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Criminal Law
Q:
Some political criminals are motivated by altruism or their convictions.
Q:
Political crime undermines existing governments and threatens their survival.
Q:
The USA Patriot Act does all but which of the following?
a. Allows enforcement agencies to monitor cable operators and obtain access to their records and systems.
b. Expands the definition of "terrorism" and enables the government to monitor more closely those people suspected of "harboring" and giving "material support" to terrorists.
c. Gives greater power to the FBI to check and monitor phone, Internet, and computer records without first needing to demonstrate that they were being used by a suspect or target of a court order
d. Provides detainees, enemy combatants and terror suspects greater Constitutional protection.
Q:
Of the many components of the Department of Homeland Security, which does not fall under its responsibilities?
a. Securing our nation's borders and transportation systems.
b. Reducing the loss of life and property and protecting institutions from all types of hazards through an emergency management program.
c. Coordinating intelligence collection with the Border Patrol, Secret Service, and the CIA.
d. Analyzing information from multiple available sources, including the CIA and FBI, in order to assess the dangers facing the nation.
Q:
Which of the following is not among the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission?
a. Create a single agency to screen border crossings.
b. Creation of an investigative agency to monitor all aliens in the United States and to gather intelligence on the way terrorists travel across borders.
c. Tag people who want passports with biometric measures to make them easily identifiable.
d. The expansion of the U.S. Patriot Act to monitor all calls and the Internet for surveillance purposes.
Q:
Which of the following is not an explanation as to how retributive terror groups use violence to achieve their goals?
a. Terrorists use violence to cause pain, notably casualties to frighten countries and bend their will.
b. Terrorists want to improve the U.S. economy to strengthen its ability to deteriorate international affairs.
c. Violence is used to attract the attention of potential recruits and supporters.
d. Some use violence to pursue their own, often local, goals and only receive some support and encouragement from international terrorist organizations.
Q:
What characteristic is false when describing retributive terrorists?
a. The true target of the terrorist act extends far beyond those directly affected by the attack.
b. Victims are usually selected for their maximum propaganda value.
c. Unconventional military tactics are used, especially secrecy and surprise.
d. Violent actions are undertaken to replace the existing government and for an independent homeland.
Q:
Which of the following does not fall under the category of political terrorists?
a. Black Panthers
b. Jemaah Islamiyah
c. Aryan Nation
d. Posse Comitatus
Q:
The term terrorist first became popular during what event?
a. The French Revolution
b. The assassination of Julius Caesar
c. The American Revolution
d. War of 1812
Q:
The first terrorist activities were committed by members of minority religious groups who engaged in violence to accomplish all but which of the following?
a. Gain the right to practice their own form of religion.
b. Establish the supremacy of their own religion over others.
c. Meet the requirements of the blood-thirsty gods they worshipped.
d. Promote subservience to governmental entities.
Q:
The process of holding and physically abusing enemy agents in secret prisons around the world without the benefit of due process is known as
a. detainment
b. rendition
c. torture
d. terrorism
Q:
Among the arguments against the use of torture, which is inaccurate?a. There is little empirical evidence suggesting that torture provides any real benefits, but much more that suggests it creates serious problems.b. The use of torture can damage civil rights and democratic institutions.c. There is a danger that such state-sponsored violence would become calculated and premeditated.d. The use of torture may cause the general public to sympathize with those who must engage in such behavior to gain information and knowledge to thwart evil intentions.
Q:
Critics of the USA Patriot Act are concerned that it erodes:
a. international support
b. economic stability
c. military operations
d. civil rights
Q:
The USA Patriot Act, enacted after the terrorist attacks of September 11th:
a. gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies
b. provided funding for increased military presence in the Middle East
c. outraged the majority of American citizens who demanded its immediate repeal
d. failed to include provision to allow for the monitoring of cable-based records and systems
Q:
Policy experts suggest that an effective way to deal with terrorism is to:
a. Increase military presence in countries known to harbor terrorists.
b. Undermine support for terrorism by being a benevolent nation-builder that gives aid to nations housing terror groups.
c. Cut terrorist access to the internet and other forms of communications and message dissemination.
d. Make greater use of military law to convict and sentence apprehended terrorists.
Q:
Which of the following is not a specifically assigned mission of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)?A)preventing terrorist attacks within the United StatesB)reducing America's vulnerability to terrorismC)expanding surveillance of cyber space to identify terroristsC)minimizing the damage and recovery from terrorist attacks that occur
Q:
Which of the following federal level actions was not taken after the attacks of September 11th?
a. The FBI realigned its priorities
b. A Director of National Intelligence was created.
c. The Department of Homeland Security was created.
d. The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) was dismantled.
Q:
According to this motivational view, terrorists have been raised to hate their opponents and learn at an early age that they have been victimized by some oppressor.
a. socialization view
b. alienation view
c. psychological view
d. ideological view
Q:
The _____________ view suggests that terrorists may be motivated by feelings of ______________ and failure to maintain the tools to compete in a post-technological society. These terrorists believe a suicide mission will cleanse them of the corruption of the modern world.
a. socialization; disconnection
b. psychological; inadequacy
c. alienation; alienation
d. ideological; self-sacrifice
Q:
____________ terrorism promotes the interests of a minority ethnic or religious groups, such as the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), that believes it has been persecuted under majority rule and wishes to carve out its own independent homeland.
a. retributive
b. cult
c. nationalist
d. state-sponsored
Q:
The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) and the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) are examples of what type of terrorist group?
a. retributive terrorists
b. cult terrorists
c. nationalist terrorists
d. eco-terrorists
Q:
This type of terrorist group uses violence to frighten those in power with the aim of replacing the existing government with a regime that holds acceptable political or religious views.
a. nationalist terrorists
b. political terrorists
c. revolutionary terrorists
d. retributive terrorists
Q:
When a repressive government regime forces its citizens into obedience, oppresses minorities, and stifles political dissent, it is considered:
a. retributive
b. nationalist
c. revolutionary
d. state-sponsored
Q:
________________________ is an example of a right-wing political group, while _______________________ is a left-wing political group.
a. Ku Klux Klan; Aryan Nation
b. Black Panther Party; The Weathermen
c. Aryan Nation; Black Panther Party
d. The Weathermen; Ku Klux Klan
Q:
Which of the following is not true with regard to revolutions?
a. Some revolutions rely on armed force, while others can be nonviolent.
b. It is a civil war fought between nationalists and a sovereign power.
c. The Bolsheviks failed in their mission to overthrow the Czarist government in Russia in 1917.
d. Revolutions have occurred in many countries throughout history.
Q:
Insurgents, unlike terrorists, require the support of:
a. a significant portion of the population
b. a country or region's military forces
c. rural guerillas and their militias
d. religious leaders favorable to their cause
Q:
While the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, a terrorist has a/an _______focus and a guerilla has a/an ________ focus.
a. ideological - political
b. urban - rural
c. political - ideological
d. rural " urban
Q:
Armed military bands that attack military, police and government officials in an effort to destabilize the existing government are known as:
a. revolutionaries
b. terrorists
c. insurgents
d. guerillas
Q:
Regardless of what organizational structure is used, most terrorist groups subdivide their affiliates into _________________ for both organizational and security purposes.
a. terror cells
b. insurgents
c. guerillas
d. renditions
Q:
An act is considered __________________ when it carries with it the intent to disrupt and change the government and emphasizes violence as a mechanism to promote change.
a. terrorism
b. espionage
c. treason
d. revoluntionary
Q:
Which of the following is used to produce an immediate gag reflex and an experience akin to drowning in the interrogation of suspected terrorists?
a. eco-terrorism
b. waterboarding
c. rendition
d. Chinese water torture
Q:
According to _____________________, torture can be justified in order to force a political criminal to reveal the location of an explosive device before it can go off and kill many people.a.the ticking bomb scenariob. the U.S. Constitutionc. the USA Patriot Actd. pseudo-conviction
Q:
______________________ are perpetrated by state authorities against the people they are supposed to serve in an effort to maintain governmental power or to uphold the race, class, and gender advantages of those who support the government.
a. Industrial espionage and treason
b. Insurgencies
c. State-corporate crimes
d. State political crimes
Q:
Industrial espionage does not involve:
a. spying on a commercial organization to determine the new direction of a product line
b. bribing employees to reveal trade secrets
c. recruiting agents and inserting them into a target company
d. giving enemies of the U.S. aid and comfort
Q:
_______________ involves obtaining information illegally by covert means, or through threat or payoff people who know the information and will divulge it.A)TerrorismB)TreasonC)EspionageC)Insurgency
Q:
Under English common law, treason was punishable by being "drawn and quartered." How do many nations punish treason today?
a. by life in prison
b. by imposing the death penalty
c. by deportation
d. by taking away one's citizenship
Q:
Election fraud is ___________________ the process of an election.
a. violent disruption of
b. premeditated obstruction of
c. illegal interference with
d. intentional tampering with
Q:
In the "__________" stage of the cognitive process of becoming a political criminal, the individual concludes that the undesirable condition is a product of injustice " that is, it does not apply to everyone.
a. "It's not right."
b. "You"re evil."
c. "It's your fault."
d. "It's not fair."
Q:
Randy Borum's cognitive stages of becoming a political criminal seem similar to what social process theory?
a. differential association theory
b. social bond theory
c. social learning theory
d. neutralization theory
Q:
What goals do political criminals hope to achieve?
a. profit, respect, and control
b. intimidation, conviction, and revolution
c. equality, acceptance, and respect
d. acceptance, power, and authority
Q:
Some political criminals are motivated by altruism; they truly believe their crimes will benefit society and are willing to violate the law and risk punishment in
order to achieve what they see as social improvement. As such, their goal is:
a. revolution
b. conviction
c. pseudo-conviction
d. profit
Q:
Because the concept of political crime is highly subjective, people who some label as terrorists may be viewed by others as:
a. oppressors
b. freedom fighters
c. saviors
d. visionary leaders
Q:
The _________________, passed in 2001, gave sweeping new powers to domestic law enforcement and international intelligence agencies in an effort to fight terrorism. This legislation expanded all traditional tools of surveillance.
Q:
The ___________________ of terrorist motivation describes the typical terrorist as an emotionally disturbed individual who acts out his or her psychoses within the confines of violent groups.
Q:
_______________________ involves groups that engage in violent actions to protect the environment.
Q:
_________________ is directed at people or groups who oppose the terrorists' political ideology or who the terrorists define as "outsiders" who must be destroyed.
Q:
__________________ are armed military bands, typically located in rural areas, that attack military, police and government officials in an effort to destabilize the existing government
Q:
__________________ are individuals who take part in a civil war against a sovereign power that holds control of the land or over issues of ideology and power who may rely on violence or nonviolence.
Q:
__________________ involves immobilizing a person on his or her back and pouring water over the face and into the breathing passages producing an immediate gag reflex and an experience akin to drowning; the subject believes their death is imminent.
Q:
When spying involves corporations and involves the bribing of employees to reveal trade secrets, the crime is referred to as _____________________.
Q:
If one engages in the crime of _____________, that person obtains information about a government, organization, or society that is considered secret or confidential and does so without the permission of the holder of the information.
Q:
As the only crime contained therein, the United States Constitution defines _________ as levying war against the United States or ""¦adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort."
Q:
_________________is illegal interference with the process on an election.
Q:
Some political criminals are motivated by ______________. They want to threaten an opponent who does not share their political orientation or views.
Q:
Some political criminals conceal conventional criminal motivations behind a mask of conviction and altruism. These criminals are particularly dangerous because they convince followers to join them without fully revealing their true motivations. This type of motivation is termed __________________.
Q:
The motivations behind political crimes may stem from ________ or ideological sources.
Q:
The term ______________ is used to signify illegal acts that are designed to undermine an existing government and threaten its survival.
Q:
Discuss the nature and extent of stalking. Who is most likely to be stalked and provide at least three reasons why.
Q:
Discuss the nature and extent of hate crime. Include in your discussion McDevitt and Levin's three motivations for hate crime and the factors known to produce hate crime.
Q:
Define robbery and then discuss how a professional robber differs from an opportunist robber. Which type of robbery is more common and why?
Q:
Discuss the nature and extent of spousal abuse. Provide at least four predictive factors of spousal abuse.
Q:
Discuss the nature and extent of child abuse. Identify at least four causes of child abuse.
Q:
Define and discuss the differences among serial killing, spree killing, and mass killing.
Q:
A number of legal issues come into play when we speak of rape. Why is it that rape victims have so much difficulty obtaining justice and what legal reforms have been initiated to remedy this injustice?
Q:
Rape has been a recognized crime throughout history. Explain the historical background of rape.
Q:
Athens links violence to early experiences of child abuse and posits that to become socialized into violence, one must complete the full cycle of the "violentization process." Identify and describe the four stages of violentization.
Q:
Identify and explain the relationship between substance abuse and violence.
Q:
Most stalking incidents emerge from preexisting relationships and about half emerge specifically from romantic relationships.
Q:
Some occupations are more dangerous than others. Bartenders are at greatest risk to be victims of workplace violence.
Q:
Perpetrators of mission hate crimes rationalize their behavior as a defensive stand taken against outsiders whom they believe threaten their community or way of life.
Q:
The typical armed robber is unlikely to be a professional who carefully studies targets while planning a crime.
Q:
Parents who are isolated from friends, neighbors, or relatives who can help in times of crisis may become abusive toward their children.
Q:
Spree killers engage in a rampage of violence taking place over a period of days or weeks.
Q:
Manslaughter requires the elements of malice aforethought, premeditation, and deliberation.
Q:
Research indicates that many women are raped each year by their husbands as part of an overall pattern of spousal abuse. Today, almost every state recognizes marital rape as a crime.
Q:
Most states and the federal government have developed shield laws that protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case.
Q:
Gang rape victims are less likely to resist and face injury than those attacked by single offenders.
Q:
Many victims fail to report rapes because they are embarrassed, believe nothing can be done, or blame themselves.
Q:
As with other violent crimes, the rate of rape has been on a decade-long rise with the highest monthly rates occurring in December and January.
Q:
Children who are physically punished by their parents are less likely to physically abuse others or engage in other forms of criminal violence because they reject the modeling of aggression.