Q&A Hero

Q: Ly'ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called into a local municipality police department to assist in a theftof approximately 50,000 dollars. Ly'ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant will admit guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.Ly'ana was allowed to assist local law enforcement due to law passed by _______. a. The US Presidentb. Congress c. Mayord. The Governor

Q: Ly'ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called into a local municipality police department to assist in a theftof approximately 50,000 dollars. Ly'ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant will admit guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.The offender in Ly'ana's case agreed to an 18 month prison sentence. The offender is what percent of convicted felons in prison/jail?a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50

Q: Ly'ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called into a local municipality police department to assist in a theftof approximately 50,000 dollars. Ly'ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant will admit guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.Both the prosecution and defense agreed to an exchange relationship in Ly'ana's case. Which of the following represent an exchange?a. sequential tasks b. filtering process c. discretiond. plea bargain

Q: Ly'ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called into a local municipality police department to assist in a theftof approximately 50,000 dollars. Ly'ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant will admit guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.Ly'ana has been called in to assist the local police department in a theft of $50,000. Ly'ana represents the federal law enforcement. What act, passed by Congress, allows Ly'ana to assist the department?a. Commission on Law Enforcement Act b. Homeland Security Actc. National Stolen Property Act d. Transporation Security Act

Q: Explain why African American men have a difficult time in the criminal justice system.

Q: Determine and explain what constitutes racial profiling. Give three examples of racial profiling.

Q: Explain the layers of the criminal justice wedding cake.

Q: Explain how plea bargaining is an exchange within the criminal justice system.

Q: Explain why discretion is such an important component to the criminal justice system. Could the American criminal justice system exist without discretion? Why or why not?

Q: List and describe the 13 steps in the decision making process.

Q: Explain how law enforcement, courts, and corrections work together to form the criminal justice system. Explain the duties of each subsystem.

Q: _____and parole have long been important aspects of corrections, as have community-based halfway houses, work release programs, and supervised activities.

Q: Courts are responsible for ________--determining whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty.

Q: A ____ occurs when the defense attorney and the prosecutor reach an agreement: The defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a reduction of charges or a lighter sentence.

Q: _____ is the unequal treatment of members of one demographic group by the criminal justice system, compared with treatment accorded members of other groups.

Q: At the ____ the suspect is brought before a judge and are given formal notice of the charge(s) for which they are being held, advised of their rights, and, if approved by the judge, given a chance to post bail.

Q: Which of the following is not a major duty of law enforcement agencies?a. keeping the peace b. preventing crimec. providing social servicesd. providing probation services

Q: To achieve the goals of criminal justice, many kinds of organizations--police, prosecution, _____ , corrections have been formed.a. courtsb. defensec. bail bonds d. magistrate

Q: The _______ is better able than any state agency to pursue criminal investigations across state borders. a. US Marshalb. Secret Service c. FBId. Homeland Security

Q: The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and ____those who disobey the law.a. punishing b. sentencing c. correcting d. instructing

Q: An _____ is returned by a grand jury as a true bill charging an individual with a specific crime on the basis of a determination of probable cause. a. informationb. arrestc. warrantd. indictment

Q: A document charging an individual with a specific crime, which is prepared by a prosecuting attorney and presented to a court at a preliminary hearing is an _________.a. indictment b. information c. arraignment d. trial

Q: What impact does the federal budget have on the FBI?

Q: Explain how recent high profile cases may suggest or refute racial disparity within the criminal justice system.

Q: Imagine you are a legislator in your home state. What policy might you suggest for reducing racism in the criminal justice system?

Q: Cole and Smith provide three explanations for why minorities are subjected to the criminal justice system at much higher rates than the white majority. Briefly summarize one of these three explanations and discuss its strengths and weaknesses.

Q: Explain Cole and Smith's use of the concepts of system and exchange to describe the criminal justice system. Is this a useful way to view criminal justice? Why or why not?

Q: There is no evidence of racism in the way society asks the criminal justice system to operate. a. Trueb. False

Q: Minority groups do not suffer greatly from poverty. a. Trueb. False

Q: Minorities are subjected to much higher rates of incarceration than the white majority. a. Trueb. False

Q: In the American criminal justice system, all cases undergo the same process and receive equal attention. a. Trueb. False

Q: Most cases proceed to trial in the American criminal justice system. a. Trueb. False

Q: Because police usually observe the crimes that occur, they are at an advantage in quickly arresting offenders. a. Trueb. False

Q: More than half of convicted offenders are supervised in the community. a. Trueb. False

Q: In the United States, the law may be interpreted differently in various states. a. Trueb. False

Q: Criminal justice agencies are not dependent on others for funding. a. Trueb. False

Q: At all levels of the justice process, there is a high degree of discretion employed by decision makers. a. Trueb. False

Q: Plea bargaining is an example of an exchange relationship in the criminal justice system. a. Trueb. False

Q: Criminal justice is a system of parts - police, courts, corrections - that do not affect each other. a. Trueb. False

Q: Criminal justice in the United States is highly decentralized. a. Trueb. False

Q: Relatively few offenders break federal criminal laws compared to the large numbers who break state criminal laws. a. Trueb. False

Q: Most criminal laws are written by state legislatures and enforced by state agencies. a. Trueb. False

Q: When the United States Constitution was ratified in 1788-1789, it contained few references to criminal justice. a. Trueb. False

Q: The United States Constitution explicitly includes criminal justice among the powers of the federal government. a. Trueb. False

Q: Federalism divides power between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments. a. Trueb. False

Q: Defendants who win appeals typically go free. a. Trueb. False

Q: Congress has refused to expand the powers of the FBI. a. Trueb. False

Q: Congress and President George W. Bush sought to increase the government's effectiveness by creating new federal agencies. a. True b. False

Q: Citizens and their actions can prevent crime. a. Trueb. False

Q: The criminal justice system is designed to control and prevent crime. a. Trueb. False

Q: Decisions made within the system of criminal justice should not have to reflect important values. a. Trueb. False

Q: _______- profiling occurs when police officers disproportionately stop people of color more than whites.

Q: Differential treatment based on race is called ___________.

Q: Most crime in America is __________-racial.

Q: Misdemeanors are at Layer ___________of the criminal justice wedding cake.

Q: The few celebrated cases are at Layer ____________of the criminal justice wedding cake.

Q: The procedure by which an administrative record is made of the arrest is called a ______________.

Q: If a person is taken into custody, this is called a(n) ____________.

Q: The separate judicial structure for each state in addition to a national structure creates a _______________ system.

Q: The criminal justice process may be viewed as a _____ process through which cases are screened.

Q: If an official acts according to his/her own judgment in the criminal justice system, this is called_________.

Q: The mutual transfer of resources is called __________________.

Q: Most criminal cases are heard in ________________court.

Q: The United States Constitution gives specific powers to the _______________government.

Q: The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing those who disobey the ______________.

Q: The three major goals of the three components, (police, courts and corrections) of the American criminal justice system are _________________, ___________________, and _________________.

Q: Federal sentencing guidelines punish users of crack cocaine about one hundred times more harshly than users of powder cocaine. This fact reflects which of the textbook's explanations for racial disparities?a. racial insensitivity and unequal treatment in society can shape criminal justice policy b. crack cocaine is more harmful to society than powder cocainec. few people are arrested for using powder cocained. the effects of powder cocaine are not as strong as crack cocaine

Q: One third of all persons arrested by the police involve which minority group?a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Hispanicsd. Caucasions

Q: How much greater is the per capita incarceration rate for African-Americans as compared to whites?a. twice as greatb. three times as great c. five times as greatd. seven times as great

Q: Compared to whites, African-Americans and Hispanics are drawn into the criminal justice system at a a. slightly lower rateb. slightly higher rate c. similar rated. much higher rate

Q: The inequality of treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared to the treatment accorded other groups, is calleda. federalism b. crimec. disparityd. due process

Q: According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT an explanation for the racial and ethnic disparities that exist within the criminal justice system?a. minorities commit more crimesb. the criminal justice system is racist c. America is a racist societyd. All of the above can explain the disparities

Q: When we say that crime in American is "intraracial," we mean:a. victims and offenders tend to be in different racial groups b. victims and offenders tend to be in the same racial groupc. race does not play a part in who is the victim and who is the offender d. racial differences can only be discovered using intra-group analysis

Q: The State of Michigan v. Christopher Jones illustrated a. the importance of selecting open-minded jurorsb. the difficulties of proving guilt in a rape casec. the prosecutor's use of multiple charges to pressure defendants to plead guilty d. circumstantial evidence cannot be used to convict an offender

Q: What layer of the criminal justice "wedding cake" reflects the priorities of how the criminal justice system deals with felonies of "lesser concerna. topb. bottomc. high-middle d. low-middle

Q: The criminal justice "wedding cake" layers reflect differences in how crimes are prioritized. Based on these priorities, which statement best reflects a summary of these layers?a. all cases are basically the sameb. people who marry are less likely to commit crimesc. different cases receive different kinds of treatmentd. celebrated cases are no different than other cases

Q: What layer of the criminal justice wedding cake consists of serious felonies?a. topb. high-middle c. low-middle d. bottom

Q: What layer of the criminal justice wedding cake consists of misdemeanors?a. topb. high-middle c. low-middle d. bottom

Q: What layer of the criminal justice wedding cake involves celebrated cases that are highly unusual with great public attention resulting in a jury trial?a. topb. high-middle c. low-middle d. bottom

Q: The person who is "the key link between the police and the courts" because he/she considers the facts of the case and decides whether there is probable cause to believe an offense was committed is thea. judgeb. defense attorney c. parole officerd. prosecutor