Q&A Hero

Q: The most commonly utilized ethical systems are religion and egoism.

Q: The imperative principle is associated with utilitarianism.

Q: Acts of charity are inconsistent with enlightened egoism.

Q: Under the ethics of virtue philosophy, it is possible to have an excess of honor, truth, or shame.

Q: The definition of eudaimonia or happiness is equivalent to the idea of hedonism.

Q: Utilitarianism would sacrifice the individual for the good of the majority.

Q: Telling a lie to someone who doesn"t deserve the truth is not a lie according to ethical formalism.

Q: Giving someone a car because they need it is a good act according to ethical formalism, even if he later dies in a crash because the brakes failed.

Q: Ethical formalism is a deontological ethical system.

Q: Ethical systems are the same as moral rules.

Q: In America, state, federal, and local governments have enacted laws to protect forests from destruction. Through these laws, the overall community is protected, even though individuals may be negatively affected. By meeting the needs of the overall community, these laws exhibit: a. principle of forfeiture b. principle of the golden mean c. hypothetical imperative d. utilitarianism

Q: Farmers, ranchers, and loggers in these countries engage in these practices because they deem it necessary to provide for their families. Because their focus is on providing for their families and communities, they are adhering to the ethical system known as: a. ethics of care b. egoism c. psychological egoism d. golden mean

Q: In this instance, their society's definitions differ from the American definitions. This is an example of: a. deontology b. egoism c. cultural relativism d. absolutism

Q: Mary's decision to report the crime had negative effects for the two officers involved, and for Mary personally. However, the rest of the community has benefited from the removal of corrupt police officers. A(n) ____________ viewpoint would find this outcome to be ethical.a. absolutistb. utilitarianc. egoistd. imperative

Q: Mary decides to report the crime that she observed, even though it will mean that her fellow officers will lose their jobs and might also be prosecuted. She has decided that the other officers brought this upon themselves; they WERE originally worthy of her loyalty, but lost that loyalty through their own actions. This illustrates: a. ethical formalism b. egoism c. principle of forfeiture d. principle of the golden mean

Q: Mary's situation is an example of: a. cultural relativism b. egoism c. an ethical dilemma d. the ethics of care

Q: As stated in the scenario, Larry donates to charity but still provides a comfortable life for his family. He has found a balance between the competing virtues of giving to the less-fortunate while also ensuring that he provides for his family. This is an illustration of:a. ethical formalismb. egoismc. natural lawd. principle of the golden mean

Q: A teleological response to the situation would require Larry to: a. remain passive, regardless of the consequences b. pray for guidance c. fight hard against the robber, regardless of the injury he might inflict d. only be concerned with protecting himself

Q: A deontological response to the situation would require Larry to: a. remain passive, regardless of the consequences b. pray for guidance c. fight hard against the robber, regardless of the injury he might inflict d. only be concerned with protecting himself

Q: Larry has always professed non-violence, but in this instance he fights the robber to protect his child. Technically, by fighting, he is violating his moral belief that one should be non-violent. His decision to fight in this instance, which he believes to be justified, is an example of: a. Absolutism b. Universality c. Egoism d. Situational ethics

Q: Situational ethics is often used as a synonym for: a. absolutism b. relativism c. formalism d. pluralism

Q: The concept that there are fundamental truths that may dictate different definitions of what is moral in different situations is called: a. moral pluralism b. utilitarianism c. ethical formalism d. natural law

Q: Which of the following statements about the principle of forfeiture is false? a. It holds that people who treat others as means to an end forfeit the right to protection of their own freedom and well-being b. It holds that people who aggress forfeit their own right to be protected from harm c. It holds that self-defense is morally unacceptable d. It holds that lying to a person who threatens harm is acceptable

Q: ________________________________ describes the position of what is good or bad changes depending on the individual or group, and that are no moral absolutes. a. Moral absolutism b. Ethical relativism c. Sub-cultural moralism d. Global relativism

Q: Subcultural deviance theory is most consistent with which type of ethical system? a. Deontological b. Absolutist c. Legalist d. Relativist

Q: The _________________ principle directs a decision maker to act according to a specific, unbending rule. a. generalization b. imperative c. utilitarian d. golden mean

Q: Which of the following is one of the three principles of ethical decision making as described by Krogstand and Robertson? a. the egoistic principle b. the golden mean principle c. the utilitarian principle d. the ethical principle

Q: Altruistic acts that benefit the individual by ensuring reciprocal assistance reflect: a. enlightened egoism b. altruistic egoism c. psychological egoism d. religious egoism

Q: Giving to charity or volunteering are examples of: a. enlightened egoism b. altruistic egoism c. psychological egoism d. religious egoism

Q: _____________________ postulates that what is good for one's survival and personal happiness is moral. a. Altruism b. Narcissism c. Egoism d. Philanthropy

Q: The peacemaking process is composed of three parts: connectedness, caring, and: a. Respect b. Mindfulness c. Fairness d. Equity

Q: Which ethical system is concerned with needs and relationships? a. Virtue b. Religion c. Ethical Formalism d. Ethics of care

Q: Which of "The 6 Pillars of Character" includes being a good steward of the natural resources and doing one's fair share? a. Citizenship b. Trustworthiness c. Caring d. Respect

Q: Which of "The 6 Pillars of Character" encompasses the ideas of altruism and benevolence? a. Citizenship b. Trustworthiness c. Caring d. Respect

Q: Which of the following is not one of "The 6 Pillars of Character" presented in the text? a. Fairness b. Caring c. Respect d. Humility

Q: Aristotle's concept of moderation, in which one should not err toward excess or deficiency, is called: a. the principle of eudaimonia b. the principle of the golden mean c. the principle of moral latitude d. the principle of the moral exemplar

Q: The system of ethics of virtue is associated with: a. Kant b. Aquinas c. Aristotle d. Hobbes

Q: Which is not considered a moral virtue? a. Thriftiness b. Industriousness c. Love d. Honesty

Q: Which ethical system embraces human's inclination for self-preservation? a. ethical formalism b. natural law c. ethics of care d. ethics of virtue

Q: According to Barry, human beings can "know" God's will in three ways. Which of the following is not one of these three ways? a. Individual conscience b. Religious authorities c. Holy scriptures d. Individual occurrence

Q: The authority of religious ethics, in particular such as those of Judeo-Christian ethics, stems from a willful and rational: a. clergy b. leader c. God d. ecclesia

Q: In _______________ utilitarianism, only the basic utility derived from an action is examined. a. rule b. act c. hypothetical d. categorical

Q: In ______________ utilitarianism, one judges an action in reference to the precedent it sets and the long-term utility of the rule set by that action. a. Rule b. Act c. Hypothetical d. categorical

Q: Which statement about hypothetical imperatives is true? a. Hypothetical imperatives command action that is necessary without any reference to intended purposes or consequences b. Hypothetical imperatives refer to the concept that some things just must be and don"t require further justification c. Hypothetical imperatives refer to the imperative that you should do your duty and act the way you want everyone else to act d. Hypothetical imperatives are commands that designate certain actions to attain certain ends

Q: Which statement is not consistent with ethical formalism? a. Moral law is self-imposed. b. Moral actions are determined by reason. c. Lying is never justified. d. Individuals cannot control the consequences of their decisions.

Q: An ethical system which judges the consequences of an act is referred to as: a. a deontological ethical system b. a teleological ethical system c. a formal ethical system d. a theological ethical system

Q: Immanuel Kant is most associated with which ethical system? a. Utilitarianism b. ethics of care c. ethics of virtue d. ethical formalism

Q: The difference between deontological ethical systems and teleological ethical systems is that: a. Deontological systems focus on intent instead of consequences. b. Deontological systems prioritize the ends over the means. c. Teleological systems focus on intent instead of consequences. d. Teleological systems prioritize the means over the ends.

Q: Which of the following is not a requirement of ethical systems? a. universal in nature b. authoritative c. based on God (however defined) d. not-self serving

Q: A structured set of principles that defines what is moral is referred to as: a. a norm system b. an ethical system c. a morality guide d. a principled guide

Q: List and discuss the five steps used to clarify any ethical dilemma that are presented in the text.

Q: Compare and contrast ethical issues and ethical dilemmas. Provide an example of each.

Q: According to the text, most behaviors might be judged as ethical or unethical for criminal justice professionals fall into four major categories. List and discuss these four categories and provide an example of each.

Q: Consider a judge who must determine whether a 16-year-old who committed a violent crime should be tried as an adult. Identify the ethical dilemma(s) the judge faces and describe how she might arrive at an ethical decision.

Q: Describe and discuss the relationship between duties and values as presented in your text.

Q: Compare and contrast duties and superogatories. Give an example of each.

Q: List and discuss the four branches of ethics presented in the text.

Q: Compare and contrast morals and ethics.

Q: List and discuss Felkenes' reasons why it is important for criminal justice professionals to study ethics. Pay particular attention to the aspects of criminal justice occupations that make it so critical that we study and understand ethics.

Q: List and discuss the elements that all professionals in the criminal justice system have in common.

Q: ______________ have the power to define behavior as illegal and, therefore, punishable.

Q: The study of ethics is especially important for criminal justice professionals because the criminal justice system is uniquely involved in ___________.

Q: Many people suffer from personal crises when their actions conflict with their ___________________.

Q: __________ is usually the reason given for criminalizing certain forms of behavior.

Q: Asking whether something is _______ is not necessarily the same question as asking whether something is right.

Q: Ethical ____________________are broad social questions, often concerning the government's social control mechanisms and the impact on those governed.

Q: _____________________ are defined as judgments of desirability, worth, or importance.

Q: The term __________________ refers to commendable actions that are not required in order to be considered moral.

Q: The term _________________ refers to applied ethics relevant to a particular occupation or profession.

Q: ___________________ defines moral duties based on ethical systems..

Q: _______________ is the discipline investigating the meaning of ethical systems and whether they are relative or universal.

Q: ___________________ refers to the application of ethical principles to specific issues.

Q: The study and analysis of what constitutes good or bad conduct is called ____________.

Q: The term ________________ refers to exploring issues with one's heart as well as one's mind.

Q: The term ______________ refers to the power to make a decision or choice.

Q: An applied ethics approach presumes that individuals generally prefer to do what is right.

Q: Exploring with one's heart as well as one's mind is known as "wholesight."

Q: Roughly half of all college students surveyed have cheated on tests or papers, despite believing cheating to be wrong.

Q: Prosecutors' primary ethical duty is to pursue a conviction.

Q: Facts are capable of scientific proof, but values and moral judgments are not.