Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is not a prevention strategy to reduce or eliminate shoplifting? a. electronic article surveillance b. source tagging c. target removal d. overzealous enforcement

Q: Using dummy or disabled goods for retail display while having the real merchandise kept under lock and key, a technique used with high-cost electronic devices, is known as: a. a target removal strategy b. a target hardening strategy c. an electronic surveillance system d. source tagging

Q: Professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences are known as: a. cannons or receivers b. good burglars c. heels or boosters d. snitches

Q: Usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves, but are systematic shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use are called: a. boosters b. professional criminals c. burglars d. snitches

Q: When caught, shoplifters try to rationalize their behavior. Cromwell and Thurman found widespread use of which social process theory? a. neutralization theory b. social bond theory c. labeling theory d. differential enforcement theory

Q: What percentage of shoplifters are professionals who derive the majority of their income from shoplifting? a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 35

Q: Locking goods into place or having them monitored by electronic systems is known as: a. target removal b. electronic article surveillance c. source tagging d. target hardening

Q: A buyer and seller of stolen merchandise is known as a: a. snitch b. booster c. cannon d. fence

Q: Complete strangers approached in a public place by someone offering a great deal on valuable commodities would be called: a. amateur receivers b. associational fences c. professional fences d. neighborhood hustlers

Q: Amateur fences who barter stolen goods for services are known as: a. neighborhood hustlers b. professional fences c. associational fences d. amateur receivers

Q: Which of the following is not a condition to be a successful fence? a. upfront cash b. complicity with law enforcers c. connections with buyers d. limited knowledge of dealing

Q: According to the typology of professional thieves, which of the following do professional thieves engage in? a. pick-pocketing b. shoplifting c. stealing jewels d. joyriding

Q: By the 18th century, which of these types of property criminals was not active? a. skilled thieves b. smugglers c. poachers d. boosters

Q: Whose name do we associate with the classic book, The Professional Thief? a. Carl Klockars b. Harry King c. Sam Goodman d. Edwin Sutherland

Q: Occasional property crimes occur when there is an opportunity or: a. situational inducement b. systematic inducement c. enticing inducement d. compelling inducement

Q: Amateur criminals whose decisions to steal are spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard are known as: a. professional criminals b. situational criminals c. snitches d. occasional criminals

Q: In contrast to occasional thieves, criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime are known as: a. proficient offenders b. professional criminals c. specialized criminals d. trained offenders

Q: Criminal acts designed to bring financial reward to an offender are known as: a. financial crimes b. situational inducements c. economic crimes d. fiscal crimes

Q: In the nineteenth century, two new forms of theft appeared as a result of changes in society. What were these new forms? a. train robbery and safe cracking b. fraud and false pretenses c. con games and fire-setting d. stage coach robbery and mail banditry

Q: Eighteenth century thieves who moved freely in sparsely populated areas and transported goods, such as spirits, gems, gold, and spices, without bothering to pay tax or duty were known as: a. skilled thieves b. poachers c. smugglers d. burglars

Q: Public meeting places, often taverns, that served as headquarters for gangs and thieves in the 18th century were known as: a. flash houses b. pigeon drops c. booster shops d. cannon houses

Q: Common theft-related offenses including auto theft, shoplifting, and credit card fraud fall into the crime category of: a. professional crime b. street crime c. white-collar crime d. organized crime

Q: ____________________ involves a business owner burning his or her property, or hiring someone to do it, to escape financial problems.

Q: An individual who specializes in burglary and has the necessary technical competence, personal integrity, financial success and the ability to avoid prison sentences is called a ___________________.

Q: ________________ is any unlawful entry of a structure to commit theft or felony.

Q: _____________ is another name for false pretenses.

Q: The crime of ____________ involves a wrongdoer's misrepresenting a fact in a way that causes a victim to willingly give his or her property to the wrongdoer, who then keeps it.

Q: Boosters or _______________ are professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandise to pawnshops or fences.

Q: ____________ are usually respectable persons who do not conceive of themselves as thieves, but are systematic shoplifters who steal merchandise for their own use.

Q: The critical role of a "merchant" in criminal transactions has been recognized since the eighteenth century. A ______________ is a buyer and seller of stolen merchandise.

Q: _______________ is a type of car theft usually motivated by a teenager's desire to acquire the power, prestige, sexual potency, and recognition associated with possessing an automobile.

Q: ____________________ are the majority of check forgers who do not believe their actions will hurt anyone.

Q: _________________is the concept that describes occasional property crimes occurring when an opportunity is available.

Q: __________________ are not professional criminals. They are amateur criminals whose decision to steal is spontaneous and whose acts are unskilled, unplanned, and haphazard.

Q: In contrast to occasional thieves, _____________________ are criminals who make a significant portion of their income from crime.

Q: _______________ were public meeting places that served as headquarters for gangs in the 18th century.

Q: As a group, _________________ can be defined as acts in violation of the criminal law designed to bring financial reward to an offender.

Q: Identify five reasons why people commit arson for profit.

Q: Discuss the role that genders plays in shaping burglary careers. What are three similarities and three differences in the way male and female professional burglars conduct their craft?

Q: Identify and discuss Neil Shover's characteristics of a "good burglar" and how novices gain recognition as good burglars.

Q: Discuss the historical evolution of the legal definition of burglary.

Q: Explain how fraud, traditional larceny, and embezzlement differ. Provide one example of each type of crime in order to demonstrate the differences.

Q: The vast majority of shoplifters are amateur pilferers or snitches. Why do they steal? Provide two motivations and two examples of how they rationalize their behavior.

Q: Amateur thieves steal cars for a number of reasons. Identify and discuss three reasons why they would steal a car.

Q: Define larceny and provide two examples. Also, distinguish the differences between petty and grand larceny.

Q: What is the role of a professional fence and identify three conditions that make for a successful fence?

Q: Compare and contrast occasional criminals with professional criminals. Identify and describe five differences.

Q: Businesspeople are willing to become involved in arson to take advantage of government funds available for redevelopment.

Q: Female burglars reported they would give up burglary once they settled down and started a family.

Q: False pretenses differs from traditional larceny because the former has victims willingly give their possessions to the offender.

Q: LoJack systems do not reduce the likelihood of protected cars being stolen, but lead to a higher recovery rates.

Q: A large portion of auto thieves steal cars to use in other crimes, such as robberies and thefts.

Q: Thieves who steal cars for long-term transportation intend to keep the cars for their personal use.

Q: Most credit card fraud is the work of amateurs who acquire stolen cards through theft or mugging and then use them for two or three days.

Q: One major advantage with combating shoplifting is that many customers who observe pilferage gladly report it to security agents.

Q: Shoplifting is a common form of theft involving the taking of goods from retail stores. Studies estimate that one in every nine shoppers steals from department stores.

Q: Larceny is separated by state statute into two categories that reflect the degree of physical injury suffered by the victim " misdemeanor larceny and felony larceny.

Q: Describe three ways the FBI and Homeland Security have responded to the threat of terrorism.

Q: Discuss how the recommendation of the 9/11 Commission to centralize intelligence gathering took place.

Q: Contemporary terrorism encompasses many different behaviors and goals. Identify and explain the behaviors and goals of three types of contemporary terrorist groups.

Q: Identify and explain the four competing views of what motives a terrorist.

Q: Define and explain at least three differences between terrorists, guerillas, insurgents, and revolutionaries.

Q: Of all state political crimes, the use of torture to gain information from suspected political criminals is perhaps the most notorious. Discuss its justification and the Constitutional arguments of critics who oppose the use of torture and detainment.

Q: Describe what espionage involves and then distinguish between traditional espionage, industrial espionage, and foreign industrial espionage.

Q: Distinguish between treason and espionage. Provide an example of each to demonstrate your understanding of the nuances.

Q: Present and explain the five primary goals of political criminals.

Q: Define what political crime is and provide three reasons why political crime is so subjective in its nature.

Q: The USA Patriot Act constrains all four traditional tools of surveillance " wiretaps, search warrants, pen/trap orders, and subpoenas.

Q: After the terrorist attacks of September 11th, the Federal Bureau of Investigation realigned its priorities making the protection of the United States from future terrorist attack its number one priority.

Q: The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) is an example of criminal terrorism in which what appears to be a politically motivated action may turn out to be merely a crime for profit.

Q: Cult terrorists find modern society too complex to understand, they engage in doomsday drills, and may stockpile weapons as a last resort when the hostile world starts closing in and the leader's authority is threatened.

Q: When explaining retributive terrorism, it is believed that people who are willing to kill or maim their fellow citizens are likely to be highly susceptible to unquestioning submission to authority.

Q: The socialization view of terrorist motivation suggests that terrorists have been raised to hate their opponents and learn at an early age that they have been victimized by some oppressor.

Q: The ideological view of terrorist motivation suggests that terrorists may be motivated by feelings of alienation and failure to maintain the tools to compete in a post-technological society.

Q: The 1979 transformation of Iran from a constitutional monarchy into an Islamic republic or theocracy is considered an insurgency.

Q: Terrorists typically have an urban focus and operate in small bands or cadres.

Q: The use of torture would be an example of a state political crime.

Q: Robert Hanssen, like Aldrich and Rosario Ames, engaged in the political crime of espionage.

Q: The crime of treason is the practice of obtaining information about a government, organization, or society that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information.

Q: In some third world dictatorships, electoral fraud is the norm and it is common for the ruling party to announce that, after party members counted the votes, that they were returned to office with an overwhelming majority.