Q&A Hero

Q: The defense of "diminished capacity" is one of the most common defense strategies used by gang members.

Q: Research indicates that as a gang's organization increases, so does its level of criminal involvement.

Q: Individuals involved in the occult are typically imaginative overachievers who possess high self-esteem.

Q: Hybrid gangs, a new generation of gangs, are singularly focused on making money from drugs, robberies and prostitution.

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a cult discussed in the text? a. Hare Krishna b. NRM c. Branch Davidians d. 666

Q: The Southern Poverty Law Center is a a. watchdog organization for bias and hate crimes. b. law group that lobbies for hate crime legislation. c. law group that lobbies to protect freedom of speech even for those who may be considered to have committed hate crimes. d. an antipolice advocate.

Q: Which of the following statements is true? a. Members of the military possess specialized skills that pose a unique threat to law enforcement personnel. b. Service members, as well as dependents and relatives, have been identified as gang members. c. Gangs have been identified on international military installations. d. All of these choices.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the common reasons that people join gangs? a. the neighborhood they live in b. the amount of money they have c. the fact that family and friends are also involved in gangs d. parent-child relationship problems

Q: One of the latest technological innovations to aid in the fight against gangs is a. TAGRS. b. Facebook. c. the LA-FI database. d. NRM.

Q: What was the decision in the U.S. Supreme Court's 2003 case, Virginia v. Black? a. It upheld all hate crime legislation. b. It upheld a Virginia law banning cross burning, saying the statute did not violate the First Amendment. c. It struck down a Virginia law banning cross burning, saying the statute violated the First Amendment. d. It ruled that any hate crime legislation would always be too "broad," and thus unconstitutional.

Q: Which group may be associated with mutilated animals, grave robbery and desecration of churches and human remains? a. motorcycle gangs b. stoner gangs c. MS-13 d. Aryan Brotherhood

Q: Which of the following would not be one of the signs of a ritualistic homicide? a. missing body parts such as heart, genitals, left hand, tongue, index finger b. urine or human or animal feces smeared on body or found in body cavities c. wax drippings, oils, incense or ritual powders on the body d. missing clothing

Q: Which of the following is not a common purpose of graffiti as used by gangs? a. marking a gang's turf b. disrespecting a rival gang or gang member c. sending a message d. informing the general public that they exist

Q: The Crips are associated with a. green and yellow shirts. b. blue or purple bandannas. c. red or green colors. d. black and gold scarves or rags.

Q: The majority of hate crimes are based on a. social class. b. religion. c. race. d. sexual orientation.

Q: What are the two most common defenses cited for gang members in court? a. self-defense and following the orders of gang leadership b. self-defense and being under the influence of alcohol/drugs c. being under the influence of alcohol/drugs and racial discrimination on the part of the police d. following the orders of gang leadership and racial discrimination on the part of the police

Q: One hypothesis to explain the relationship between gangs and crime is the facilitation model, which posits that a. gang membership promotes drug involvement, which in turn facilitates violence. b. gangs attract members who are already delinquent or criminally involved, and their antisocial behaviors facilitate their acceptance into the gang. c. gangs attract those who are already delinquent or criminally involved, and membership further facilitates their preexisting antisocial behavior. d. none of these choices.

Q: Investigators dealing with youths they suspect may be engaging in cult-related activities should inquire into which of the following? a. the music the youths listened to b. whether the youths dabbled in astrology c. whether the youths played with Ouija boards or tarot cards d. all of these choices

Q: OMGs have become a major distributor of ____________ in the United States. a. crack b. heroin c. marijuana d. methamphetamine

Q: Which of the following is not a sign that a youth may be in a gang? a. admits to "hanging out" with kids in gangs b. uses unusual hand signals to communicate with friends c. has been in trouble with police d. wears baggy jeans with underwear showing

Q: A gang's graffiti can provide all of the following pieces of information about the gang except one. Which one does it not reveal? a. territory b. members c. leadership d. arrest records

Q: Which of the following is one of the models used to explain the relationship between gangs and crime? a. enhancement model b. aggravation model c. criminal model d. professional model

Q: Which of the following is not an important type of record to keep in dealing with any gang problem? a. gang vehicle file b. gang member pointer file c. gang member illegal activities file d. gang member drug preferences file

Q: The three-pronged approach to address the gang problem uses a balance of which three strategies? a. intervention, motivation and suppression b. prevention, intervention and suppression c. intervention, transition and motivation d. penetration, suppression and prevention

Q: A special problem in investigating illegal activities of gangs is the multitude of suspects and the a. fact that most are juveniles. b. unreliability or fear of witnesses. c. fact that courts have not upheld gang statutes. d. fact that gangs are interracial.

Q: A flash mob is an example of a. gang behavior that is atypical because it involves a large portion of the gang at the same time. b. swarming. c. illegal gang activity. d. all of these choices.

Q: What percentage of known offenders involved in hate crimes are White? a. 62 percent b. 45 percent c. 93 percent d. 11 percent

Q: Which of the following may be an important indicator of satanic or cult activity? a. the Book of Shadows b. booby traps c. painted rocks d. all of these choices

Q: Which of the following is a characteristic of a street gang, as opposed to a drug gang? a. small structure b. loose leadership c. controlled competition d. narrow age range

Q: What are some indicators of a clandestine meth lab that an investigator could detect from the outside of a building?

Q: Which is more effective: intervention of partnerships with third parties, or law-enforcement-only approaches? Why?

Q: What are some safety concerns investigators should have when entering a clandestine drug lab?

Q: Describe the conditions that must be met in order for an officer to make an on-sight arrest for a drug buy.

Q: Describe the various types of physical evidence of possession or use of controlled substances, giving examples of each type.

Q: What are some of the precautions that officers should take in undercover drug buys?

Q: Describe the connection between bookmaking and loan-sharking, explaining why organized crime groups are perfectly poised to engage in both of these enterprises.

Q: What is the controversy over the government's involvement in policing victimless crimes?

Q: Outline the role of the federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in attacking illegal drug activities.

Q: Summarize the crimes that organized crime is typically involved in.

Q: Describe how SkySeer drones have been used in the war against drugs.

Q: It is illegal to sell or distribute narcotics or other dangerous drugs without a ____________.

Q: Crank is a street name for ___________.

Q: It is illegal to possess or use narcotics or other dangerous drugs without a __________.

Q: Concealing drugs in any opening of a human or animal is called _____________.

Q: A major indication of indoor marijuana growing operations is excessive use of __________.

Q: ___________, also known as "roofie," is 10 times more potent than Valium.

Q: People under the influence of illicit stimulants such as cocaine may exhibit extremely agitated and incoherent behavior, a condition known as excited _______________.

Q: ____________ is produced by mixing cocaine with baking soda and water.

Q: ____________ is the most widely available and most commonly used illicit drug in the United States.

Q: Rohypnol is one of the ___________ drugs.

Q: A flashroll is something used by a mule to smuggle drugs.

Q: Crack is a derivative of heroin.

Q: A victimless crime is an illegal activity in which all involved are willing participants.

Q: Because of their experience with drugs, drug users are not likely to sell drugs themselves.

Q: Local patrol officers can provide very limited information concerning organized crime.

Q: Autonomous robotics can enhance officers' safety in investigating a suspected meth lab and can be an important force multiplier.

Q: Mescaline and peyote are stimulants.

Q: The production of LSD involves ingredients such as strong acids and bases, flammable solvents and very explosive and poisonous chemicals.

Q: A pupilometer allows police to check if someone is under the influence of alcohol or drugs by measuring the pupils in their eyes as subject to light.

Q: The most dangerous drugs are Schedule I drugs.

Q: LSD is derived from lysergic acid, from a fungus that grows on rye and other grains.

Q: Water lines or electrical cords running to a basement or outbuilding are a possible indication of indoor marijuana growing.

Q: "Head shops" sell products that help the end user ingest drugs.

Q: A sting is a reverse buy.

Q: Many visitors to a residence or place of business, particularly at odd hours, who stay for a limited amount of time may be an indication of drug sales.

Q: Capital flight is interchangeable with money laundering, and both are illegal.

Q: Prison gangs are not connected to organized crime or drug manufacture or sale.

Q: Methamphetamine is a synthetic stimulant that looks like cocaine but is made from toxic chemicals and easily obtained over-the-counter products.

Q: The vast majority of hard-narcotics users once used marijuana.

Q: Ecstasy is a commonly used name for MDMA.

Q: The U.S. Congress has defined a drug addict as a. any person who habitually uses any habit-forming narcotic drug so as to endanger the public morals, health, safety or welfare. b. any person who is or has been so far addicted to the use of habit-forming narcotic drugs as to have lost the power of self-control with reference to the addiction. c. any person who both habitually uses any habit-forming narcotic drug so as to endanger the public morals, health, safety or welfare, and is or has been so far addicted to the use of habit-forming narcotic drugs as to have lost the power of self-control with reference to the addiction. d. none of these choices.

Q: Club drugs, prescription narcotics and ultra-pure forms of DXM, an ingredient found in OTC cough medication, a. can all be purchased online and shipped directly to the user's hometransactions that are extremely difficult for law enforcement to detect. b. are not available online because of stricter regulations. c. may be restricted for online purchase by requiring ID and are relatively easy for law enforcement to detect. d. can no longer be shipped to a person's residence, only to medical facilities.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the four groups that make up the Mafia? a. the Neopolitan Camorra b. the Sacra Corona Unita c. the Fratelli Gambino d. the "˜Ndrangheta Mafia

Q: Drugs found on a person during a legally conducted search a. may be seized. b. may not be seized under the exclusionary rule. c. may not be seized under the plain feel exception. d. may not be seized under the "fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree" doctrine.

Q: Designer drugs, which are illicit drugs that are offshoots of the legal drugs from which they are created, may cause the muscles to stiffen and give the appearance of someone suffering from Parkinson's disease. These illicit drugs are referred to as what type of drugs? a. analogs b. parasites c. lemurs d. bonding agents

Q: With reference to drugs, OTC stands for a. Office of Trading Control. b. Official Technological Commission. c. Operation Traffic Control. d. over-the-counter.

Q: Surveillance is used in narcotics investigations to a. protect the money put up to make the buy. b. provide credibility for the buy. c. provide information to establish probable cause for an arrest. d. all of these choices.

Q: The RICO Act of 1970 is one of the major federal acts that a. make it permissible to use circumstantial rather than direct evidence to enforce conspiracy violations. b. aim to stop the flow of drugs. c. make it easier for prosecutors to charge and convict those apprehended in the sale of illegal drugs. d. make the use of pen registers legal in the investigation of criminal networks.

Q: The major legal evidence in prosecuting drug sale cases is a. identification of a known user. b. identification of a known seller. c. the actual transfer of the drug from the seller to the buyer. d. actual possession of the drug.

Q: Which of the following provides revenue to law enforcement for antidrug efforts? a. fines b. asset forfeiture c. prosecution d. incarceration