Q&A Hero

Criminal Law

Q: For law enforcement purposes, the acronym CAD means: a. computer-assisted department b. computer-aided dispatch c. computer-automatic dispatch d. centralized audio dispatch
Q: Today, computerization is suitable for: a. only police departments serving cities with a population of one million citizens or more b. only police departments serving cities with a population of 100,000 or more c. any police department, regardless of size d. organizations such as businesses, not police departments
Q: The first police department with a computer system (in 1964) was: a. New York City b. San Francisco c. Los Angeles d. St. Louis
Q: Describe the CSI effect and explain the challenges it has created for investigators, forensic experts, and juries.
Q: List the major sections of a police crime lab and discuss the evidence each examines.
Q: Define DNA, and explain the accuracy of the results of genetic fingerprinting.
Q: What are some threats to civil liberties posed by recent technology?
Q: Discuss the advantages of computer-aided dispatch (CAD) systems, including enhanced CAD.
Q: What are robots used for in policing today?
Q: Discuss the history of the use of DNA in courts and explain its status in courts today.
Q: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of less-than-lethal weapons in policing.
Q: Discuss the latest innovations in the examination of fingerprints.
Q: Discuss the many ways in which the computer is revolutionizing police work.
Q: Mitochondrial DNA is more useful for identification than nuclear DNA.
Q: Less-than-lethal technology is the perfect weapon available that will immediately stop unlawful resistance and will cause absolutely no harm to the receiver.
Q: The BlackBerry can be loaded with specialized law enforcement programs allowing the user to query the NCIC database as well as other state and motor vehicle department databases.
Q: PCR-STR procedures for the analysis of DNA evidence allow samples that have degraded or broken down to be analyzed.
Q: It is impossible to change one's fingerprints.
Q: Composite sketches of suspects can be prepared by computers without the assistance of a police artist.
Q: Age-progression photographs are prepared by forensic artists rather than computers.
Q: The latest in night vision technology includes infrared (IR) technology and thermal imaging (TI). This technology requires no light at all to see objects in total darkness.
Q: There are six classifications of fingerprints.
Q: Lasers can be used to lift fingerprints from surfaces that often defy traditional powder or chemical techniques, including glass, paper, cardboard, rubber, wood, plastic, leather, and even human skin.
Q: Automated fingerprint identification systems began to be developed in the 1980s.
Q: Computers have not yet been used for patrol allocation operations.
Q: Because computer-aided investigation systems have not proven to be very effective in the criminal investigation process, they are being abandoned by many police departments in the United States.
Q: ViCAP contains information on all unsolved crimes in the United States.
Q: The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) is maintained by DHS.
Q: Police officers with in-car data access technology make more than eight times as many inquiries on driving records, vehicle registrations, and wanted persons or property per eight-hour shift than do officers without in-car computers.
Q: __________ DNA is very useful in solving cold cases due to its hardiness and ability not to break down easily.
Q: __________ is the science of identifying, collecting, preserving, documenting, examining, analyzing, and presenting evidence from computers, computer networks, and other electronic devices.
Q: __________ is one branch of forensic science that deals with the study of physical evidence related to crime.
Q: __________ is that part of science applied to answering legal questions.
Q: The __________ is a handheld electronic stun gun that discharges a high-voltage, low-amperage, pulsating current via tiny wires and darts, which can be fired from up to 15 feet away.
Q: __________ technology enables a print technician to enter unidentified latent prints into the computer.
Q: OC in pepper spray stands for __________
Q: __________ prints are fingerprint impressions left at a crime scene.
Q: __________ prints are the result of the process of rolling each finger onto a ten-print card using fingerprinting ink.
Q: Trace evidence is analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.
Q: Alcohol and drugs or controlled substances are analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.
Q: Handwriting analysis is performed by the __________ section of the crime lab.
Q: Blood and semen evidence is analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.
Q: Gun and bullet evidence is analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.
Q: DNA is the abbreviation for __________
Q: FATS stands for __________
Q: CAI stands for __________
Q: The forerunner in the use of modern sophisticated automated crime analysis was the New York City Police Department's __________ program.
Q: ViCAP stands for __________
Q: NCIC stands for __________
Q: _____ are devices put into police vehicles that allow the electronic transmission of messages between the police dispatcher and the officers in the field.
Q: In law enforcement, CAD stands for __________
Q: The first scientist to use DNA profiling in a criminal case was: a. Alec Jeffreys b. Joseph Wambaugh c. Barry Scheck d. Gerald Sheindlin
Q: Deoxyribonucleic acid is otherwise known as: a. DMA b. DEA c. DYA d. DNA
Q: The analysis of poisons and other toxic substances in a person's body is called forensic: a. toxicology b. pathology c. physical anthropology d. odontology
Q: The examination of dead bodies is called forensic: a. toxicology b. pathology c. physical anthropology d. odontology
Q: The examination of skeletal remains is called forensic: a. toxicology b. pathology c. physical anthropology d. odontology
Q: The branch of forensic science that identifies corpses through dental examination is called forensic: a. toxicology b. pathology c. physical anthropology d. odontology
Q: What is used in the examination of guns and bullets? a. ballistics b. serology c. criminalistics d. chemistry
Q: Why do Dickerson v. United States and cases following this decision constitute important case law?
Q: Describe the development of the requirement that one be advised of one's constitutional rights prior to police interrogation when in police custody. Cite and discuss several U.S. Supreme Court cases to show the changes in police interrogation procedures over time.
Q: List several of the exceptions to the warrant requirement in search and seizure cases, and cite and discuss several U.S. Supreme Court cases to illustrate the exceptions.
Q: How do the Bill of Rights and the actions of the U.S. Supreme Court regulate the police?
Q: Explain the significance of the Scott v. Harris decision.
Q: Cite five cases involving the police and custodial interrogation. Describe how these cases led to the current custodial interrogation rules in the United States.
Q: Cite five cases involving the police and search and seizure. Describe how these cases led to the current search and seizure rules in the United States.
Q: What is the exclusionary rule? Describe its development. How has this rule had an impact on the police and the public?
Q: Explain the significance of Berghuis v. Thompkins as it concerns interrogations.
Q: Describe the two methods used to measure the amount of crime in the United States, and discuss the differences between them.
Q: Berghuis v. Thompkins determined that defendants must make an affirmative statement or action to expressly waive their right to remain silent or to have a lawyer present during questioning.
Q: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that suspicionless searches of parolees by law enforcement officers are unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment.
Q: The U.S Supreme Court, in Kyllo v. United States, ruled that the use of a thermal imager is not considered a search under the Fourth Amendment.
Q: A passenger in a vehicle has the same right as a driver to challenge the constitutionality of a traffic stop.
Q: A police officer's attempt to terminate a dangerous high-speed car chase that threatens the lives of innocent bystanders does not violate the Fourth Amendment, even when it places the fleeing motorist at risk of serious injury or death.
Q: Forced extraction of blood by a doctor from a man who is arrested for driving while intoxicated is not a violation of that man's constitutional rights.
Q: An attorney is required at every showup.
Q: An attorney is required at every lineup.
Q: An equivocal or ambiguous request for counsel in a custodial interrogation case is not sufficient to force police to stop questioning a suspect and provide an attorney.
Q: In 1995, in Arizona v. Evans, the Supreme Court extended the "good faith" exception to the Fourth Amendment by creating a "computer errors" exception.
Q: Search and seizure is governed by the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Q: A police officer can search without a warrant if consent is given by a person having authority to give such consent.
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