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Q:
The "secret" courts called the _____________________ evaluated government agents' requests to search or conduct wiretaps of those suspected of being involved in threats to national security.
Q:
The ____________________ was passed in response to 9/11, and created greater investigative powers for law enforcement and government agencies.
Q:
If one undertakes an action that is a good but that also results in a negative end, as long as the negative end was not the intent of the actor, then the good action and good end can be considered a good. This is called the _______________________.
Q:
The name of the Iraqi prison that was the site of pictures taken of extreme torture-tactics by Americans against Iraqi citizens was __________.
Q:
The "front page test" suggests that some ethical systems rank higher than others, depending on the situation, and one should follow whichever is on the "front page" at that time.
Q:
The major problem in the utilitarian ethical system is that at the time we make the decision, we are unable to know what the outcome of our actions will be.
Q:
Under rights-based law enforcement, any act might be justified, depending on the situation.
Q:
The Supreme Court based its rulings on the rationale that Guantanamo is considered to be a legal territory of the United States and therefore is subject to United States law.
Q:
"Means"end thinking" is the idea that what would usually be wrong can sometimes be justified to achieve a good end.
Q:
According to the text, utilitarianism is the most pervasive ethical system used in the war on terror.
Q:
The CIA agent who was fired after exposing the existence of secret prisons was Coleen Rowley.
Q:
European law enforcement seems to be more committed to a rights-based policing model even though they have been dealing with terrorism longer than the U.S.
Q:
Military interrogators were trained with materials derived from descriptions of techniques used by the Chinese against American soldiers in the Korean War.
Q:
In Boumediene v. Bush, the Supreme Court ruled that the military commissions established by Congress were not sufficient to ensure due process.
Q:
In Clark v. Martinez, the Supreme Court held that the United States could not indefinitely hold illegal aliens without some form of due process.
Q:
Renditions are always done with the host country's knowledge.
Q:
The FISA court was in response to government operations that spied on citizens in the 1970s.
Q:
The principle of double effect would justify a bombing that resulted in the death of civilians if the target was a legitimate military target.
Q:
The just war debate is concerned with the inevitability of war.
Q:
Under the doctrine of "command responsibility,"
a. you are responsible for making decisions that meet strict ethical standards
b. you are responsible for training the soldiers under your command in the subject of ethics
c. you are responsible for war crimes committed by your soldiers
d. you are required to receive written approval from your superiors before engaging the enemy
Q:
A newly-captured soldier is found to be in possession of documents that indicate an imminent operation targeting American soldiers. Traditional interrogation of the soldier has not yielded any results, and you are concerned that lives will be lost if the captive soldier cannot be made to reveal what he knows about the imminent attack. Believing that time is running out, you consider authorizing the use of brutality in order to hopefully extract the information before lives are lost. Your dilemma is known as:
a. the principle of double effect
b. the Dirty Harry problem
c. "just means"
d. the Jack Bauer solution
Q:
If you approve the use of interrogation techniques that America has found objectionable when used against U.S. soldiers, your decision fails the _________________ test.
a. universalism
b. double-effect
c. natural law
d. positivist law
Q:
Your department discovered a local resident meeting with a suspected intelligence officer from a foreign nation operating in your city. Your department is planning a joint operation with the FBI to investigate, and it is decided that a wiretap would be appropriate. Because the resident is a U.S. citizen, the wiretap must be approved by:a. the Supreme Courtb. the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Courtc. the Federal Circuit Court with jurisdiction over your cityd. no court approval is needed, as long as the FBI is officially part of the investigation
Q:
In order to gather intelligence, you consider utilizing so-called "mosque crawlers," which are:
a. remote-controlled surveillance devices
b. computer programs that automatically search web sites for certain keywords
c. agents who infiltrate mosques and Muslim neighborhoods to gather intelligence
d. pamphlets distributed in Muslim neighborhoods offering rewards for tips
Q:
All of the following changes likely took place in your city and department in the years following 9/11 except:
a. a reduction of civil liberties
b. a merging of immigration control and traditional law enforcement
c. federal funding for community-policing projects doubled or tripled
d. patrol officers received training regarding the prevention of and response to terrorist incidents
Q:
The pursuit of Saddam Hussein caused many civilian casualties among the Iraqi people. The civilian casualties were not intended; in fact, great care was taken to keep the civilian casualties to a minimum. According to the ___________________, then, the act of toppling Hussein was considered a good act.a. categorical imperativeb. Dirty Harry dilemmac. natural lawd. principle of double effect
Q:
Which of the following conditions is not required to justify war, according to Bellamy?
a. the violations must be knowable to all
b. the violations must be widespread and systematic
c. approval to move forward must be unanimous among other nations
d. the force used must save more lives than it injures
Q:
Prior to beginning the invasion, the Bush Administration presented justification to the United Nations, and also attempted to resolve the nuclear weapon issue by working with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The United Nations issued numerous sanctions against Iraq. Seeking approval and cooperation from these international bodies before beginning the invasion is consistent with:
a. positivist law
b. natural law
c. the principle of double effect
d. the "front page" test
Q:
According to "just war" theorists, the belief that a nation is justified in going to war when they have suffered unjust injuries (such as 9/11) and to protect the state (such as against a nuclear weapon) is rooted in:
a. positivist law
b. natural law
c. the principle of double effect
d. the "front page" test
Q:
"Means-end" ethical analysis is consistent with:a. religious ethicsb. dentological ethicsc. teleological ethicsd. ethics of care
Q:
In which of the following whistle-blowing incidents was General Taguba involved?
a. The "Quantico Circuit"
b. "Abu Ghraib"
c. The exposure of secret prisons in the Pentagon
d. Taguba was not involved in any of these events
Q:
Babak Pasdar was a whistleblower who discovered and revealed what is commonly known as the:
a. "Quantico Circuit"
b. "Abu Ghraib" scandal
c. "1-800-FBI"
d. Pasdar was not a whistleblower
Q:
Neyroud and Beckley describe the police standards of the United Kingdom as reflecting an emphasis on:
a. law and order
b. retribution
c. human rights
d. punishment
Q:
A basic premise of rights-based law enforcement is that:
a. the end justify the means
b. the rights of the state supersede all other rights
c. some acts are never justified
d. compared to the government, the individual has no rights
Q:
Which of the following approaches to policing is consistent with a categorical imperative?
a. crime control approach
b. rights-based approach
c. public service approach
d. utilitarian service
Q:
Which of the following approaches to policing is considered utilitarian?
a. crime control approach
b. rights-based approach
c. public service approach
d. deontological service
Q:
A central theme of the text is the importance of ______________ leadership.
a. educated
b. decisive
c. popularly-supported
d. ethical
Q:
The values and ethics associated with the _____________________ approach focus on human rights and the fundamental duty of all public servants to protect those rights.
a. crime control
b. rights-based
c. due process model
d. public control
Q:
The major problem with the utilitarian approach to law enforcement is that:
a. we can"t know what the ultimate outcome of our actions will be.
b. it is more expensive than other approaches
c. some people refuse to be helped
d. there is disagreement on how best to train officers on the approach
Q:
According to the text, ___________________ is the ethical justification for all the counter-terrorism measures discussed in the text.
a. retribution
b. utilitarianism
c. distributive justice
d. libertarianism
Q:
The concept of a "torture warrant" is most closely associated with the work of:
a. Jethro Eisenstein
b. George McCready
c. Alan Dershowitz
d. Hugo Grotius
Q:
The argument by some that there must be secrecy concerning interrogation tactics so they can be more effective is referred to as the:
a. "doctrine of necessity"
b. "doctrine of the weak"
c. "doctrine of the insurgents"
d. "doctrine of tolerance"
Q:
Which of the following statements about those tortured in Abu Ghraib is false?
a. As far as can be determined, many were not insurgents.
b. Some had stolen from military supply trucks or engaged in civilian crimes.
c. Some had been captured after "tips" that they were involved.
d. The abuses that occurred in Abu Ghraib were made public by a journalist working undercover.
Q:
"Waterboarding" is also known as:
a. "water interrogation"
b. the "water cure"
c. the "aquatic interrogation"
d. "aquatic policing"
Q:
The rights-based approach would be consistent with recognizing human rights, and the crime control approach would be consistent with:
a. noble cause corruption
b. expansion of governmental powers
c. reduction of civil liberties
d. all of these are correct
Q:
In _________________________ the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Detainee Treatment Act with the provision of some form of appeal over the "enemy combatant" status was not a substitute for habeas corpus rights.
a. Boumediene v. Bush
b. Rasul v. Bush
c. Clark v. Martinez
d. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
Q:
In __________________________ the U.S. Supreme Court held that the "military commissions" were outside the President's power to create and were, therefore, invalid.
a. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
b. Rasul v. Bush
c. Clark v. Martinez
d. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
Q:
In __________________________ the U.S. Supreme Court held that the government may not indefinitely detain even illegal immigrants without some due process.
a. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
b. Rasul v. Bush
c. Clark v. Martinez
d. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
Q:
In __________________________ the U.S. Supreme Court held that detainees in Guantanamo could challenge their detention in U.S. federal courts.
a. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
b. Rasul v. Bush
c. Clark v. Martinez
d. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
Q:
Bagram prison is in:
a. Iraq
b. Afghanistan
c. Iran
d. Cuba
Q:
Renditions are:
a. Interrogations
b. Extraditions
c. Kidnappings
d. treaty agreements
Q:
The case that dealt with a U.S. citizen held without due process protections as an enemy combatant was:
a. Clark v. Martinez
b. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
c. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
d. Moussaki v. Bush
Q:
The Protect America Act was passed in 2007, allowing the government:a. to interrogate anyone without counsel present anyone suspected of being linked to a terrorist groupb. to wiretap, without a warrant, anyone suspected of being linked to a terrorist groupc. to detain indefinitely anyone suspected of being linked to a terrorist groupd. to arrest anyone suspected of being linked to a terrorist group
Q:
"National security letters" are letters issued by the _____________ to access private information without a warrant.
a. CIA
b. FBI
c. NCIS
d. NSA
Q:
Which of the following statements about the Patriot Act is false?
a. The Patriot Act required all individuals on visas report to immigration offices
b. The Patriot Act included provisions that allowed federal agents to "sneak and peek"
c. The Patriot Act included provisions that allowed federal agents to utilize national security letters to circumvent warrant requirements
d. That Patriot Act has remained unchanged since it was passed
Q:
A secret court that consisted of seven federal district court judges appointed by the Supreme Court's Chief Justice was created by the passing of the ______________ Act in 1978.a. Patriotb. Protect Americac. Foreign Intelligence Surveillanced. National Security
Q:
The principle of double effect:
a. justifies a means that results in an unintended negative
b. justifies a negative means
c. justifies a negative end for a good means
d. justifies a means that results in a good end
Q:
The deliberate, negligent, or reckless use of force against noncombatants, by state or non-state actors for ideological ends and in the absence of a substantively just legal process is called:
a. war
b. civil unrest
c. terrorism
d. self-defense
Q:
The "just war" arguments are primarily based on:
a. ethical formalism
b. natural law
c. ethics of virtue
d. ethics of necessity
Q:
List and briefly describe at least three of the programs that are included within the rubric of restorative justice.
Q:
What are some possible positive outcomes of adopting restorative justice programs?
Q:
List and briefly describe an alternative approach to misconduct and corruption that is not based upon punishment.
Q:
Describe and discuss restorative justice and its potential role in dealing with misconduct and corruption in corrections.
Q:
Discuss the negative outcomes that have resulted from having male correctional officers guarding female inmates and female correctional officers guarding male inmates.
Q:
List and discuss some management practices that have been found to contribute to an ethical workplace.
Q:
What are the implications of Zimbardo's prison experiment concerning the potential behavior of correctional officers?
Q:
Explain how Abu Ghraib can provide us with lessons for managing the ethical prison.
Q:
List and discuss the three types of prisoner abuse that Bomse identified.
Q:
List and briefly discuss/describe at least two of the explanations given by McCarthy and Souryal for the misconduct of correctional officers.
Q:
Making decisions by examining a problem with both one's head and one's heart is known as _________________.
Q:
Although designed to run much longer, Zimbardo's prison experiment had to be shut down after only _____ days due to the behavior of the participants.
Q:
The book Marie by Peter Maas was about a Tennessee scheme involving the sale of _________________ to convicts.
Q:
An FBI operation known as Operation _________________ resulted in indictments against correctional officers who smuggled cocaine into prisons.
Q:
In some states, consensual sex between a correctional officer and an inmate is a felony because inmates are presumed not able to give ______________.
Q:
Restorative justice programs have the potential to decrease ______________ and misconduct for correctional professionals.
Q:
Peacemaking corrections may be considered a _____________ model of justice because the focus is not on retribution but rather on needs.
Q:
The United States, which accounts for five percent of the world population, holds _________percent of the world's prisoners.
Q:
The prison experiment conducted by Philip Zimbardo took place on the campus of _______________ University.
Q:
A type of sexual harassment where sexual innuendos or joking makes the workplace so uncomfortable that the employee perceives it as harmful is referred to as ________________________.
Q:
The Commission on Safety and Abuse in America found that U.S. prisons suffer from a culture of _________________ and a lack of positive treatment goals.