Q&A Hero

Q: Which United States Supreme Court decision found that a child could waive his or her rights to an attorney and to protections against self-incrimination? a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) b. Fare v. Michael C. (1979) c. Schall v. Martin (1984) d. In re Gault (1967)

Q: The process of screening children out of the system without a decision is called a a. dependent childb. Disposition c. Diversion d. Probation

Q: What United States Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers? a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) b. Fare v. Michael C. (1979) c. Schall v. Martin (1984) d. In re Gault (1967)

Q: In its original, underlying philosophy, the juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of thea. Parents b. Policec. Family d. Child

Q: What is the youngest age a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States?a. 10 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14

Q: Throughout the United States, the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction typically varies between a. 12 to 14 years of ageb. 14 to 16 years of age c. 16 to 18 years of age d. 18 to 20 years of age

Q: Which of the following statements about offenses committed by juveniles is accurate?a. the offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of state lawb. the offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of federal lawc. the offenses committed by juveniles are equally violations of federal and state laws d. None of the above are accurate

Q: Which U. S. Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community? a. In re Gault (1967) b. Schall v. Martin (1984) c. Kent v. United States (1966) d. In re Winship (1970)

Q: Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the United States Supreme Court's decision of Breed v. Jones (1975)?a. right to trial by jury b. right to an attorneyc. right against unreasonable search and seizure d. privilege against self-incrimination

Q: Which of the following states do not have a minimum age for juveniles to be transferred to the adult system?a. Arizonia b. Utahc. New Mexico d. Texas

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about the due process rights of juveniles?a. juveniles have none of the due process rights guaranteed to adults b. juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adultsc. juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults plus additional rights d. juveniles only have some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults

Q: In Kent v. United States and In re Gault, the United States Supreme Court extended due process rights to children. In what decade were these decisions handed down by the Court?a. 1860s b. 1930s c. 1960s d. 1980s

Q: Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults such as cigarette smoking or truancy are called what in the juvenile justice context?a. judicial waiver b. parens patriae c.In re Gaultd. status offenses

Q: Under common law, children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of a. Threeb. Fivec. Seven d. Ten

Q: In England, the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called a. judicial waiverb. parens patriaec. In re Gaultd. status offense

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about the juvenile violent crime rate today compared to the mid 80's?a. it has become lower and matches it b. it is much higher than it wasc. it has fluctuated inconsistently d. none of the above

Q: What does the acronym "CRIPS" mean?a. Children Ready in the Population Societyb. Criminals Ready in the Post-Modern Societyc. Common Rejected Innocents Producing Safely d. Community Revolution in Progress

Q: According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?a. Alcoholb. poor quality of nutrition c. Drugsd. Crime

Q: When an offender is released from prison, he/she is still the government's responsibility. This concept of parole is called __________________.

Q: Civil disabilities might include:a. inability to voteb. inability to use the public library c. inability to have childrend. inability to drive

Q: An action of the executive branch of the state or federal government excusing an offense and absolving the offender is called a(n)a. mandatory release b. Furloughc. Pardon d. Parole

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of a civil disability that can be placed on an ex-felon?a. restrictions in terms of employment b. denial of the right to votec. denial of the right to hold public office d. forfeiture of all constitutional rights

Q: Who grants pardons in the United States?a. Congress and state legislatures b. Presidents and state governorsc. U. S. Supreme Court and state supreme courts d. Attorney General and state attorney generals

Q: These have been suggested as a method of assessing ex-inmates' adjustment back into society:a. recidivism courts b. parole courtsc. reentry courts d. release courts

Q: What is one explanation for high recidivism rate among those offenders released from incarceration? a. their increased age makes them more likely to commit crimes b. their low intelligence makes them more likely to commit crimes c. a lack of proper nutrition makes them more likely to commit crimes d. a lack of education and training makes them more likely to commit crimes

Q: What are the "invisible punishments" offenders are subjected to after release from incarceration?a. difficulties finding a jobb. denial of government assistance c. inability to get marriedd. Only difficulties finding a job and denial of government assistance are invisible punishments

Q: Parolees who are behaving according to their conditions of release may be adjusted to a. rescinded surveillanceb. reattributed surveillance c. readjustment surveillance d. restorative surveillance

Q: It can be difficult to place halfway houses in communities due to this sentiment:a. "no offenders in my neighborhood" (NOIMN) b. "take inmates out of communities" (TIOOC) c. "keep them locked up tight" (KTLUT)d. "not in my backyard" (NIMBY)

Q: What are the two roles played by parole officers?a. cop and minister b. warden and copc. cop and social worker d. landlord and friend

Q: According to Travis and Petersilia, which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the reentry problem?a. reduced powers of parole boardsb. increased drug use by inmates in prisonc. diminished opportunities for inmates to complete rehabilitation programs d. offenders are being incarcerated for longer periods

Q: The temporary release of an inmate from a correctional institution for a visit home is called a(n)a. Pardonb. Clemency c. Furloughd. halfway visit

Q: Up to 90% of released offenders do not participate in transitional programs. According to your text, why is this?a. most released offenders don't want to use them b. most released offenders cannot access themc. most released offenders receive such instruction while in prison d. most released offenders do not need transitional programs

Q: When inmates are released from correctional institutions during the day so they may work or attend school, this is calleda. mandatory releaseb. discretionary release c. unconditional released. work and educational release

Q: What group is most likely to be unemployed in the United States after release from prison?a. male Caucasians under the age of 30 b. male Hispanics under the age of 30c. male African-Americans under the age of 30 d. male African-Americans aged 30 or over

Q: In most states, the following people are allowed to attend parole hearings:a. board members b. the inmatec. correctional officersd. Board members, the inmate, and correctional officers are all allowed to attend

Q: The laws and rules that must be followed by parolees are called a. parole conditionsb. sentencing contractc. constitutional restrictions d. conditions of release

Q: An expiration release means that a. the inmate has diedb. the inmate cannot serve any additional timec. the inmate has received permission to have a furlough d. the inmate is required to attend school or training

Q: What is another (politically sensitive) term used for "other conditional release"?a. mandatory parole b. mandatory releasec. discretionary release d. discretionary parole

Q: Which type of release involves the parole board making decisions?a. mandatory releaseb. discretionary releasec. unconditional release d. community release

Q: When an inmate is released after he or she has served time equal to the total sentence minus good time, this is calleda. mandatory releaseb. discretionary release c. unconditional release d. community release

Q: Which actor/entity typically determines discretionary release of state prisoners?a. state prison release commissioner b. parole boardc. state supreme court d. prison warden

Q: What is the most commonly used method of release into the community?a. discretionary releaseb. other conditional release c. mandatory released. expiration release

Q: Based on information contained in the companion website, how is the parole system in Japan different from the United States?a. Japan has no parole systemb. Japanese parole involves extensive participation from community volunteers c. Japan only offers parole to misdemeanor offendersd. Japan only offers parole to younger inmates

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about parole boards?a. parole boards have become hesitant in granting parole for fear of being perceived as "soft" on crime b. parole boards are always comprised of corrections expertsc. parole boards can predict accurately the future behavior of an offenderd. parole boards are always independent from the department of corrections

Q: In the early parole system in the United States, prisoners were released on parole when a. their sentence expiredb. the prisons became fullc. the victims consented to their released. their conduct showed they were ready to return

Q: The earliest forms of parole used a. ISPb. pardons of leave c. tickets of leaved. responsibility vouchers

Q: Which of the following facilities allows inmates to spend a portion of the day at work but reside in a nonsecure facility outside of prison?a. supermaxb. halfway house c. ticket of leave d. furlough

Q: Miranda has been a parole officer for over twelve years. When she first started working with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker. She worked many hours facilitating a relationship with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of society. In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more authoritarian. She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom. When Miranda is assisting her clients with jobs and forging a relationship with them, she is working in what capacity?a. social worker b. copc. teacher d. preacher

Q: The parole board has recently paroled Beth after 8 years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees close to them.The reason Beth cannot find a halfway house close to her home is because of the __________attitude.a. NIMBYb. NIMFYc. MINFBd. BIMVY

Q: The parole board has recently paroled Beth after 8 years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees close to them.Beth will serve some time in a transitional facility before she is released. Most likely, she will spend this time in a_________.a. jailb. halfway housec. reformatoryd. furlough

Q: The parole board has recently paroled Beth after 8 years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees close to them.Beth must locate gainful employment and submit to weekly drug test. This would be considered her___________.a. conditions of paroleb. conditions of factc. conditions of probationd. conditions of release

Q: The parole board has recently paroled Beth after 8 years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees close to them.Beth was placed on parole by a parole board. Beth's release would be considered ___________a. discretionaryb. mandatoryc. conditional released. expiration release

Q: Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a change on someone with a record. Grant's ____________ have not been restored yet because he is not allowed to vote in the upcoming election. a. criminal disabilitiesb. civil disabilitiesc. due process rights d. voting rights

Q: Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a change on someone with a record. Grant's release mechanism would be considered _____________a. expiration releaseb. mandatory release c. probation released. discretionary release

Q: Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful completion of his sentence for drug crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a change on someone with a record. Grant promised himself that he will not go back to prison. Unfortunately, 40 percent of inmates released go back to prison within ___________ years.a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

Q: Write a scenario when pardoning would be justified. What is the difference between a pardon and a expungement?

Q: What are civil disabilities? Give at least three examples of civil disabilities.

Q: What should the role of the parole officer be? In your opinion, should they grasp the concept of social worker or law enforcement officer? Why? Would the personality of the client change the relationship?

Q: The civil disabilities of ex-felons can include loss of the right to vote and to hold public office. a. Trueb. False

Q: ____________ occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of post-custody supervision in the community.

Q: States retaining indeterminate sentences allow ___________ by the parole board within the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law.

Q: Successful prisoner reentry requires that parole and reentry support services focus on linking offenders with community institutionschurches, families, selfhelp groups, and ___________.

Q: More than ____________ percent of offenders will return to prison, either because of a new crime or a parole violation.

Q: About___________ percent of prisoners released to parole were incarcerated for a drug offense.

Q: The___________ is a transitional facility for soon-to-be- released inmates that connects them to community services, resources, and support.

Q: The Supreme Court ruled in________________, that if the parole officer alleges that a technical violation occurred, a two-step revocation proceeding is required. a. Brown v. Plata (2011),b. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)c. The Second Chance Act of 2007d. Mapp v. Ohio (1961

Q: ______________ may be the most notable civil disability of ex-prisoners. a. Working b. Medical care c. Income tax revocation d. Voting

Q: One way that offenders avoid the consequences of civil disabilities is through____________ , a process through which an individual's criminal records are erased from public records.a. pardonb. clemencyc. forgivenessd. expungement

Q: _____________ later became known as the "royal prerogative of mercy" in England.a. Pardonb. expungement c. clemencyd. forgiveness

Q: State____________ are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed terms in office by the governor. a. prisonsb. halfway houses c. parole boardsd. probation boards

Q: A system of conditional release from prison, devised by Captain Alexander Maconochie and first developed in Ireland by Sir Walter Crofton were known as ____________.a. probationb. home confinement c. tickets of leaved. reformatory

Q: Parole rests of three concepts; which of the following is not one of the concepts?a. graceb. contract c. custodyd. punishment

Q: How can a state successfully prepare for inmate integration into the community?

Q: Discuss two issues on how budget cuts increase the use of parole in some jurisdictions.

Q: What are the pros and cons of GPS tracking of parolees?

Q: This chapter began by discussing the changes in parole since the 1970s. It is very difficult for offenders to be released when they are judged "ready" for release and job training and education programs have been severely curtailed. In your opinion, what might explain this trend? What are the greater social effects of these policies?

Q: Given that there are permanent restrictions on ex-offenders (inability to vote, collect government support, etc.), can we ever really say that offenders have "paid their debt" to society? If these offenders feel they will be punished forever, what incentive do they have to remain crime-free?

Q: The authors of your textbook have noted that an increasingly large percentage of inmates have committed drug crimes. Why do you think this has occurred, and what affect might it have on reentry issues?

Q: How has public opinion affected the release of offenders back into the community? Have these changes helped offenders to reduce recidivism?

Q: Parole decisions can be made arbitrarily, depending on the whims of the parole board. a. Trueb. False