Q&A Hero

Q: Search warrants are necessary for all searches by police officers.

Q: Probable cause is the standard of proof a police officer needs to conduct a stop and frisk.

Q: Reasonable suspicion is the standard of proof a police officer needs to make an arrest.

Q: In __________, the U.S. Supreme Court provided guidance to law enforcement officers in assessing how much time they are required to wait prior to making a forcible entry after knocking and announcing their presence and demanding entry in a warrant case.

Q: In the case of Scott v. Harris, the U.S. Supreme Court used the __________ test to determine the reasonableness of the seizure in question.

Q: The pattern of brutality and violence historically used by the police to obtain confessions by suspects is known as the __________

Q: The questioning of a person in police custody regarding his or her participation in a crime is called __________

Q: A __________ is the detaining of a person by a law enforcement officer for the purpose of investigation, accompanied by a superficial examination of the person's body surface or clothing to discover weapons, contraband, or other objects relating to criminal activity.

Q: The amount of force an officer can use when making an arrest is called __________

Q: The standard of proof that is necessary for police officers to conduct stops and frisks is known as __________

Q: Arrests can be made with or without a __________

Q: Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it is known as __________

Q: In __________, the Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule to state courts.

Q: If evidence is found to be in violation of the exclusionary rule, it must be __________

Q: The __________ is an interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment by the U.S. Supreme Court that holds that evidence seized in violation of the U.S. Constitution cannot be used in court against a defendant.

Q: The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also known as the __________

Q: The Crime Index Offenses Cleared section of the UCR lists the __________ for Index crimes.

Q: The two official measures of crime in the United States are the __________ and the __________

Q: The police identification process that involves bringing a suspect back to the scene of the crime or another place (for example, a hospital where an injured victim is) where the suspect can be seen and possibly identified by a victim or witness of a crime is called a: a. showup b. showdown c. line array d. lineup

Q: Which of the following is a violation of the Miranda ruling? a. tape-recording unknowing suspects who were placed alone in a patrol car under arrest b. using a jail informant to report what a suspect tells him or her c. placing a tape recorder in an interrogation room while leaving the suspect alone d. directly questioning the suspect about the crime while in a patrol car and en route to the jail

Q: The Miranda ruling set out certain guidelines that the police must follow during interrogation; however, an exception to the Miranda warning allows questions to be asked: a. to ensure the immediate safety of the public b. regarding citizenship c. about discarded narcotics d. of a person under the age of 21

Q: Which of the following is not considered an actual search by the U.S. Supreme Court? a. stop and frisk b. border check c. trained drug-dog sniff d. search after a hot pursuit

Q: When conducting a stop and frisk, officers may search: a. the outer clothing of the individual b. the outer and inner clothing of the individual c. inside the individual's shoes d. only inside the individual's pockets

Q: Which of the following has the Supreme Court not recognized as an exigent circumstance? a. preventing an escape b. to render immediate aid to a person in need of assistance c. to check an identity d. to prevent destruction of evidence

Q: Which of the following is not an exception to the search warrant requirement? a. a crime scene b. a border search c. exigent circumstances d. plain view

Q: The purpose of a police inventory search of a vehicle is to: a. recover weapons b. recover any evidence c. account for all the contents of the vehicle d. look for elements of a crime

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that a warrantless search of a vehicle is valid if the police have probable cause to believe that the car contains evidence that they are seeking. This decision is known as the: a. Stout doctrine b. Carroll doctrine c. exclusionary rule d. fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine

Q: A border search can be made without: a. probable cause b. a warrant c. any articulable suspicion d. all of these choices

Q: The "third degree" ended as a result of what U.S. Supreme Court decision? a. Terry v. Ohio b. Brown v. Mississippi c. Carroll v. United States d. Miranda v. Arizona

Q: The right to counsel contained within the Miranda ruling applies only when the subject of an interrogation: a. is in custody b. is accused of a felony crime c. has been deemed indigent d. has made an admission of guilt

Q: The Supreme Court ruled in Burdeau v. McDowell that ____________________ apply/applies only to the actions of government agents, and not to those of private citizens or private security employees. a. county ordinances b. local ordinances c. state statutes d. the Bill of Rights

Q: Which type of tactics constituted the brutal and violent methods police historically practiced to obtain confessions? a. hammering b. first degree c. third degree d. drop down

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court has made a significant impact on the way police do their job through its policy of: a. judicial review b. probable cause c. third-degree tactics

Q: This national survey lists the number of all law enforcement employees for each reporting town, city, and county in America. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: This national survey lists all arrests made in the United States. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: This national survey is prepared by the National Institute of Justice. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: This national survey is prepared by the FBI. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: This national survey is based on a random survey of American homes. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: This national survey is based on reports made to the police from crime victims. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: Which constitutional amendment states that "no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized"? a. First b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Sixth

Q: Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures? a. First b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Sixth

Q: This case ruled that a person in police custody must be advised of his or her constitutional rights prior to interrogation or the information obtained can be excluded. a. Brown v. Mississippi b. McNabb v. United States c. Escobedo v. United States d. Miranda v. Arizona

Q: Due to the mobility of an automobile, this case allowed police to search automobiles upon probable cause but without a search warrant. a. Florida v. Bostick b. California v. Greenwood c. Hester v. United States d. Carroll v. United States

Q: This case allowed searches, also known as "pat-downs," during field interrogations. a. Chimel v. California b. Terry v. Ohio c. United States v. Matlock d. Abel v. United States

Q: This case allowed certain searches incident to arrest. a. Chimel v. California b. Terry v. Ohio c. United States v. Matlock d. Abel v. United States

Q: "Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it" is the definition of: a. beyond a reasonable doubt b. reasonable suspicion c. probable cause d. likely evidence

Q: This case established the exclusionary rule in federal courts. a. Weeks v. United States b. Wolf v. Colorado c. Rochin v. California d. Mapp v. Ohio

Q: This case applied the exclusionary rule to all state courts. a. Weeks v. United States b. Wolf v. Colorado c. Rochin v. California d. Mapp v. Ohio

Q: Each year, police in the United States make about ____________________ million arrests for all criminal infractions except traffic violations. a. 61.3 b. 51.0 c. 13.7 d. 6.2

Q: Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs least each year is: a. murder b. rape c. robbery d. felonious assault

Q: Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs most each year is: a. theft b. motor vehicle theft c. burglary d. felonious assault

Q: Discuss how the war on terror has affected community policing.

Q: Discuss the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services and the effect it has had on law enforcement. In your opinion, has this office been a success? What have been the positive and negative aspects of this office?

Q: Discuss the difference between problem-oriented policing and incident-driven policing.

Q: Discuss the successes of the New York Police Department and its experience with community policing.

Q: Name three of the programs administered and supported by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) of the U.S. Department of Justice and discuss them.

Q: Discuss how community policing strategies are being used in the fight against terror and the ways in which community policing can contribute to homeland security.

Q: Discuss the contributions of Herman Goldstein to the concept of problem-solving policing.

Q: Discuss the importance of the research of scholars James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling to the concept of community policing.

Q: Define problem-solving policing, and give three specific examples of actual problem-solving policing programs.

Q: Define community policing, and give three specific examples of actual community policing programs.

Q: Using a COPS methamphetamine grant, Salt Lake City established a task force involving more than 30 government agencies working together to prevent the use and production of methamphetamine.

Q: Many states and larger cities have created state and local fusion centers to share information and intelligence within their jurisdictions as well as with the federal government.

Q: In a resident officer program, a police officer works in the same neighborhood he or she lives in.

Q: The 1994 Crime Bill provided that all new police officers hired in the United States would be paid entirely by federal funding.

Q: Surveys indicate that the public does not support community policing and those strategies that are indicative of community policing.

Q: The four elements of the problem-solving strategy are: scanning, analysis, planning, and response.

Q: Researchers who traveled to St. Petersburg, Florida, to observe changes occurring in police roles and police"community relations after the implementation of community policing found that the citizens seemed satisfied with community policing.

Q: The 41st Precinct in the Bronx earned the nickname "The Alamo."

Q: The concept of problem-oriented policing can be attributed to Herman Goldstein.

Q: The authors of the seminal article ""˜Broken Windows': Police and Neighborhood Safety" were O. W. Wilson and Wesley K. Skogan.

Q: Three corporate strategies for policing discussed at Harvard's Executive Sessions on Policing were strategic policing, community policing, and problem-solving policing.

Q: A __________ is an organization composed of individuals from various federal, state, county, and municipal law enforcement agencies in an area through which these individuals facilitate the gathering and sharing of intelligence information and the evaluation of this information.

Q: An untapped resource that can greatly contribute to the mission of keeping the homeland safe and that could prove to be an extremely valuable partner to law enforcement is the __________industry.

Q: The plan initiated in 1997 allowing police officers to receive 50 percent discounts and low-cost loans to purchase homes in "distressed" areas nationwide was called the __________ program.

Q: __________ was established to administer the grant money provided by the 1994 Crime Bill and to promote community policing.

Q: Programs through which officers live in particular communities to strengthen relations between the police and the community are called __________

Q: __________ involves a continued reliance on traditional policing operations.

Q: Community policing is more easily facilitated with the __________ available today.

Q: __________ involves officers thinking, not just responding to yet another call for duty.