest is the: a. location of the offense b. officer"offender relationship c. seriousness of the offense committed d. offender's past criminal history

Q: Most police patrol time is spent: a. as uncommitted time b. as committed time c. responding to calls for service d. responding to dispatch

Q: In the 1970s, the American Law Institute proposed a(n) ____________________, which included new policies on the use of deadly force. a. administrative rule b. National Bill of Police Rights c. legislative bill d. Model Penal Code

Q: Choke holds, carotid holds, and neck restraints became a source of controversy after: a. several lawsuits b. some deaths c. further study d. changes in law enforcement policies

Q: Which of the following is part of the federal government's imminent danger standard for use of deadly force? a. firing warning shots b. shooting at moving vehicles c. prisoner attempting escape who was being held in a high-security prison d. nonfatally shooting a suspect in the leg

Q: The ____________________ standard allows police officers to use deadly force against people who are using deadly force against an officer or another person, as well as in certain violent felony situations. a. castle exception b. defense of property c. defense of life d. defense of community

Q: Which of the following is not one of the factors that may influence police discretion as indicated by research findings? a. time of day b. the offense c. subject's attitude d. subject's race

Q: Which of the following is not one of the major factors Herbert Jacob says causes the police to exercise discretion? a. department policies b. characteristics of the crime c. relationship between criminal and victim or between police and criminal or victim d. geographic area of the crime

Q: Which of the following is not one of the reasons police exercise discretion? a. If the police enforced all the laws, all the time, they would be in the station house or court much of their time. b. Complete enforcement would alienate the public from the police. c. Most violations of law are minor and do not require full enforcement. d. The police want to show they have a caring attitude toward the community.

Q: The first decision maker in the criminal justice system and often the most important is: a. the judge b. the defense attorney c. the police officer d. the prosecutor

Q: Police officers have ____________________ discretion. a. little b. tremendous c. limited d. no

Q: The Smalltown Police Department uses social service agencies to provide counseling for minor offenders. According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department. a. watchman b. legalistic c. moralistic d. service

Q: The Humortown Police Department issues many summonses and makes many misdemeanor arrests. According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department. a. watchman b. legalistic c. moralistic d. service

Q: The Magic City Police Department maintains order through informal police intervention, including persuasion and threats, or hassling or roughing up disruptive people instead of formal arrests. According to James Q. Wilson, it would be considered to be a ____________________ department. a. watchman b. legalistic c. moralistic d. service

Q: Which of the following is not one of James Q. Wilson's operating styles? a. watchman b. legalistic c. service d. aggressive

Q: Officer White concentrates her efforts on helping people in trouble, rather than on keeping society safe. According to Broderick, she would be considered a(n): a. realist b. optimist c. enforcer d. idealist

Q: Officer Green believes that it is impossible to achieve the goals and objectives of the police department and concentrates his efforts on the concept of police loyalty and the mutual support of his fellow officers. According to Broderick, he would be considered a(n): a. realist b. optimist c. enforcer d. idealist

Q: Officer Brown believes his role is keeping the peace and preserving the social order, yet he is very careful not to violate the constitutional rights of individuals. According to Broderick, he would be considered a(n): a. realist b. optimist c. enforcer d. idealist

Q: Officer Smith believes her role is to maintain order on her beat by arresting criminals. According to Broderick, she would be considered a(n): a. realist b. optimist c. enforcer d. idealist

Q: Which of the following is not one of Broderick's police operational styles? a. enforcers b. dreamers c. realists d. optimists

Q: The police attempt to prevent crime by trying to create a sense of: a. safety and security b. community involvement c. omniscience d. omnipresence

Q: Sheehan and Cordner state that the two primary goals and objectives of police departments are: a. maintaining order, and protecting life and property b. preventing crime and arresting offenders c. preventing crime and maintaining order d. protecting life and property, and preventing crime

Q: Egon Bittner has stated that police work has, from its earliest origins, been a: a. religious vocation b. respected profession c. feared occupation d. tainted occupation

Q: Robert Lilly's research concluded that the majority of police calls are in reference to: a. burglaries b. thefts c. information d. social services

Q: The police role is: a. very ambiguous b. very clearly defined c. mainly related to violent crime d. mainly related to arresting offenders

Q: Most police contacts involve: a. motor vehicle or traffic-related issues b. family violence c. arrests of offenders d. testifying in court

Q: Of the following, the police make more arrests for ____________________ crimes than for the other types. a. violent b. property c. financial d. quality-of-life

Q: Which of the following is incorrect? a. The police make more arrests for minor violations than serious crime. b. The police make more arrests for drug offenses than they do for driving while intoxicated (DWI/DUI) c. The police make more arrests for aggravated or felony assault than they do for misdemeanor assault. d. Violations of liquor laws, drunkenness, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, and loitering are responsible for approximately 1.72 million arrests a year.

Q: The legality and morality of the "fleeing felon" rule have been challenged because of the U.S. legal concept of: a. presumption of innocence b. fundamental fairness c. cruel and unusual punishment d. application of equality

Q: The police make approximately ____________________ million arrests a year. a. 3.3 b. 10.16 c. 12.2 d. 13.12

Q: In 1985, the fleeing felon rule was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark case of ____________________. a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Lawrence v. Texas c. Tennessee v. Garner d. Terry v. Ohio

Q: Describe the Hiring in the Spirit of Service project.

Q: Why are field training programs and probationary periods vital phases in the police hiring process?

Q: Describe the use of police management schools, and give at least two examples of these schools.

Q: Explain the effect that the case of Guardians Association of New York City Police Department v. Civil Service Commission of New York had on police selection.

Q: Why is emotional intelligence so necessary for law enforcement officers today?

Q: Explain both sides of the argument that police applicants should be required to have a college degree.

Q: Describe the field training process.

Q: Detail the criticisms of physical agility testing.

Q: List and discuss the major steps in the police selection process.

Q: Describe some of the ways in which a candidate for police employment can locate police job openings.

Q: Courts typically have supported the need for maximum weight standards or a height-to-weight proportion ratio.

Q: Police applicants must be at least 5 feet 8 inches tall to be selected for employment.

Q: At one time, the main requirement for becoming a police officer was the applicant's physical strength and courage.

Q: Younger applicants are showing an increased dependence on texting and social media to communicate and seem to have less experience in face-to-face communications than their predecessors.

Q: All police departments have the same hiring standards that have to be met by applicants.

Q: Most police departments administer polygraph examinations to candidates for the police officer position.

Q: The first use of the polygraph was by the Berkeley, California, police department in the late 1970s.

Q: Courts have traditionally upheld police department no-smoking policies.

Q: The police selection process is relatively simple and enables a candidate to become hired as a police officer within several months after taking the entrance examination.

Q: The average probationary period for police officers ranges from __________

Q: The period of time that a department has to evaluate a new officer's ability to perform his or her job effectively is called the __________.

Q: As an alternative or in addition to the FTO program, a field training program that is designed to produce graduates capable of providing customer-centered, responsible, community-focused police services is called the __________

Q: __________ is the ability to interpret, understand, and manage one's own and others' emotions.

Q: On-the-job training of recently graduated recruits from the police academy is called __________.

Q: The initial training a police officer receives is called __________

Q: Hrand Saxenian, a former professor at Harvard's Business School, determined that __________ is the single most important criterion in the police selection process.

Q: If a competent job analysis is performed, the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for performance in that department are judged to be __________

Q: The __________ identifies the important tasks that must be performed by police officers, and then identifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to perform those tasks.

Q: In __________ programs, targets that depict "good guys" and "bad guys" pop up, requiring officers to make split-second decisions.

Q: What position is considered a "learning position" for potential police candidates while they are pursuing their education?a. police dispatcher b. police cadet c. public service attendantd. community service attendant