Q&A Hero

Q: A _______ is a community correctional center where an offender reports each day to comply with elements of a sentence.

Q: In Sacramento, California, the probation department added to the functionality of its officers' official vehicles by installing _____ that use cameras to automatically examine and scan for license plates of stolen

Q: A ______ sentence requires the offender to perform a certain amount of unpaid labor in the community.

Q: Studies have shown that the fine is used widely as a criminal sanction and that nationally well over ________in fines have been collected annually.

Q: Probation can end when the probationer status is _______because of misbehavior.

Q: As criminal justice agencies cope with budget cuts, observers anticipate that there may be greater reliance on ________to handle many of the duties previously managed by professionals.

Q: _____ is the conditional release of the offender into the community, under the supervision of correctional officials.

Q: The recidivism rate for probationers is ______than the rate for those who have been incarcerated a. higherb. lower c. samed. slightly above

Q: With passage of two laws in 1970the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) and the Continuing Criminal Enterprise Act (CCE)Congress resurrected ______ , which is the government seizure of property.a. restitution b. forfeiture c. finesd. repayment

Q: Some offenders are allowed to go to a place of employment, education, or treatment during the day but must return to their homes by a specified hour when they have been sentenced to _________.a. community serviceb. intensive supervision probation c. day recovery centersd. home confinement

Q: _____is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional community based programs can provide.a. intensive supervision probation b. shock incarcerationc. house arrest d. probation

Q: Which of the following is not one of the issues that critics state intermediate sanctions have caused?a. wider nets b. empty netsc. stronger nets d. different nets

Q: How has community access to Registered Sex Offender Registries had an impact on community engagement in identifying probation/parole offenders?

Q: How can community engagement promote new ideas in handing offenders on probation?

Q: Morris and Tonry have stated that intermediate sanctions are rarely used in the United States, and judges tend to rely mostly on incarceration and probation. Why do you think judges in the U.S. have an "all or nothing" mentality regarding correctional options?

Q: Why was there previously little support for community corrections? What changes do you believe the public has done to give these programs a chance?

Q: Many believe that boot camps have failed in their attempt to "scare offenders straight". Why do you think these programs have failed?

Q: Offenders today require less supervision. a. Trueb. False

Q: Community Corrections lacks public support. a. Trueb. False

Q: In order to be successful, community corrections programs must be given adequate resourcesa. Trueb. False

Q: Boot camp programs often provide aftercare to help offenders transition back into the community. a. Trueb. False

Q: When given the choice, many offenders choose prison over Intensive Supervision Probation. a. Trueb. False

Q: Offenders serving community service receive small amounts of pay for their work. a. Trueb. False

Q: Passive electronic monitoring systems send constant streams of information to the receiver. a. Trueb. False

Q: The United States Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy. a. Trueb. False

Q: Assets gained from forfeiture are often used to increase law enforcement agencies' budgets. a. Trueb. False

Q: Forfeiture is determined by police officers rather than by judges. a. Trueb. False

Q: Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges. a. Trueb. False

Q: All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offenders who harmed them. a. Trueb. False

Q: Fines exact a heavier toll on the poor than the wealthy. a. Trueb. False

Q: Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the Constitution. a. True b. False

Q: Intermediate sanctions are not used as often as they could be in the United States.a. Trueb. False

Q: Over half of probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer. a. Trueb. False

Q: The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration. a. Trueb. False

Q: People on probation have no constitutional rights. a. Trueb. False

Q: A problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload. a. Trueb. False

Q: Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact. a. Trueb. False

Q: States can use probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault. a. Trueb. False

Q: Persons on probation can refuse drug tests because they maintain the Fourth Amendment right to privacy. a. Trueb. False

Q: Community corrections recognizes that factors within the community that encourage criminal behavior can never be changed. a. True b. False

Q: Rates of _____ for those ending a community corrections sentence are about the same as those offenders leaving prison.

Q: ______occurs when the use of intermediate sanctions results in more people coming under the control of the criminal justice system than would have otherwise.

Q: Intermediate sanctions suffer from the image of being ______________.

Q: Short termed intense Boot camps are also referred to as _____________.

Q: There are two types of ISP: probation diversion and ____________diversion.

Q: A sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specified periods is called _______________.

Q: Seizure by the government of property and other assets is called ___________.

Q: Repayment by an offender to a victim is called ____________.

Q: A sum of money paid to the state by a convicted person as punishment is called a(n) ____________.

Q: Probation can be revoked when a probationer commits a new crime or a _____________.

Q: In ____________________ v. ____________________ , the Supreme Court ruled that probationers have the right to an attorney.

Q: The ____ model emphasis reparation to the victim and the community, approaching crime from a problem-solving perspective.

Q: __________ is considered the first probation officer in the United States.

Q: A conditional sentence allowing the offender to serve the sanctions imposed by the court while having free movement within the community is called _____________.

Q: A return to criminal behavior is called ___________.

Q: Which of the following is true concerning community corrections?a. community corrections receive considerable public supportb. community corrections suffer from an image of being "soft on crime" c. localities have a surplus of resources for community correctionsd. community corrections is declining

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about boot camps?a. they significantly reduce recidivismb. they help to reduce prison overcrowdingc. boot camp graduates are less likely to commit new crimes d. there are more boot camps running every year

Q: Another name for boot camp is a. shock incarcerationb. military indoctrination c. part-time incarcerationd. inside/outside programming

Q: A drug treatment program in which offenders must visit for dailydrug testing would be classified as a. Intensive Supervision Probationb. a halfway housec. home confinementd. any of the above could incorporate this

Q: Which of the following are likely to be used as community service?a. cleaning laundry while incarcerated b. working part-time at McDonald'sc. wearing an electronic monitoring device d. cleaning parks and roadsides

Q: When can home confinement be used in the criminal justice system?a. during the pretrial periodb. after a short term in jail or prison c. as a condition of probationd. as a condition of parole

Q: The United States Supreme Court has decided that forfeituresa. may sometimes violate the Excessive Fines Clause of the Eighth Amendment b. always violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendmentc. can never result from a judicial orderd. can involve homes but not automobiles

Q: According to your text's companion website, in the two stageprocess of determining a day fine, a judge looks ata. the type of offense and income of the offender b. age and the income of offenderc. gender and the type of offense d. age and gender

Q: According to your text's companion website, How do judges determine the amount of day fines in Germany?a. they use guidelines that equate money to time spent incarcerated b. they use a flat rate equal to 40% of the offender's salaryc. they select a random valued. they ask the offender what he/she is able to pay

Q: Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called a. shock probationb. home arrest c. recidivismd. restitution

Q: Which of the following is true about the collection of fines?a. Courts consider them a priorityb. Europe imposes them more than the United States c. only the United States uses fines as punishmentd. they are always based upon the offender's income

Q: Where is one most likely to find extensive use of day fines?a. United States b. Europec. Asiad. South America

Q: Which branch of government administers the intermediate sanctions of fines, restitution, and forfeiture?a. Executive b. Legislature c. Judiciaryd. Bureaucracy

Q: What is the most likely punishment for a traffic violation?a. incarceration b. restitutionc. finesd. forfeiture

Q: Which of the following is true concerning intermediate sanctions?a. judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over the offender b. judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over the offender c. judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over the offenderd. judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring a low level to high level of control over the offenders

Q: Because of the costs associated with probation, which of the following statements concerning probation are true?a. all states use probation for serious offenders in the same way b. states only use probation for misdemeanor offendersc. states never use probation for serious offendersd. some states are increasingly considering the use of probation for more serious offenders

Q: How much does the public support the use of community-based punishments rather than prison for nonviolent offenders?a. most citizens strongly support their use b. few citizens support their usec. most citizens are opposed to their used. most citizens report that they "don"t care" about these offenders

Q: Like parole revocation, probation revocation a. must be decided in a full jury trialb. cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed c. cannot be considered unless three conditions are violatedd. requires a two-stage hearing process

Q: At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is a. not permitted to attendb. being tried on new criminal chargesc. subject to a "three strikes" life sentence d. entitled to be represented by counsel

Q: Which of the following is a technical violation that would cause an offenders' probation to be revoked?a. violating curfew b. failing a drug test c. using alcohold. all of the above could be used to revoke probation

Q: Which of the following is a challenge faced by probation officers?a. caseloads are increasingly smallerb. they must prioritize certain individuals over others c. risk classification methods are rarely usedd. most probations are on electronic monitoring

Q: The number of probationers currently under supervision has reached a a. record low and is decreasingb. record high and is increasingc. record low, but is slowly starting to increase d. record high, but is starting to decrease

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about probation?a. probation is only used in combination with finesb. probation is only used in combination with restitution c. probation is only used in combination with communityd. probation is used in combination with fines, restitution, and community service

Q: Probation is defined as a. home confinementb. electronic monitoring c. a short jail sentenced. supervised release under specified conditions

Q: The world's first probation officer wasa. James Ferguson, an Irish police officerb. Sir Robert Peel, head of the London police c. O.W. Wilson, an American police chiefd. John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker