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Criminal Law
Q:
The _________________________ mandated that every state keep a record of prison rapes and allocated money to study the problem and develop solutions.
Q:
The term ____________________ refers to a group of officers in Salinas Valley Prison, California who were implicated in a variety of unethical behaviors.
Q:
The type of abuse inflicted by individual officers intentionally is called ____________ abuse.
Q:
Bomse classified the denial of medical care and the lack of responsiveness as ________________ abuse.
Q:
Researchers found no link between how workers believe they are treated by management and how ethically they behave.
Q:
Researchers Mesloh, Wolf, and Henych found that medical staff in prisons scored higher on the ethics scale than did correctional officers.
Q:
Philip Zimbardo's prison experiment took place on the campus of Stanford University
Q:
In the United States, female prisoners were once housed together with men.
Q:
Norway's correctional system includes a maximum sentence of incarceration of 40 years.
Q:
Probation and parole officers who have been arrested for a DWI are immediately terminated.
Q:
"Hostile work environment" has to do with the unions objecting to management treatment of officers.
Q:
A strong anti-corruption policy should include screening of employees using state-of-the-art psychological tools.
Q:
The "trickle down" theory of ethical management is that correctional officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management.
Q:
The scandal at Abu Ghraib led to a national commission to study prison practices in the United States.
Q:
The Zimbardo experiment of the 1970's was conducted over a period of 3 weeks.
Q:
The Milgram experiment was where college students became brutal when they took on the role of correctional officers.
Q:
While it is legal to allow female guards to supervise male inmates, it is illegal to allow male guards to supervise female inmates.
Q:
The number of male officers supervising female inmates is small.
Q:
In the 1990s, Corcoran prison guards in California were accused of setting up gladiator-type fights between inmates and encouraging or allowing prisoner rapes.
Q:
One criticism of restorative justice suggests that __________________ offenders may be good for the individual victim but may not be good for the "class of victims" who have yet to be victimized.
a. Forgiving
b. Incarcerating
c. Executing
d. suing
Q:
The offender explains to the victim that he didn"t consider that there was a person who suffered as a result of his vandalism; to him, it was "just a building," and "the company" would fix whatever damage he did. This statement indicates which belief?
a. denial of victim
b. denial of harm
c. denial of responsibility
d. "trickle-down"
Q:
Addressing the personal needs of the offender in this scenario is justified via which ethical system?
a. Utilitarianism
b. ethical formalism
c. ethics of care
d. Kantian ethics
Q:
It is possible that this situation developed out of the sight of top administrators at the prison because they are more involved with external matters, such as dealing with the legislature, media, courts, and community. In the text this is referred to as having a(n) _____________________ .a. external focusb. conflicting priorityc. multiple stakeholdersd. outward orientation
Q:
The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that he stands to be fired or demoted if the situation becomes known outside the institution. This would be an application of the _______________ viewpoint.
a. Deontological
b. Egoist
c. Utilitarian
d. Marxist
Q:
The warden considers covering up the situation, with the rationale that it is ethical to sacrifice the well-being of a few officers to protect the reputation of the entire institution. This would be an application of the _______________ viewpoint.
a. Deontological
b. Egoist
c. Utilitarian
d. Marxist
Q:
The conditions described in the complaints constitute a:
a. "trickle-down" abuse
b. hostile work environment
c. systemic abuse
d. misfeasance
Q:
Interviews with the officers revealed a common perception that prison management did not behave ethically and was not concerned about officer safety. The officers indicated that they eventually adopted the attitude that if management was not going to treat them properly, then they were no longer concerned about treating inmates ethically. This situation illustrates:a. systemic abuseb. "trickle-down" abusec. informal misconductd. negligent abuse
Q:
While investigating the complaints, you noticed that several housing units were empty, while the others were clearly overcrowded. Cells designed for two inmates were occupied by three or four. When you asked the warden about this situation, he explained that it was more cost-effective to double-up the inmates. The empty cells did not require monitoring, cleaning, maintenance, etc. He did not seem concerned that this policy resulted in undue suffering on the part of the inmates. This situation would be classified as:
a. systemic abuse
b. "trickle-down" abuse
c. informal misconduct
d. negligent abuse
Q:
Several complaints related to the officers' failure to follow-up on requests for medical care. There was also one complaint regarding lost mail. Your investigation leads you to believe that these issues were not intentional on the part of the officers; nevertheless, they still get classified as:
a. systemic abuse
b. "trickle-down" abuse
c. informal misconduct
d. negligent abuse
Q:
Which aspect of penalties found in sentencing circles emphasize the individual's responsibility to the victim and society?a. community serviceb. apologyc. shamingd. restitution
Q:
Both restorative justice and peacemaking corrections are consistent with the ethics of care and might be considered ______________ models of justice.
a. "feminine"
b. "utilitarian"
c. "masculine"
d. "informal"
Q:
An element of peacemaking corrections that involves looking at what needs to be done with both the heart and the head is called:
a. "care perspective"
b. "feminine eye"
c. "wholesight"
d. "third-eye sight"
Q:
According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
a. the U.S. holds 5 percent of the world's population but 50 percent of its prisoners
b. the U.S. holds 5 percent of the world's population but 25 percent of its prisoners
c. the U.S. holds 5 percent of the world's population and 5 percent of its prisoners
d. the U.S. holds 5 percent of the world's population but 75 percent of its prisoners
Q:
Which of the following statements about restorative justice programs is false?
a. Restorative justice programs may lead to oppositional subcultures
b. Restorative justice programs may lead to a greater sense of mission for employees
c. Restorative justice programs are oriented to meeting the needs of victims and offenders
d. Restorative justice programs may lead to decreased burn out and misconduct among employees
Q:
The "__________________ complex" provides jobs and profits to legions of companies and people around the country.
a. for-profit
b. Wal-prison-mart
c. prison-industrial
d. correctional sector
Q:
According to McCarthy, an anti-corruption policy for correctional managers should include all of the following except:
a. improved working conditions
b. providing good role models in the form of supervisors and administrators
c. reduced opportunities for corruption
d. regular lie-detector tests
Q:
Wright offers seven principles as a guide for how administrators and supervisors should treat employees. Which of the following is not one of these seven principles?
a. fair treatment
b. due process
c. safety
d. good benefits
Q:
To improve the ethical climate of an agency, Souryal advocates all except:
a. upgrading the quality of personnel
b. establishing quality-based supervisory techniques
c. emphasizing true ethical training
d. screening potential employees using psychological tools
Q:
Souryal argued that "integrated thinking" and _____________________ were important elements for an ethical climate.
a. "reasoning"
b. "moral agility"
c. "wisdom"
d. "conflict resolution"
Q:
Souryal argued that the ________________ of a correctional institution is influenced by the level of education required for hire, the amount of in-service training officers receive, the policies regarding employees who act in unethical ways, and the presence of a professional association or union that can effectively monitor the agency's practices.
a. "agility"
b. "adequacy"
c. "civility"
d. "worthiness"
Q:
Which of the following theories of ethical management argues that officers will treat inmates the way they perceive they are being treated by management?
a. "trickle down" theory
b. "eye-for-an-eye" theory
c. "restitution" theory
d. "hierarchical" theory
Q:
Examples of restorative justice process include all of the following except:
a. family group counseling
b. victim-offender mediation
c. sentencing circles
d. voluntary group counseling
Q:
According to a study cited in the text, correctional managers attribute misconduct to:
a. low pay and poor screening during hiring.
b. unreasonably long shifts.
c. supervisors being required to oversee too many employees.
d. a lack of adequate equipment and supplies.
Q:
Medical personnel sometimes adopt the ____________________ philosophy of corrections and deprive inmates of services because of a belief that they don"t deserve treatment.
a. "penal harm"
b. "green wall"
c. "correctional brick wall"
d. "penal oath"
Q:
The person who helped set up the Abu Ghraib prison and had also served as head of the Texas, New Mexico, and Utah prison systems was:
a. Donald Vodicka
b. Andy Collins
c. Farhad Monem
d. Lane McCotter
Q:
According to a study by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, which of the following statements about officers having sexual relationships with inmates is true?
a. only male officers engage in sexual relationships with inmates
b. the problem of officers having sexual relationships with inmates is about equally divided between female officers and male officers
c. the problem of officers having sexual relationships with inmates is significantly higher among female officers than male officers
d. the problem of officers having sexual relationships with inmates is significantly higher among male officers than female officers
Q:
Which of the following statements about women in prison is false?
a. Until the mid 1800s, female prisoners were housed together with men in jails.
b. Only non-consensual staff-inmate sex is considered unethical.
c. In the mid-1970s female officers challenged the hiring patters of state prison systems.
d. Today, male officers are assigned to all posts inside prisons for women.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
a. In the latest report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, about 25 percent of inmates reported some type of sexual victimization.
b. In the latest report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, only 10 percent of inmates that reported sexual victimization named another inmate as their victimizer.
c. In the latest report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, over 90 percent of inmates that reported sexual victimization named a staff member as their victimizer.
d. In the latest report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, less than 5 percent of inmates reported some type of sexual victimization.
Q:
A group called _________________ was formed at Salinas Valley Prison when inmates who had injured officers in a disturbance were then beaten by the officers in turn.
a. "The Christmas Party"
b. "The Green Wall"
c. "The Wall of Pain"
d. "The Salinas Tribunals"
Q:
Lack of responsiveness and failure to protect are examples which of the following types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?
a. malicious or purposeful abuse
b. negligent abuse
c. systematic or budgetary abuse
d. intentional sexual abuse
Q:
Excessive use of force, rape and sexual harassment, theft and destruction of personal property are all examples of which of the following types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?
a. malicious or purposeful abuse
b. negligent abuse
c. systemic or budgetary abuse
d. intentional sexual abuse
Q:
Inadequate medical care and elimination of visits or other programs are all examples of which of the following types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?
a. malicious or purposeful abuse
b. negligent abuse
c. systemic or budgetary abuse
d. intentional sexual abuse
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the three types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?
a. malicious or purposeful abuse
b. negligent abuse
c. systematic or budgetary abuse
d. intentional sexual abuse
Q:
Acts of nonfeasance are acts:
a. of omission such as ignoring rule violations
b. that violate authority
c. performed for personal gain
d. that break ethical standards only
Q:
Souryal refers to illegitimate acts done for personal gain as:
a. acts of malfeasance
b. acts of nonfeasance
c. acts of misfeasance
d. acts of feasance
Q:
Souryal refers to acts that violate authority as:
a. acts of malfeasance
b. acts of nonfeasance
c. acts of unfeasance
d. acts of feasance
Q:
Souryal legally defines _____________________ as the use of oppression or extralegal methods, and ethically, as the failure of officers to demonstrate compassion or keep a promise.
a. Malfeasance
b. Corruption
c. Abuse
d. nonfeasance
Q:
Souryal's corruption typology includes all of the following categories except:
a. arbitrary use of power
b. oppression and failure to demonstrate compassion/caring
c. abusing authority for personal gain
d. mismanagement of prison resources
Q:
McCarthy and Souryal discuss the major types of corruption by correctional officers and other officials in institutional corrections. These include all of following except:
a. Theft
b. Trafficking
c. Embezzlement
d. fraud
Q:
Discuss ethical issues faced by probation and parole officers.
Q:
Describe the job-related discretion available to probation and parole officers, and provide examples of ethical and unethical applications of discretion.
Q:
What are the two interests treatment staff have to balance? Give examples of some ethical concerns of treatment personnel.
Q:
According to your text, what are some ways that morality can be maintained in prison?
Q:
What are some ways to reduce corruption in the prison environment?
Q:
Describe the CO subculture.
Q:
List and describe some forms of corruption committed by CO's.
Q:
Describe the CO's role ambiguity in the 1970s and 1980s.
Q:
Describe how CO's have discretion similar to police officers and court personnel.
Q:
____________ are perceived to be more of a threat to the community, so the officers' "supervision" role is emphasized much more strongly than in probation.
Q:
Antipsychotic drugs are often used for the purpose of _________ rather than treatment when administered to disruptive inmates.
Q:
Because of the ____________ nature of the population, jail officers may not know much about the inmates they supervise.
Q:
An officer who does a favor for an inmate expecting it to benefit him later (because the inmate would owe him) would be using a(n) ____________ rationalization.
Q:
Beatings of inmates who attack correctional officers could be justified under a _______________ ethical system, if they serve the greater good by providing a warning to other inmates that they will receive similar treatment if they attack an officer.
Q:
Children of inmates are ______________ times more likely to be delinquent.
Q:
The United States has one of the _______________ incarceration rates in the world.
Q:
_________________ referred to a method of punishment wherein officers would beat an inmate to "teach him a lesson".
Q:
Correctional officers have the full range of ____________control over inmates, including loss of liberty through physical force if necessary.
Q:
Officers who do the minimal level of work are referred to as ____________.
Q:
___________________ is Syke's term for when officers become indebted to inmates and return favors.
Q:
The term ___________________ refers to a situation today where courts are inclined to rule in favor of prison officials and give them freedom in decisions regarding running the prison.