Q&A Hero

Q: What stage of the police selection process screens out the most candidates? a. written entrance exam b. background investigation c. polygraph d. oral interview

Q: Explain the conflicting demands for more effective law enforcement and individual privacy rights relevant to electronic surveillance.

Q: What stage of the police selection process receives the most litigation? a. background examination b. written entrance exam c. physical agility test d. medical exam

Q: What is meant by sealing/putting under seal and why this is done?

Q: Briefly describe what the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) is and does.

Q: What percentage of the United States law enforcement agencies has vacancies according to your text? a. 60% b. 80% c. 40% d. 35%

Q: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, approximately _____ of police departments require some type of college requirement. a. 15% b. 17% c. 50% d. 80%

Q: Compare and contrast an interception order under Title III of the Wiretap Act and an ordinary search warrant.

Q: Outline the two stage process used for most searches of electronically stored information.

Q: If a competent job analysis is done, tests in the police screening process are considered to be: a. occupationally related b. race/gender neutral c. discriminate d. job related

Q: What police department has served as the model for field training programs since the 1970s? a. San Jose, California b. Reno, Nevada c. Dallas, Texas d. Chicago, Illinois

Q: List a minimum of three forms of wiretaps. Describe each.

Q: What impact has "cloud" technology had upon law enforcement in terms of electronic surveillance? Explain your reasoning.

Q: According to your text, a challenge to recruiting qualified police offers is: a. increased educational requirements b. armed forces deployments c. baby boomers are retiring at a fast rate d. all are challenges to recruiting

Q: Briefly describe how the Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Acts of 1968 originated.

Q: Title III of the Wiretap Act provides authority for designated officials to intercept wire, oral, or electronic communications without a prior interception order if an emergency situation exists that involves immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to any person. This is referred to as the __________.

Q: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), _____ of local police departments provide college tuition reimbursementto their officers. a. 6% b. 35% c. 76% d. 87%

Q: Most small cities in the United States have their own police academies.

Q: A credit check is not often used in the police selection process.

Q: Congress created a special Article III court to review FISA applications called the __________.

Q: The use of the polygraph was severely limited by the Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA), signed into law in June 1988.

Q: The case of Dalia v. United States ruled that a judicial order to place an eavesdropping device by law enforcement in a business or residence need not have a separate order specifically authorizing the __________ entry to install the device.

Q: The background investigation for most police department's usually only looks back five years into the applicant's life and history.

Q: A(n) ___________ is defined as ""¦a transfer containing the human voice at any point between and including the point of origin and the point of reception."

Q: Most police departments will reject a candidate for employment with a felony conviction, but a misdemeanor conviction does not necessarily prohibit a person from employment.

Q: Dropbox, SkyDrive and SugarSync are companies that offer remote computing services, where one can digitally store their information "in the __________ ."

Q: A vast majority of police agencies require a bachelor's degree as a minimum educational requirement.

Q: Searches conducted using wiretaps, bugs, or other devices to overhear conversations or obtain other kinds of information are collectively referred to as __________ surveillance.

Q: Computer __________ uses the scientific methods for the preservation, collection, and analysis of digital sources of information.

Q: Most police agencies require vision that is correctable to 20/20.

Q: Courts typically do not support minimum height and weight requirements for police officers but do support the need for maximum weight standards or a weight-to-height proportion ratio.

Q: The __________ provides that any person may intercept an electronic communication made through a system that is configured so that the communication is readily accessible to the general public.

Q: The __________ allows a communications service provider to intercept and disclose communications to protect the rights or property of the provider as part of the ordinary course of business.

Q: Oral interview boards are used to examine a candidate's characteristics that might be otherwise difficult to assess, including poise, presence, and communication skills.

Q: All police departments have the same hiring standards that have to be met by applicants.

Q: When one party to a communication consents to the interception of the communication, neither Title III of the Wiretap Act nor the Fourth Amendment prevents the use of the communication in court against another party to the communication. This is called __________.

Q: According to the text, a vast majority of police departments administer polygraph examinations to candidates for the police officer position.

Q: Title III of the Wiretap Act does not cover video surveillance using video cameras that record only images and not aural communications. a. True b. False

Q: The first use of the polygraph was by the New York City Police Department in the late 1970s.

Q: Title III of the Wiretap Act applies to the use of electronic devices emitting signals that enable law enforcement officials to track the location of objects and persons. a. True b. False

Q: Word-of-mouth advertising by family members and friends is a common way people receive information about jobs in policing and criminal justice.

Q: The police selection process is relatively simple and enables a candidate to become hired as a police officer within several months after taking the entrance examination.

Q: If a conversation takes place in public where other parties can overhear the conversation, there is no reasonable expectation of privacy. However, any recording of such a conversation would violate Title III of the Wiretap Act. a. True b. False

Q: Title III of the Wiretap Act applies to private searches and seizures of wire, oral, or electronic communications. a. True b. False

Q: An organization similar to the military along structures of strict authority and reporting relations is called _________________.

Q: A(n) ______________ is a deliberate arrangement of people doing specific jobs, following particular procedures to accomplish a set of goals determined by some authority.

Q: The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act does not require a showing of probable cause to believe that a crime has been or is being committed. a. True b. False

Q: Searches and seizures concerning foreign intelligence and antiterrorism efforts are authorized and regulated by the Foreign Intelligence and Racketeering Act (FIRA). a. True b. False

Q: An influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes is called __________________.

Q: ___________ is the process of running an organization so that the organization can accomplish its goals.

Q: Although e-mail has replaced telephone communication in many spheres, it is not considered a "˜wire communication" for purposes of Title III of the Wiretap Act. a. True b. False

Q: The Department of Justice cautions that limitations on search methodologies have the potential to seriously impair the government's ability to uncover electronic evidence. a. True b. False

Q: Informal job actions by officers in which they refuse to perform certain job functions is known as the _____________________.

Q: The U.S. police are a ____________________, as opposed to a military, organization.

Q: Many courts require the government to return seized computers and data storage equipment at a particular time as a condition of issuing the warrant. a. True b. False

Q: Many courts have upheld requirements that forensic analysis of the computers had to be conducted within 90 days of the physical search. a. True b. False

Q: The ability and opportunity to transfer from one police department to another is called ____________________.

Q: Before the enactment of the _____, interception orders for wire communications in computer hacking investigations were not permitted. a. Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 b. FISA c. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 d. USA PATRIOT Act

Q: Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is often referred to as the _____. a. Digital Act b. Wiretap Act c. Electronics Act d. Surveillance Act

Q: The process of removing sworn officers from non-critical or non-enforcement tasks and replacing them with civilians or non-sworn employees is called ____________________.

Q: The first-line supervisor in the police chain of command is the ____________________.

Q: Who determines the composition of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC)? a. the Associate Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court. b. the Speaker of the House. c. the Attorney General of the U.S. d. the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Q: The ____________________created a civil service system for federal employees in 1883.

Q: Prior to the passing of Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, the United States Government utilized a "national security exception" to conduct warrantless electronic surveillance of foreign powers. In 1978, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) was passed as a result of the _____. a. Watergate scandal b. abuses of the Vietnam war c. Iranian Hostage Crisis d. violent acts by student groups

Q: The head of the police agency is usually termed the ___________________.

Q: The concept that each individual in an organization is directly accountable to only one supervisor is called ____________________.

Q: Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 specifically exempts _____ from the warrant requirement. a. buildings b. cell phones c. tone-only pagers d. answering machines

Q: Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 does not apply to the use of electronic devices emitting signals that enable law enforcement officials to track the location of objects and persons. Why? a. Title III only covers incidental interception of communication. b. By their very nature, the devices are mobile and this not covered. c. These devices are incapable of transmitting speech. d. The devices were not in existence in 1968.

Q: The number of officers or subordinates that a supervisor can supervise effectively is called the ____________________.

Q: Another name for chain of command is ____________________.

Q: When law enforcement officers intercept communications that relate to offenses other than those specified in the interception order, the government may use the evidence of these other crimes only if _____. a. the evidence was observed in plain view b. the evidence could have been discovered through an independent source c. another application is made to a court "as soon as practicable" for a determination that the interception complied with Title III requirements d. the evidence is testimonial in nature

Q: What is the difference between a pen register and a trap-and-trace device? a. A pen register records incoming addressing information (such as caller ID information); whereas a trap-and-trace device records outgoing addressing information (such as numbers dialed from a phone). b. A pen register records outgoing addressing information (such as numbers dialed from a phone); whereas a trap-and-trace device records incoming addressing information (such as caller ID information). c. A pen register intercepts communication; whereas a trap-and-trace device does not intercept communication. d. A pen register does not intercept communication; whereas a trap-and-trace device intercepts communication.

Q: The concept of dividing the tasks of an organization according to personnel, area, time, and function or process is called ____________________.

Q: Who are considered the backbone of police services? a. detectives b. patrol officers c. training officers d. community service officers

Q: Under the _____ exception, victims of computer attacks by hackers can authorize law enforcement officials to intercept wire or electronic communications of a computer trespasser, if specific statutory requirements are satisfied. a. computer trespasser b. provider c. public access d. exceptional privilege

Q: Informal job actions by officers in which they refuse to perform certain job functions in an attempt to win labor concessions from their employers is called _____. a. blue flu b. sit-out c. blackout d. blue-out

Q: Under the _____ exception, an employee or agent of a communications service entity may intercept and disclose communications to protect the rights or property of the provider as part of the ordinary course of business. a. computer trespasser b. public access c. provider d. exigent circumstances

Q: _____ is defined as an organization model marked by hierarchy and promotion on professional merit and skill. a. Keynesian b. Bureaucracy c. Privatization d. Monetarism

Q: When one party to a communication consents to the interception of the communication, _____. a. Title III of the Wiretap Act prevents the use of the communication in court against another party, but the Fourth Amendment allows use of the communication b. the Fourth Amendment prevents the use of the communication in court against another party, but Title III of the Wiretap Act allows use of the communication in court against another party c. both the Fourth Amendment and Title III of the Wiretap Act prevent use of the communication in court against another party d. neither Title III of the Wiretap Act nor the Fourth Amendment prevents the use of the communication in court against another party

Q: Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 refers to a "person who was a party to any intercepted" wire or oral communication or "a person against whom the interception was directed" as _____. a. suspect b. aggrieved c. felonious d. victimized