Q&A Hero

Q: Increasing the number of patrol officers does not have much effect on the crime rate. a. Trueb. False

Q: The political policing era relied heavily on patronage. a. Trueb. False

Q: During the professional policing era, the Progressives were mainly upper-middle class educated Americans. a. Trueb. False

Q: The professional model of police argues that officers should use technology. a. Trueb. False

Q: United States marshals were the officials who tried to bring law and order to the western territories after the Civil War.a. Trueb. False

Q: The roots of American policing lie in the French legal tradition. a. Trueb. False

Q: The United States has no national police force. a. Trueb. False

Q: England has no national police force. a. Trueb. False

Q: The _____ model focuses on serving the community rather than the strict "crime fighting" philosophy of prior eras.

Q: Prior to 1970, domestic violence was viewed as a __________affair.

Q: _____________officers have the most discretion.

Q: The _________style of police is marked by professionalism and an emphasis on law enforcement.

Q: The function of the police that includes providing first aid and helping people is called the _________ function.

Q: The __________is responsible for law enforcement in counties of the United States.

Q: The Director of the FBI from 1924-1972 who was responsible for its prominence was _____________.

Q: The FBI is located within the Department of _________.

Q: Every state except __________has its own law enforcement agency.

Q: The next era of policing will likely be focused on _____________.

Q: The theory that "little problems" can lead to larger crime problems for neighborhoods is called ____________.

Q: The ________era of policing aimed to separate the police department from the political system.

Q: The ________ era of policing involved close ties between elected officials and police.

Q: British police officers were called _________after Sir Robert Peel.

Q: The _________system required that groups of ten families agree to uphold the law.

Q: The recognition that the control of crime cannot rest solely with the police illustrates the idea of a. police abuse of powerb. community crime preventionc. negative attitudes toward policed. the increased role of victims in crime prevention

Q: ____ policing may lead to a greater willingness of residents of minority neighborhoods to report crimes and assist investigations.a. Same raceb. Different race c. Same Sexd. None of the above

Q: Which of the following constitute "special populations"?a. homelessb. drug addicts c. runawaysd. all of the above

Q: Which of the following best describes the relationship of police to minorities?a. friendly b. peacefulc. cooperative d. difficult

Q: Highly publicized cases of women receiving injuries in the presence of police showed that a. police should become less involved with matters of domestic violenceb. police should maintain existing policies in regard to matters of domestic violence c. domestic violence should be handled privatelyd. domestic violence is not a serious problem in America

Q: A strategy for addressing domestic violence that is supported by some research is a. make arrests in all casesb. bring a marriage therapist to the scene of all family fights c. make arrests only when the abuser has a prior recordd. remove the victim from the home and then place the victim in a homeless shelter

Q: Studies of police practices regarding domestic violence that occurred before the women's movement found thata. stopping violence against women was a high priority of policeb. police were less likely to intervene when wives were victimized by their husbands c. most male police officers beat their wivesd. police chiefs prohibited officers from ever making arrests

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about the use of discretion by a police officer?a. the more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore itb. the closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more variable the use of discretion c. policies of the police always promote the use of more discretiond. a suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer

Q: What is the highest level person or organization that has a say over how police apply the law?a. United States Supreme Court b. police commissionersc. United States attorney generals d. the officer on the scene

Q: Which of James Q. Wilson's styles of policing is marked by professionalism and emphasis on law enforcement?a. watchman b. servicec. suburban d. legalistic

Q: Which of the following is TRUE concerning police policy?a. police have unlimited resourcesb. officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers c. decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrestedd. police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters

Q: According to public opinion polls, which function is most important in the minds of citizens?a. law enforcementb. order maintenance c. serviced. departmental

Q: If police officers provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless, this is an example of which police function?a. law enforcementb. order maintenance c. serviced. departmental

Q: A police function that is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or involves face-to-face conflict is calleda. law enforcementb. order maintenance c. serviced. departmental

Q: All but which of the following areas is a priority of the FBI?a. organized crimeb. Lesser value blue collar crime c. terrorismd. political corruption

Q: The Federal Bureau of Investigation came to prominence under the leadership of a. James Q. Wilsonb. Franklin Roosevelt c. Sir Robert Peeld. J. Edgar Hoover

Q: Throughout the United States, police are characterized by a. fragmentation and a national orientationb. consolidation and a national orientation c. fragmentation and a local orientationd. consolidation and a local orientation

Q: When police arrest subway fare beaters, loiterers, and panhandlers, they are focusing on a. quality-of-life crimesb. quantity-of-arrest crimes c. common law crimesd. mens rea crimes

Q: In their article entitled "Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety," James Q. Wilson and George Kelling argued that police should work more ona. the most significant problems such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act b. the little problems such as maintaining orderc. ending corruption within the police forced. being more involved with local political leaders

Q: The community-based model of policing occurred between a. 1790-1820b. 1820-1840 c. 1840-1920d. 1970-present

Q: Which of the following was a leading advocate of professionalism within law enforcement?a. George Kelling b. Catherine Coles c. O. W. Wilsond. Sir John Fielding

Q: Which of the following is NOT an element of the model of professional policing?a. laws should be enforced equallyb. the police force should use new technologyc. the police force should be actively involved in politics d. personnel procedures should be based on merit

Q: Which historical era was influenced by the Progressives?a. The Political Erab. The Professional Erac. The Community Policing Era d. The Reform Era

Q: The political era of policing was characterized by a. civil service selection of officersb. the introduction of automobile patrol and two-way radios c. hiring of officers through connections to elected officials d. urban riots

Q: The historical period of policing known as the political era occurred between a. 1790-1820b. 1820-1840 c. 1840-1920 d. 1920-1970

Q: Which historical era involved close ties between the police and local leaders of government?a. The Political Erab. The Professional Erac. The Community Policing Era d. The Reform Era

Q: In 1285 England, what group of people developed a system whereby people within each community were chosen to apprehend criminals?a. Fielding Amendmentb. Metropolitan Police Actc. Parish-Constable watch system d. Progressives

Q: In London, police commissioners named after Sir Robert Peel were called a. peelersb. robbers c. bertsd. bobbies

Q: In England, when groups of families agreed to uphold the law, keep order, and bring violators to a court, this was called thea. bobbiesb. frankpledgec. commissioners d. service

Q: Protection against ____ means that people cannot be forced to respond to questions whose answers may reveal that they have committed a crime.

Q: _____ is the subjecting of a person to prosecution more than once in the same jurisdiction for the same offense; prohibited by the Fifth Amendment.

Q: Through the process of ____ the Supreme Court during the Warren Court era declared that elements of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and other amendments were part of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Q: The ____ does not refer to a jury of one's peers, instead the Supreme Court has held that the amendment requires a selection process from a cross section of the community.

Q: The Supreme Court ruled in 1993 that the forfeiture of property related to a criminal case can be analyzed for possible violation of the _______clause.

Q: The US Supreme Court Chief Justice is currently John Roberts. a. Trueb. False

Q: Indigent defendants are those who pay for their own attorney. a. Trueb. False

Q: A body of citizens that determines whether the prosecutor possesses sufficient evidence to justify the prosecution of a suspect for serious crime. a. True b. False

Q: The courts have generally upheld the view that ignorance of the law is not excuse for committing an illegal act, but if an accused person has made a (an) _________, that may serve as a defense.a. mistake of fact b. intoxicationc. infancy d. duress

Q: Three factorsthe act (actus reus), the attendant circumstances, and the state of mind (mens rea)are together called the ______of a crime.a. inchoate offense b. concurrencec. legalityd. elements

Q: For a crime to have been committed, there must be a causal relationship between an act and the harm suffered, which is known as _________.a. legalityb. actus reus c. causation d. harm

Q: The confiscation of property by the state because it was used in or acquired through a crime. a. constitutionb. civil forfeiture c. felonyd. misdemeanor

Q: The basic laws of a country or state defining the structure of government and the relationship of citizenships to that government.a. constitutionsb. administrative regulations c. statutesd. forfeiture

Q: Laws passed by legislatures. Statutory definitions of criminal offenses are found in penal codes. a. written lawb. statutesc. common law d. case law

Q: The Anglo-American system of uncodified law, in which judges follow precedents set by earlier decisions when they decide new but similiar cases.a. written law b. statutesc. common law d. case law

Q: Discuss how Presidential appointments can have an impact of the appointment of US Supreme Court Justices.

Q: Your textbook discusses the difference between "not guilty by reason of insanity" and "guilty but mentally ill." Which do you think is the best way to deal with mentally ill offenders? How does mens rea affect the difference between these two verdicts?

Q: Explain why intoxication can be used as a criminal defense, and provide an example of a case in which intoxication might relieve an offender of responsibility.

Q: Discuss the legal arguments as to why and why not the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment right against cruel and unusual punishment?

Q: Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law.

Q: Criminal procedures must meet a basic standard of ______ , according to the Supreme Court.

Q: The chief justice of the United States Supreme Court who brought about a due process revolution was named ___________.

Q: The first ten amendments added to the Constitution in 1791 are called the _______________.

Q: The constitutional amendments that deal with criminal defendants' rights are the Fourth, __________________,_________________, and _______________.

Q: The ____was used as a defense if someone committed a criminal act as a result of mental illness.

Q: A person who was forced to commit a crime is under ___________.

Q: The key component of the entrapment defense is the defendant's __________to commit a crime.

Q: The act of committing a crime is referred to as ___________.