Q&A Hero

Q: Most defendants whose charges are not dropped ultimately a. go to trialb. plead guiltyc. serve long prison sentencesd. are not guilty by reason insanity

Q: A court order issued by a judge authorizing police officers to make arrests or search premises is called a(n)a. Arrestb. Warrant c. Baild. Booking

Q: A "true bill" coming from a grand jury and charging a suspect with a specific crime is called a(n)a. arrestb. warrantc. indictment d. booking

Q: When a person is physically taken into custody, this is called a(n)a. warrant b. arrestc. indictment d. information

Q: The United States has a a. dual court systemb. triple court system c. one court systemd. quadruple court system

Q: The determination of whether or not a defendant is guilty is called a. Adjudicationb. indictment c. bookingd. information

Q: Which of the following occurs at the initial appearance?a. the suspect is fingerprintedb. the suspect is notified of the official charges against him/her c. the judge decides whether probable cause existsd. the suspect enters his/her plea

Q: The criminal justice system practitioners use all of the following characteristics EXCEPT ?a. Discretionb. Resource dependence c. Filteringd. Complete independence of actors

Q: A key concept in the criminal justice process involving the mutual transfer of resources among individual actors is calleda. exchangeb. due process c. systemd. discretion

Q: The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one's own judgment is referred to asa. exchangeb. due process c. systemd. discretion

Q: Which of the following is TRUE concerning the criminal justice system and the United States Constitution?a. the United States Constitution does not discuss the criminal justice system specifically b. the United States Constitution dictates how state agencies should be runc. the United States Constitution created the state police agenciesd. the United States Constitution created the federal law enforcement agencies

Q: Which of the following administer prisons, jails, and other corrections facilities and programs?a. federal government b. state governments c. city governmentsd. all of the above

Q: The concept of dividing power between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments is called a. confederacyb. federalismc. constitutional d. political

Q: Which of the following statements BEST explains the goals of the criminal justice system?a. the actions of citizens taking simple precautions cannot prevent crime b. efforts to control crime allow police to go beyond the lawc. decisions must be made that reflect legal, social, political, and moral values of society d. all of these are true

Q: According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT a goal of the criminal justice system?a. doing justiceb. controlling crime c. preventing crime d. increasing crime

Q: A type of social process theory that stresses that social links to keep people in line with accepted norms is called a. labeling theory b. learning theory c. control theory d. normal theory

Q: An explanation of criminal acts that argues being a member of a social group shapes behavior is called a. Biological b. Psychological c. Sociological d. Physiological

Q: Psychoanalytic theory explains criminal behavior as resulting from a. overdeveloped id b. perfectly developed ego c. underdeveloped or overdeveloped superego d. underdeveloped or overdeveloped ego

Q: Freud's psychoanalytic theory focuses on a. adult experiences causing criminal behavior b. social explanations of crime c. biological explanations of crime d. unconscious drives and forces explaining crime

Q: What stage of life is most significant in Sigmund Freud's theory of personality? a. fetal development b. early childhood c. Adulthood d. middle age

Q: Which class of theory views the cause of criminal behavior from a mental condition, a personality disturbance, or limited intellect a. biological explanations b. psychological explanations c. criminogenic explanations d. sociological explanations

Q: If a person is defined as criminogenic, this means that he/she a. became a criminal as an adult b. was born a criminal c. became a criminal as a result of a traumatic experience d. will never become a criminal

Q: Which type of criminology used science to study the body, mind, and environment of the offender? a. classical b. neoclassical c. positivist d. victimology

Q: Which of the following is not a main principle of classical criminology? a. criminal behavior is rational b. people who commit crimes weigh the costs and benefits c. fear of punishment keeps most people in check d. punishment should be tailored to each individual person

Q: The fear of crime is fed by a. television b. news media c. personal communication in social networks d. all of the above

Q: The fear of crime is greatest in a. rural areas b. suburban areas c. urban areas d. the workplace

Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE about how Americans refer to crime? a. crime rates are increasing and Americans are not fearful of crime b. crime rates are decreasing and Americans are not fearful of crime c. crime rates are increasing and Americans are fearful of crime d. crime rates are decreasing and Americans are fearful of crime

Q: According to recent statistics, the crime the highest percentage of Americans fear or worry over is now: a. getting mugged b. getting murdered c. being the victim of identity theft d. being a victim of terrorism

Q: Crime in poor areas is ALWAYS: a. high b. low c. moderate d. non-existent e. None of the above because others factors shift the results

Q: According to the Lifestyle Exposure Model, which of the following does not affect victimization?a. exposureb. associationsc. lifestyled. adaptations e. self-control

Q: According to your text, which of the following statements BEST reflects race victim crime statistics? a. most violent crime is interracial b. whites are most likely to be victims of violent crime c. most victims and offenders are from different social classes d. whites are not fearful of being victimized by black strangers e. African-Americans and other minorities are most likely to be victims of violent crimes

Q: According to the lifestyle exposure model, who is most likely to be victimized because of where they live and how they spend their leisure time? a. elderly white females b. elderly white males c. elderly black females d. young black males e. young white males

Q: Wilson and Herrnstein's book, Crime and Human Nature (1985), argued that certain biological factors such as sex, age, body type, and intelligence predispose some people to crime. a. True b. False

Q: If crime is learned behavior, then there should exist policies to promote stable families. a. True b. False

Q: Theories of crime causation DO NOT affect laws and crime policies. a. True b. False

Q: Labeling is an example of a social process theory. a. True b. False

Q: Marxism is an example of social conflict theory. a. True b. False

Q: Research shows that the number of women being arrested has decreased significantly. a. True b. False

Q: Most theories about crime focus on both the poor and wealthy. a. True b. False

Q: Most theories about crime are based on men. a. True b. False

Q: Emilie Durkheim believed that crime was an unnatural part of social life. a. True b. False

Q: A state of anomie is where rules or norms that guide behavior have been strengthened or reinforced. a. True b. False

Q: Freud proposed a psychoanalytic theory that crime is caused by unconscious drives and forces. a. True b. False

Q: Cesare Lombroso's medical training led him to believe that certain people are born criminals. a. True b. False

Q: Positivist criminologists believe that science can be used to discover the causes of crime and to treat deviants. a. True b. False

Q: Classical criminology argues that criminal behavior is irrational. a. True b. False

Q: Television feeds our fear of crime a. True b. False

Q: Crime has many kinds of costs including economic, psychological, and emotional.a. Trueb. False

Q: Repetitive victimization refers to individuals who are victimized by crime more than once during a relatively brief period of time.a. Trueb. False

Q: Similar to men, women who engage in criminal activity disproportionately come from poor families.a. Trueb. False

Q: Race is a key factor in exposure to crime.a. Trueb. False

Q: Wealthy people can take measures to protect themselves from some types of crime.a. Trueb. False

Q: Reduction in crime rates reduces the fear of crime.a. Trueb. False

Q: Fear of crime is greatest in urban areas.a. Trueb. False

Q: The intangible costs of crime are small.a. Trueb. False

Q: The tangible costs of crime are large.a. Trueb. False

Q: Personal lifestyles do not influence exposure to victimization.a. Trueb. False

Q: Theories that identify factors affecting the start, duration, nature, and end of criminal behavior over the life of an offender is known as _______.

Q: _______hold that criminal behavior occurs when the bonds that tie an individual to society are broken or weakened.

Q: _______study the role victims play in precipitating a criminal incident and the impact of crimes on victims.

Q: ______are factors thought to bring about criminal behavior in an individual.

Q: One impact of crime is_______, which limits freedom.

Q: Feminist researchers focus on the impact of critical life events, such as victimization, to determine why some women engage in criminal behavior.

Q: The idea that criminal law is a way for the rich to control the poor is called _______theory.

Q: The idea that criminal law is a way for the rich to control the poor is called _______ theory.

Q: Beginning in the 1990's, theorist recognized that female criminality was best explained using the criminological theory branch of _________.

Q: The argument that crime is a natural part of social life was set forth by _________.

Q: Freud's personality theory is comprised of the id, the ego, and the ________ .

Q: The argument that criminals are born criminal was purported by_________ .

Q: _______criminology maintains that crimes result from rational choices.

Q: _______criminology maintains that human behavior is controlled by physical, mental, and social factors.

Q: An Essay on Crimes and Punishments was written by ______in 1764.

Q: The ______model argues that someone lives and how a person spends leisure time determines where the likelihood of becoming a victim of crime.

Q: In regard to gender, ______are more likely to become victims of crime.

Q: Fear of crime is greatest in ______ areas.

Q: A field of criminology that examines the role of the victim is called _______ .

Q: The ________ increases our fear of crime by reporting on crime stories to build viewership and sell papers..

Q: _______ are more likely than whites to be victims of crime.

Q: Explain Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and how it relates to criminal activity.

Q: Explain Cesare Lomroso's biological theory focusing on criminogenic traits. Are such theories used in modern criminology? Why or why not?