Q&A Hero

Q: What innovations to police detective operations were made as a result of the Rand and PERF studies?

Q: Detail the 1992 U.S. Supreme Court case of Jacobson v. United States, including discussion of the subject matter of the case and the Court's ruling.

Q: What are decoy operations? Provide some examples.

Q: Describe a case enhancement program. How does this improve the investigative process?

Q: Describe the Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program. How does it differ from traditional detective operations?

Q: Discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses involved in the use of multiagency task forces.

Q: Undercover investigations are rarely used by federal law enforcement agencies.

Q: Jacobson v. United States is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case related to entrapment.

Q: Sting operations targeting lewd behavior have often been used around the country, particularly in parks and areas frequented by children.

Q: Decoy operations are most effective in combating the crimes of robbery, purse snatching, and other larcenies from the person; burglaries; and thefts of and from automobiles.

Q: In recent years, there has been a decrease in the use of multiagency investigative task forces.

Q: Crime analysis goes hand-in-hand with community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing.

Q: Repeat offender programs (ROPs) are based on the fact that only a few criminals are responsible for most of the predatory street crime in the United States.

Q: Discuss the advent of police paramilitary units (PPUs) and their effect on police work and the public perception of police.

Q: Discuss the issues involved in deploying one-officer patrol cars versus two-officer patrol cars.

Q: Discuss some of the issues that should be examined when deciding how to schedule personnel in road patrol.

Q: Explain what the research says about police pursuits and how law enforcement is responding to this information.

Q: Explain how directed patrol differs from the traditional random patrol.

Q: Identify and describe some alternative responses to crime that law enforcement can use rather than rapid response to calls.

Q: Explain how the introduction of automobiles in police work affected police"community relations.

Q: Discuss the value of evidence-based policing.

Q: Explain what the academic studies regarding police patrol revealed about what the police do while on patrol.

Q: Describe the Kansas City study. What was the major value of the study?

Q: What are the three traditional methods that have been used to do police work in the United States? What are some of the reasons that the effectiveness of these methods began to be questioned?

Q: Why do citizens seem to want more police officers on foot patrol rather than in police cars?

Q: Decoy operations involve using occupied vehicles in strategic locations to give the perception of omnipresence.

Q: Police officers are never allowed to use potentially deadly force (e.g., ramming a vehicle) to end a high-speed chase of a suspect, even if the suspect's actions risk the safety of other drivers and pedestrians.

Q: According to research, red light cameras that target traffic violators seem to reduce the occurrence of traffic violations at that location.

Q: Typically, the larger urban departments such as New York, Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles have deployed two-officer cars, and most suburban and rural departments prefer one-officer cars.

Q: Police departments are restricting the use of pursuits and using alternative methods to catch the individuals who attempt to elude police officers.

Q: The Newark foot patrol study concluded that foot patrols do not make citizens feel safer.

Q: A specific type of saturation patrol is a crackdown, which generally targets a specific violation of the law, such as a traffic violation.

Q: Rapid response to calls to 911 works better in discovery crimes than in involvement crimes.

Q: Research during the past 20 years has pointed out that we can depend on television portrayals for realistic examples of police work.

Q: The Kansas City study indicated that our traditional three cornerstones of policing might not be the most effective way to do police work.

Q: At the conclusion of the Kansas City study, everyone in the community knew that an experiment regarding policing had been conducted in their community.

Q: The Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made any difference within the community.

Q: Data on what occurs when an officer encounters a citizeneither when the officer is on assignment from the dispatcher or is on self-initiated activitiescan best be retrieved from researcher observations.

Q: It is impossible to conduct a controlled experiment to study the effectiveness of certain types of police patrol.

Q: The__________ telephone system allows police departments to call citizens in the entire jurisdiction or in a particular neighborhood to disseminate emergency information to residents.

Q: The impression of always being there is called __________

Q: Using available scientific research on policing to implement crime-fighting strategies and department policies is called __________ policing.

Q: Police special weapons and tactical teams are popularly known as __________

Q: A method in which the patrol force is split and half respond to calls for service and the other half performs directed patrol activities is called __________ patrol.

Q: Prior to the 1970s, much of what we knew about police patrol was written by __________

Q: __________ is the backbone of policing.

Q: __________ is a method of deploying police officers that gives them responsibility for all policing activity by requiring them to walk around a defined geographic area.

Q: The two basic kinds of tactical operations are __________patrol tactics and __________patrol.

Q: We will always need some type of rapid police response to citizens' calls to 911, even though we have to realize that a __________ response is highly unrealistic.

Q: The classic study of random routine patrol was the __________ study.

Q: The aggressive saturation patrol operation in Washington, D.C., run by Chief Cathy Lanier is called: a. Operation ICE b. Operation Delta c. Operation Alpha d. All Hands on Deck

Q: Departments that ____________________ may benefit most from differential response. a. suffer from financial difficulties that make it hard to hire more officers b. have more than 100 officers c. have fewer than 50 officers d. are located in rural areas with few officers to cover a large amount of territory

Q: In differential response to calls for service, responses to citizens' calls to 911 for service are matched to the type and ____________________ of the calls. a. severity b. location c. numerical order d. time of day

Q: A successful example of a directed patrol program that achieved positive results was the ____________________ gun experiment. a. Kansas City b. Los Angeles c. Houston d. Detroit

Q: ____________________ patrol is a solution to the problem of directed patrol units often getting interrupted by calls for service, which can affect the performance of their assignments. a. Routine b. Task force c. Split-force d. Foot

Q: Officers who patrol specific locations at specific times to address a specific crime problem are called ____________________ patrol. a. split-force b. task force c. routine d. directed

Q: A thorough study conducted in Newark regarding foot patrols concluded that adding foot patrol: a. increased crime b. decreased crime c. had no effect on crime d. decreased crime when foot patrol was added only in the business district

Q: When researchers examined the reinstitution of foot patrol in Newark and Flint, they arrived at the conclusion that when foot patrol is added in neighborhoods: a. levels of fear decrease significantly b. levels of fear increase significantly c. levels of fear remain the same d. the police who patrol on foot have less job satisfaction, more fear, and lower morale than do officers who patrol in automobiles

Q: During what decade did the foot patrol return to policing? a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

Q: During what decade was the efficiency of foot patrols challenged? a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

Q: Which of the following are the two major methods of patrol deployment? a. motorized patrol and foot patrol b. crime patrol and bicycle patrol c. bicycle patrol and motorized patrol d. bicycle patrol and foot patrol

Q: The calls radioed to patrol officers, or assignments given to police patrol units by 911 dispatchers, reveal the types of problems for which people call the police and the types of problems: a. the police feel deserve a response by patrol units b. that are important to administration c. encountered by citizens daily d. that the local government wants handled

Q: Who is the author of the classic Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities? a. James Q. Wilson b. June Nelson c. Anthony Bouza d. Ernest Verdeschi

Q: The states of New York and Connecticut modeled a distracted driver campaign after the "Click It or Ticket" seat belt campaign. The slogan for the distracted driver campaign was: a. "Text TodayJail Tomorrow" b. "TWD = Ticket" c. "Phone in one hand. Ticket in the other." d. "DrivePull overText"

Q: Who coined the term omnipresence? a. James J. Fyfe b. O. W. Wilson c. Patrick V. Murphy d. James Q. Murphy

Q: One of the authors of the classic text Police Administration was: a. George Herman Ruth b. Patrick V. Murphy c. O. W. Wilson d. James Q. Wilson

Q: In 2003, nearly all police departments had pursuit policies, and ____________________ percent of local police agencies had restrictive pursuit policies. a. 12 b. 16 c. 37 d. 61

Q: According to the California Highway Patrol study, the most prevalent reason why drivers fail to stop during a high-speed pursuit is: a. the driver is in a stolen vehicle b. the driver wants to avoid a DWI or drug arrest c. the driver wants to avoid a traffic ticket d. the driver is afraid of or dislikes the police, enjoys the excitement of a chase, or other miscellaneous reason

Q: The police department's generalist is the: a. detective b. patrol officer c. sergeant d. chief

Q: Which of the following does not describe the typical police pursuit, as studied by the California Highway Patrol? a. It occurs during the day. b. It starts as a traffic violation. c. It ends without an accident 70 percent of the time. d. It covers only a mile or so.

Q: The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are ____________________. a. detective operations b. public appearances by the police chief c. patrol d. crime prevention

Q: Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff's departments and state patrols, utilize: a. a take-home car program b. person-owned vehicles (POVs) c. fleet vehicles d. preowned vehicles

Q: Most departments utilize: a. a take-home car program b. person-owned vehicles (POVs) c. fleet vehicles d. preowned vehicles

Q: ____________________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department's budget. a. Fuel costs b. Equipment c. Personnel d. Liability insurance

Q: A ____________________ system allows nonemergency calls to be redirected or referred to other referral agencies or government agencies. a. 311 b. 411 c. 511 d. 611

Q: Academic studies regarding response time indicate that: a. citizens generally cannot or do not report crimes immediately b. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within two minutes of the call c. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within five minutes of the call d. rapid response is most important in discovery crimes

Q: Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time? a. time between the crime and the call to the police b. time required for the police to process the call c. travel time from receipt of the call by the patrol car to arrival at the scene d. time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene

Q: Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack? a. calls for service b. preventative patrol c. administrative tasks d. all of these choices

Q: Which of the following is not one of the goals of patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack? a. increased traffic citations b. providing sense of community security c. crime prevention and deterrence d. recovery of stolen property

Q: In the proactive group in the Kansas City study, the police presence was: a. doubled or tripled b. eliminated c. reduced d. increased 10 times