Q&A Hero

Q: One of the best-known citizen patrol groups, whose members wear distinctive red berets and T-shirts, is called the: a. Red Berets b. Citizen Avengers c. Guardian Angels d. Good Samaritans

Q: Crime Stoppers originated in: a. Albuquerque, New Mexico b. Boise, Idaho c. Miami, Florida d. Seattle, Washington

Q: Crime Stoppers is a program in which police: a. operate decoy programs where they dress like possible crime victims b. open up storefronts and pose as criminals who buy stolen property c. ask television and radio stations to publicize a "crime of the week" so citizens can call tips into a special police phone number d. all of these choices

Q: Another name for Neighborhood Watch programs is: a. Crime Watch b. Block Watch c. Community Alert d. all of these choices

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court case Zinermon v. Burch dealt with: a. the elderly b. juveniles c. the mentally ill d. female incarceration

Q: The Guardian Angels were formed in what city? a. Houston b. Dallas c. New York City d. San Diego

Q: Which of the following people who live on the public streets can be described as street people? a. the homeless b. alcoholics c. the mentally ill d. all of these choices

Q: The Police Explorer program is aimed at youths interested in: a. camping and sleeping out of doors b. police work c. traveling to foreign cities d. none of the above

Q: Today, police departments have created numerous special programs to assist with the challenges faced by the aging population. One such program is: a. AARP b. Explorers c. DARE d. Triad

Q: DARE is a program aimed at: a. senior citizens b. children c. Americans with physical disabilities d. all Americans

Q: Triad is a joint partnership between the police and: a. senior citizens b. gays c. Asian Americans d. African Americans

Q: What is the largest minority group in the United States? a. Native Americans b. German Americans c. African Americans d. Hispanics

Q: As many as _____ million people are victims of violent or property crime in the United States annually. a. 16 b. 31 c. 42 d. 20

Q: The Police Explorer program is part of the _____ organization. a. Camp Fire b. Boy Scouts of America c. Police Athletic League d. YMCA

Q: What landmark 1954 Supreme Court case ended legal segregation of the races? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Brown v. Mississippi c. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka d. Board of Education v. Eisenhower

Q: According to the author, one of the best ways to improve relationships between the police and minority groups is to: a. enforce the law differentially against minority group members b. appoint a minority member as police chief c. ensure that minority groups are adequately represented in a jurisdiction's police department d. hold minority group members to a less strict standard of legal behavior

Q: Most of the tension between police officers and members of minority groups has focused on police relationships with: a. Hispanics b. Asians c. African Americans d. women

Q: Most police officers feel that the public: a. does not support the police b. appreciates the police c. respects but does not like the police d. has no opinion regarding the police

Q: In 2005, Hispanics surpassed African Americans as the largest minority group when they reached 14.5 percent of the population. In 2010, Hispanics represented _____ percent of the population. a. 12 b. 14 c. 20 d. 16

Q: James Q. Wilson said that the single most striking fact about the attitudes of citizens, both black and white, toward the police is that these attitudes generally are: a. apathetic b. negative c. positive d. ambivalent

Q: In a nationwide poll asking people how much confidence they have in the police, 56 percent answered: a. a great deal b. some c. very little d. none

Q: The human relations training program that is designed to provide participants an opportunity to learn more about themselves and their impact on others is called: a. objectivity training b. sensitivity training c. behavior enlightenment d. participation training

Q: The police"community relations movement (PCR) developed out of the: a. efforts at team policing in the 1950s b. efforts of police reform after the Wickersham Report c. riots and civil disorders of the 1960s d. the Rodney King incident of 199l

Q: The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice reported in 1967 that police relations with minority groups had: a. sunk to explosively low levels b. improved somewhat over the years c. improved significantly over the years d. remained the same

Q: Everything done with each other as human beings in all kinds of relationships is the definition of: a. community relations b. public relations c. human relations d. incarceration

Q: According to the author, the police should be seen by the community as: a. an army of occupation b. mercenaries c. part of the community d. impartial enforcers of the law

Q: In an MCI program, patrol officers play very limited roles in the investigation of past crimes.

Q: The single most important determinant of whether or not a crime is solved is the quality of work performed by the detectives.

Q: In smaller departments, detectives tend to be generalists.

Q: Police and business owners are now posting videos on the __________ website in order to allow the public to see suspected criminals.

Q: Inducing an individual to commit a crime he or she did not contemplate for the sole purpose of instituting an arrest and criminal prosecution against the offender is called __________

Q: The __________is an operation in which an undercover police officer purchases drugs from a subject, and then leaves the scene and contacts the backup team, which responds and arrests the seller.

Q: The advances of __________technology have led to the increase in the use of cold-case squads to solve crimes.

Q: A covert investigation involving plainclothes officers is called a(n) __________ investigation.

Q: __________ operations are undercover police operations in which police officers pose as criminals in order to arrest law violators; for example, they might be used to apprehend thieves and recover stolen property.

Q: A(n) __________ is the hidden surveillance of a location or person; for example, a group of heavily armed officers might hide in an area of a store or building to wait for an impending holdup.

Q: In __________ operations, officers dress as, and play the role of, potential victimsdrunks, nurses, business people, tourists, prostitutes, blind people, isolated subway riders, and the like.

Q: In __________ operations, officers dressed in civilian clothes try to intermingle into an area and patrol it on foot or in unmarked police cars in an attempt to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime.

Q: The two basic types of decoy operations are __________ and __________

Q: __________ are responsible for the vast majority of all arrests.

Q: ROPs concentrate on __________

Q: The Rand study of the investigative process resulted in a proposal regarding a more effective way to investigate past crimes. The program outlined in this proposal is called __________

Q: A study by Florida State University released in 2006 found that offenders tracked by GPS were ____________________ percent less likely to abscond or reoffend than those not monitored. a. 26 b. 49 c. 70 d. 90

Q: Plainclothes officers' efforts to blend into an area and attempt to catch a criminal are called: a. coercing b. blending c. shadowing d. marking

Q: Entrapment is a(n) ____________________ defense. a. perfect b. good faith c. equitable d. affirmative

Q: A legal defense that holds that police originated the criminal idea or initiated the criminal action is called: a. civil code b. entrapment c. police solicitation d. entanglement

Q: ____________________ are effective in cases in which the police receive a tip that a crime is going to occur in a commercial establishment or in which the police discover or come upon a pattern. a. Stings b. Stakeouts c. Decoys d. Inventories

Q: An investigative unit that reexamines old cases that have remained unsolved is called a: a. special acquired-technique squad (SATS) b. hot-case squad c. cold-case squad d. geriatric unit

Q: What system has greatly improved the surveillance of offenders? a. Johansen system b. adult monitoring system (AMS) c. probation positioning enhancement system (PPES) d. global positioning system (GPS)

Q: The case of Carlie Brucia was solved in part due to: a. testimonial evidence of her sister b. the use of surveillance cameras c. the use of DNA analysis d. the implementation of a GPS tracking system

Q: The Rand report said that half of all detectives could be replaced without negatively influencing: a. recidivism reduction b. crime clearance rates c. offender rehabilitation d. undercover programs

Q: Many cities have turned to civil liability (or code) enforcement teams to attempt to deal with ____________________ that have a negative effect on the quality of life in their communities. a. local problems b. local ordinances c. homelessness d. state laws

Q: Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following except: a. robbers b. purse snatchers c. persons committing larcenies from autos d. murderers

Q: Dressing as and playing the role of a potential crime victim is known as: a. a decoy operation b. an envoy operation c. a convoy operation d. targeting

Q: Marvin Wolfgang discovered that most predatory street crime in the United States is committed by: a. only a few criminals b. convicted felons c. sex offenders d. individuals under the influence of drugs

Q: The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be disseminated to officers on the street is called ____________________. a. criminal profiling b. CompStat c. crime mapping d. crime analysis

Q: Nationally, police are only able to clear ____________________ percent of all property crimes reported to them. a. 18.3 b. 46.3 c. 65.8 d. 87.1

Q: The vast majority of all arrests are made: a. at the scene of the crime b. within 48 hours c. within 2 weeks d. within 1 month

Q: In a case enhancement program, detectives: a. debrief suspects to obtain further information b. assist arresting officers in preparing a case for court c. engage in liaison with the district attorney d. all of these choices

Q: Programs concentrating investigative resources on career criminals are called: a. targeting programs b. proactive programs c. repeat offender programs d. anti"career criminal programs

Q: Nationally, police are able to clear only____________________ percent of all violent crimes reported to them. a. 16.5 b. 47.2 c. 65.8 d. 87.1

Q: The Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program is designed to put most of an investigator's time and effort into: a. all misdemeanors that have a chance to be solved b. only very important cases and cases that actually can be solved c. only cases in which the complainant agrees to cooperate d. none of these choices

Q: Which of the following is a solvability factor in the Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program? a. Is there a witness? b. Is a suspect named or known? c. Will the complainant cooperate? d. all of these choices

Q: The Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program involves all of the following except: a. case screening b. solvability factors c. case enhancement d. alternative patrol techniques

Q: The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that ____________________ should be directed to conduct thorough preliminary investigations. a. detectives b. supervisors c. nonsworn personnel d. patrol officers

Q: The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives should only be assigned to preliminary investigations of: a. misdemeanors b. crimes of violence c. very serious or complex preliminary investigations d. all of these choices

Q: The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on television, is called the: a. detective mystique b. detective role c. detective model d. detective initiative

Q: Detectives in a centralized squad are considered ____________________. a. specialists b. generalists c. in field training d. felony-only detectives

Q: Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered ____________________. a. specialists b. generalists c. in field training d. felony-only detectives

Q: The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is the information the victim supplies to the ____________________. a. detective b. immediately responding patrol officer c. dispatcher d. supervisor

Q: One of the primary purposes of police patrol is to prevent crime by creating a sense of: a. security b. omniscience c. omnipresence d. community awareness

Q: When Mark Willman and John Snortum duplicated the Rand and PERF findings in a study of detective work in 1984, they found that in cases reported to a suburban police department, most cases that were solved were solved when: a. the victim identified the perpetrator in a photo line-up b. the perpetrator was identified as a "person of interest" c. the perpetrator confessed d. the perpetrator was identified at the scene of the crime

Q: The investigative process begins with: a. a call to 911 b. assignment by the sergeant c. a citizen complaint d. the patrol officer

Q: The Rand study was called ____________________ a. The Criminal Investigation Process b. Today's Criminal Investigators c. Patrolling the Streets d. Crime in America

Q: Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that emphasized: a. proactive investigations of future crime by detectives b. follow-up investigations of past crimes by patrol officers c. retroactive investigations of past crimes by detectives d. cold-case investigations

Q: During the 1990s, the crime rates across the country: a. went up in aggregate b. went down at an unprecedented rate c. remained constant d. went up for some crimes and down for others

Q: Detail the pros and cons of police Internet registries.

Q: Explain the detective mystique and how it has developed.

Q: Define "solvability factor," and list some examples.

Q: Explain the process of mentoring a new detective.