Q&A Hero

Q: Moral crusaders run the risk of engaging in immoral conduct in their efforts to protect society from those they consider immoral

Q: Public order crimes are behaviors outlawed because they conflict with social policy, prevailing moral rules, and current public opinion.

Q: Destroying overseas drug crops and arresting members of drug cartels are examples of what type of drug control strategy? a. source control strategy b. interdiction strategy c. law enforcement strategy d. punishment strategy

Q: Which piece of legislation set up unified categories of illegal drugs and associated penalties with their sale, manufacture, or possession? a. the Boggs Act (1951) b. the Durham-Humphrey Act (1951) c. the Narcotic Control Act (1956) d. the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (1970)

Q: In 1914, the Harrison Narcotics Act restricted importation, manufacture, sale, and dispensing of narcotics. This act defined narcotic as any drug that: a. results in addictive behavior b. produces sleep and relieves pain c. was imported d. opium-based

Q: Outwardly respectable adults who are frequent users of drugs may be successful college graduates who became caught up in the club scene in major cities and get involved in recreational drug use. Surveys indicate that ___ percent of urban young adults report usage of at least one club drug. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50

Q: According to Tunnell, dealers who sold drugs to maintain a consistent access to drugs for their own consumption are known as: a. stash dealers b. front dealers c. drug-involved dealers d. crack heads

Q: According to the problem behavior syndrome view of substance abuse, _________ use has been linked to sexual abuse as children and social isolation as adults. a. marijuana b. heroin c. amphetamine d. crack cocaine

Q: According to the social learning view of drug abuse, parental drug abuse begins to have a damaging effect on children as young as ___ years old. a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

Q: The subcultural view of substance abuse concentrates on _________ addiction. a. early-onset b. adult c. lower-class d. adolescent

Q: ________________________ is defined as having five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. a. Heavy drinking b. Binge drinking c. Alcoholism d. Alcohol dependency

Q: According to the Monitoring the Future Study and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, drug use trends: a. have fluctuated in an erratic fashion, yearly, over the past few years b. have declined steadily during the past few years c. have risen steadily during the past few years d. have been relatively stable during the past few years

Q: Several historic factors precipitated the current stringent U.S. drug laws. Which of the following was not one of those factors? a. religious creeds of the nineteenth century b. moral crusaders in the nineteenth century who defined drug use as evil c. medical literature that failed to designate drugs as harmful d. prejudice against immigrant ethnic minorities

Q: An effort to prohibit the sale of liquor in the United States that resulted in the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution in 1919 is known as the: a. war on alcohol b. bootleg war c. moral crusade d. temperance movement

Q: While politically appealing, controlling sex for profit is difficult because: a. Cyber forms of sex-related crimes are immune from prosecution. b. Such behaviors have become increasingly difficult to enforce. c. The Supreme Court holds that prostitution falls under Constitutional protection. d. The public desires to purchase sexually related material and services.

Q: The problem of controlling pornography centers on the definition of: a. obscenity b. filth c. contentious content d. indecent substance

Q: Obscenity is derived from the Latin caenum, for: a. "nudity" b. "bareness" c. "paraphilia" d. "filth"

Q: The free choice view of prostitution expresses women's: a. subjugation b. equality c. dominance d. social circumstances

Q: The sexual equality view of prostitution considers the prostitute a victim of: a. double-standards b. the legal system c. male dominance d. social circumstances

Q: Fears that immigrants used their foreign ways to snare unsuspecting American girls into prostitution prompted the passage of what federal legislation, which prohibited bringing women into the country or transporting them across state lines for the purposes of prostitution? a. Mann Act b. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act c. PROTECT Act d. Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Q: Which of the following is false regarding why women become prostitutes? a. due to a long history of drug abuse b. because they experienced physical and sexual abuse in childhood c. due to a rational choice based upon economic need d. because they derive sexual satisfaction from it

Q: Prostitutes who barter drugs for sex are called: a. b-girls b. hookers c. circuit travelers d. skeezers

Q: Prostitutes who move around in groups of two or three to lumber, labor, and agricultural camps are known as: a. b-girls b. hookers c. circuit travelers d. skeezers

Q: A relatively new form of prostitution that combines brothels with call girl rings is known as: a. a massage parlor b. traveling skeezers c. an aristocrat apartment d. a call house

Q: ___________________ are the aristocrats of prostitution and many come from middle-class backgrounds and service upper-class customers. a. B-girls b. Hookers c. Call girls d. Brothel prostitutes

Q: It is common to find B-girls in towns: a. along the east and west coasts b. with large industrial complexes c. with military bases d. along the southern coastal region

Q: The life of streetwalkers is very dangerous. Research indicates ___ percent of streetwalkers experience violence. a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40

Q: Which of the following is not a working style among women involved in street-based prostitution? a. Women controlled by pimps who demand and receive a major share of their earnings. b. Independent entrepreneurs interested in building a stable group of steady clients. c. Those who manipulate and exploit their customers and may engage in theft and blackmail. d. Females who receive sexual and economic satisfaction from hooking.

Q: These prostitutes are considered the least attractive, lowest paid, most vulnerable men and women in their profession. a. bar girls b. brothel prostitutes c. street walkers d. call girls

Q: While traditional forms of prostitution may be in decline, _____________, that uses the internet to shield identities and contact clients, may be responsible for the resurgence in sex for hire, especially in times of economic turmoil. a. ehooking b. Craigslist c. social networking d. chatrooms

Q: Commercial sexual transactions contain which condition? a. economic transaction b. emotional concern c. activity that has sexual significance for the prostitute d. pressure from others to engage in something different and exciting

Q: ______________________ can be defined as granting nonmarital sexual access, established by mutual agreement among parties for remuneration. a. Prostitution b. Paraphilia c. Exploitation d. Frotteurism

Q: Modern commercial sex appears to have its roots in: a. ancient Rome b. China c. ancient Greece d. Mesopotamia

Q: The term prostitution derives from the Latin prostituere, which means: a. "to do temple duty" b. "to cause to stand in front of" c. "to honor Aphrodite" d. "to make temple payment"

Q: Of all the commonly practiced paraphilias, attaining sexual pleasure through sexual activity with prepubescent children is of most concern. This is known as: a. pedophilia b. frotteurism c. asphyxiophilia d. voyeurism

Q: Among outlawed sexual behavior is ________________, in which a person rubs against or touches a nonconsenting person in a crowd, elevator, or other public area. a. transvestite fetishism b. frotteurism c. asphyxiophilia d. voyeurism

Q: Obtaining sexual pleasure from spying on a stranger while he or she disrobes or engages in sexual behavior with another is known as: a. transvestite fetishism b. frotteurism c. asphyxiophilia d. voyeurism

Q: Bizarre or abnormal sexual practices involving recurrent sexual urges focused on nonhuman objects, humiliation or pain, or children is termed: a. voyeurism b. asphyxiophilia c. pedophila d. paraphilia

Q: Interest groups that attempt to control social life and the legal order in order to promote their own personal set of moral values are known as: a. social crusaders b. decency crusaders c. righteous crusaders d. moral crusaders

Q: Legislation of moral issues has continually frustrated lawmakers. Whereas, it is easy to determine and sympathize with a victim of an assault or robbery, it is more difficult to sympathize with victims of immoral acts, especially if the parties involved are willing participants. This moral conundrum has resulted in the problematic crime label called: a. victimless crimes b. morality crimes c. social harm offenses d. decency offenses

Q: Which of the following is a public-order crime? a. online gambling b. fraud c. prostitution d. identity theft

Q: Acts that are considered illegal because they threaten the general well-being of society and challenge its accepted moral principles are known as: a. obscenities b. paraphilias c. economic crimes d. public order crimes

Q: School programs designed to give students the skills for resisting peer pressure to experiment with tobacco, drugs, and alcohol are called ______________________.

Q: When representatives of local government agencies, churches, and civic organizations join in drug-control efforts it is termed a _____________________.

Q: Longitudinal studies indicate that drug abusers are maladjusted, alienated, and emotionally distressed and that drug use is only one among a number of many social problems. This causal explanation of substance abuse is termed ___________________.

Q: Studies of the __________ basis of substance abuse suggest that people whose parents were alcoholic or drug dependent have a greater chance of developing a problem than children of non-abusers.

Q: The _______________was an effort to prohibit the sale of liquor in the United States that resulted in the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution in 1919.

Q: Drug use is not a new concept. Mesopotamian writings indicate that __________ was used 5,000 years ago " it was known as the "plant of joy."

Q: The product that results from the creation and distribution of pornography in which virtual children are indistinguishable from real children is known as ______________.

Q: ___________ is derived from the Latin caenum, for "filth" and is defined by Webster's dictionary as "deeply offensive to morality or decency"¦designed to incite to lust or depravity."

Q: ______________ is material that is used to provide sexual titillation and excitement for paying customers.

Q: _______________ is a booming business whereby men from wealthy nations engage in sexual activities with trafficked individuals by traveling to destinations where women and children are prostituted.

Q: ___________________ is the granting of nonmarital sexual access, established by mutual agreement, for remuneration.

Q: _____________are bizarre or abnormal sexual practices involving recurrent sexual urges.

Q: Interest groups that attempt to control social life and the legal order to promote their own personal set of moral values are referred to as ___________________.

Q: According to Sir Patrick Devlin, so-called victimless crimes should be prohibited because one of the functions of criminal laws is to express a shared sense of _________________.

Q: Acts that are considered illegal because they threaten the general well-being of society and challenge its accepted moral principles are known as __________________.

Q: Discuss the two of the following causes of crime: rational choice view, the neutralization view, the cultural view, and the self-control view of white-collar crime causation.

Q: Identify and define three damaging forms of green collar crime.

Q: Identify and define the different perspectives of green collar crime.

Q: Identify and discuss two U.S. federal agencies involved in white-collar crime enforcement.

Q: Identify and define the different approaches used to combat white-collar crime and provide two examples of each.

Q: Define and distinguish between exploitation and influence peddling

Q: Identify four findings of the most recent national survey conducted by the National White Collar Crime Center with concern to white-collar crime.

Q: Define white-collar crime comparing Sutherland's original definition of white-collar crime with today's more updated definition.

Q: Compare and contrast white-collar and green-collar crime. Define both concepts then link the two categories.

Q: Define enterprise crime and discuss the two typologies.

Q: Hirschi and Gottfredson maintain that the motives that produce white-collar crime are not the same as those that produce any other criminal behaviors.

Q: Many offenders feel free to engage in business crime because they can easily rationalize its effects.

Q: Among the allegations of criminal wrongdoing investigated by the EPA is conspiracy and money laundering relating to environmental criminal activities.

Q: Illegal wildlife traders can be independent one person operations that sell a single item to complex multi-ton, commercial-sized consignments shipped all over the world.

Q: Illegal logging costs billions of dollars each year in governments revenue, impairing the ability of third world nations to provide needed social services.

Q: Deterrence strategies should work and have worked in controlling white-collar crime because white-collar crime, by its nature, is a rational act.

Q: A division of markets involves a corporation requiring its customers who use one of its services to use other services it offers.

Q: The type of white-collar crime that includes antitrust violations, price fixing, and false advertising is known as corporate crime.

Q: The Sherman Antitrust combats fraud and abuse in publicly traded companies.

Q: Thirty years ago, the Knapp Commission found that police corruption in New York City was pervasive and widespread, ranging from officers taking small gratuities from local businesspeople to senior officers receiving payoffs in the thousands of dollars from gamblers and narcotics violators.

Q: Affirmative tax evasion occurs when an individual fails to pay taxes or does not report all income.

Q: Bank fraud can encompass such diverse schemes as check kiting, check forgery, false statements on loan applications, sale of stolen checks, bank credit card fraud, unauthorized ATM use, auto title fraud, and illegal transactions with offshore banks.

Q: Blue-collar employees may be involved in systematic theft of company property, commonly called pilferage.