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Q:
The USA Patriot Act has broadened the government's power to detain individuals within the United States for long periods of time on apparently nothing more than reasonable suspicion once such persons have been classified by the U.S. government as an enemy combatant.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Generally, the citizen oversight boards established to review allegations of brutality by police officers have no power to discipline offending officers.
Q:
Police officers who are assigned to internal affairs divisions are highly respected by other police officers in a department.
Q:
____________________ means that employers must take active steps to ensure equal employment opportunity and to redress past discrimination.
Q:
A law enforcement officer's authority to frisk is limited and narrowly drawn.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Police corruption and police brutality are the most serious forms of police deviance.
Q:
A major concept behind the affirmative action movement, and possibly the most disturbing concept to many, is the establishment of ____________________.
Q:
According to your text, the first challenge that a minority must face in the law enforcement workplace is ___________.
Q:
An investigative detention may last as long as the officer feels necessary.
a. True
b. False
Q:
If a certain examination results in the vast majority of females failing that test while the vast majority of males passed it, that exam can be said to have had a(n) ____________________ on females.
Q:
An anonymous tip that a particular person at a particular location is dealing drugs is not, without more information, sufficient to justify law enforcement officers in stopping and frisking that person.
a. True
b. False
Q:
____________________ means that employers must take active steps to ensure equal employment opportunity and to redress past discrimination.
Q:
According to your text, the first challenge that a minority must face in the law enforcement workplace is ___________.
Q:
The police may conduct a checkpoint for general law enforcement purposes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The United State Supreme Court has ruled that an officer may rely on their own experience and specialized training to establish reasonable suspicion that might not be available to an untrained person.
a. True
b. False
Q:
If a certain examination results in the vast majority of females failing that test while the vast majority of males passed it, that exam can be said to have had a(n) ____________________ on females.
Q:
____________________ is the indirect result of policies or practices that are not intended to discriminate but do, in fact, discriminate.
Q:
____________________ is the indirect result of policies or practices that are not intended to discriminate but do, in fact, discriminate.
Q:
If a show of authority by a law enforcement officer does not result in a halting or submission by the person being confronted, it is still considered a seizure under the Fourth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An officer who observes a blown taillight, cracked windshield, or failure to signal when changing lanes may stop a vehicle even if a hypothetical "reasonable officer" would not have been motivated by a desire to enforce the traffic laws.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The first important job discrimination case was ____________________.
Q:
The first important job discrimination case was ____________________.
Q:
The Fourth Amendment does not govern seizures of the person which do not eventuate in a trip to the station house and a formal arrest at the station house.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The ____________________ extended the 1964 Civil Rights Act and made its provisions applicable to state and local governments.
Q:
The ____________________ extended the 1964 Civil Rights Act and made its provisions applicable to state and local governments.
Q:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited all job discrimination based on race, color, ____________________, gender, and national origin.
Q:
As the delay between the development of reasonable suspicion on the part of the officer and the actual stop grows longer, courts may find that the suspicion has "evaporated."
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited all job discrimination based on race, color, ____________________, gender, and national origin.
Q:
The primary instrument governing employment equality, as well as all equality, in U.S. society is the ____________________ Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Q:
The primary instrument governing employment equality, as well as all equality, in U.S. society is the ____________________ Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Q:
An officer stops a person travelling in their car based on reasonable suspicion. The officer requests that the person step out of the vehicle and the person complies. The officer immediately notices a tattoo on the arm of the person that is common among members of a particular gang in the area known to engage in violence toward officers, thus giving the officer reasonable suspicion to believe the person may be armed. The officer has not secured the person. At this point the officer is legally permitted to:
a. frisk the person, but cannot search any part of the vehicle.
b. frisk the person and search the entire car for weapons.
c. frisk the person and search any part of the passenger compartment where a weapon could be kept.
d. frisk the person and search any part of the passenger compartment or locked trunk where a weapon could be kept.
Q:
The simultaneous expectation by white officers that African American officers will give members of their own race better treatment and receive hostility from the African American community because they are perceived as traitors to their race is known as ____________________.
Q:
Which of the following most accurately describes a police initiated action that relies solely on the race, ethnicity, or national origin of a person and not his or her behavior?
a. pretextual stop
b. racial profiling
c. bias-based traffic control
d. authoritative pretext
Q:
The simultaneous expectation by white officers that African American officers will give members of their own race better treatment and receive hostility from the African American community because they are perceived as traitors to their race is known as ____________________.
Q:
In the early days of female policing, women were normally used in only three actual police-related jobs: juvenile work, guarding female prisoners, and ____________________ crimes.
Q:
In the early days of female policing, women were normally used in only three actual police-related jobs: juvenile work, guarding female prisoners, and ____________________ crimes.
Q:
When a court must consider whether a particular seizure or frisk is reasonable or unreasonable, the court considers the inquiry from which perspective?
a. the citizen involved.
b. the reasonable person.
c. the average officer.
d. the individual officer involved.
Q:
____________________ is the unequal treatment of persons in personnel decisions (hiring, promotion, and firing) on the basis of their race, religion, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation.
Q:
____________________ is the unequal treatment of persons in personnel decisions (hiring, promotion, and firing) on the basis of their race, religion, national origin, gender, or sexual orientation.
Q:
Officer Brewer stops a vehicle because it does not have brake lights. However, he is using this reason for a traffic stop because he believes the subjects in the vehicle may be involved in illegal activity involving drugs and wants to check them out. Which of the following most accurately describes this scenario?
a. illegal stop
b. Terry stop
c. pretextual stop
d. procedural stop
Q:
All are challenges that African Americans face in the workplace except:
a. tokenism
b. equal pay
c. acceptance
d. harassment
Q:
In the case of United States v. Place, the courts ruled that seizure of a suspect's luggage suspected of containing drugs for approximately _____ in order to transport the luggage to another airport for a canine sniff was excessive.
a. one hour
b. ninety minutes
c. four hours
d. eight hours
Q:
All are challenges that African Americans face in the workplace except:
a. tokenism
b. equal pay
c. acceptance
d. harassment
Q:
An officer observes an individual leaving a place the officer believes to be a drug house. As the officer approaches, the man makes furtive gestures, reacts nervously, and changes course quickly before the officer yells out for the man to stop. The man stops. The man is carrying a locked case. Given this scenario, select the true statement.
a. The officer is justified to immediately pry open the case and search it.
b. The officer is justified to temporarily detain the man and case and have the case sniffed by a drug canine.
c. The officer cannot temporarily detain the person, but is justified in detaining the case.
d. The officer has probable cause and is justified to place the man under arrest.
Q:
The simultaneous expectation by white officers that African American officers will give members of their own race better treatment, but that African American officers will also receive hostility from the African American community because they are perceived as traitors to their race is known as:
a. double marginality
b. de facto discrimination
c. adverse impact
d. reverse discrimination
Q:
The simultaneous expectation by white officers that African American officers will give members of their own race better treatment, but that African American officers will also receive hostility from the African American community because they are perceived as traitors to their race is known as:
a. double marginality
b. de facto discrimination
c. adverse impact
d. reverse discrimination
Q:
Based on the totality of circumstances, which of the following factors is not generally considered in an inquiry determining whether or not a "seizure" has occurred?
a. whether the officer displayed a weapon
b. the number of officers involved
c. whether the officer involved was undercover or in uniform
d. the language used and the tone of voice of the officer during the interaction
Q:
Until the 1970s, why was it presumed that women were not capable of performing the same type of patrol duty as men?
a. because of their gender and size
b. because they could not testify in court
c. because they were not good drivers
d. because they would side with women in domestic disputes
Q:
Until the 1970s, why was it presumed that women were not capable of performing the same type of patrol duty as men?
a. because of their gender and size
b. because they could not testify in court
c. because they were not good drivers
d. because they would side with women in domestic disputes
Q:
Relying on the plain view doctrine, the Minnesota v. Dickerson ruling stated that officers could seize non-threatening contraband, such as drugs, if its identity as contraband is immediately apparent to the sense of touch. What is this exception more commonly known as?
a. reasonable grasp motion.
b. plain touch exception.
c. plain view doctrine.
d. one-motion grasp exception.
Q:
_____ of sworn personnel in local police departments are Hispanic.
a. 19.5%
b. 22.7%
c. 10.3%
d. l.8%
Q:
_____ of sworn personnel in local police departments are Hispanic.
a. 19.5%
b. 22.7%
c. 10.3%
d. l.8%
Q:
_____ of sworn personnel in local police departments are women.
a. 11.9%
b. 15.3%
c. 3.9%
d. 21.2%
Q:
During the initial stages of a frisk, an officer feels a soft object about the size of a quarter in the suspect's coat pocket. Realizing that it is not a weapon and unable to conclude that the item is contraband, courts have ruled that without further probable cause the officer should:
a. proceed on with the search.
b. call for a narcotics officer and get his expertise.
c. cease and desist with the search once he realizes that it is not a weapon.
d. use the feel of the item as probable cause to obtain a warrant.
Q:
_____ of sworn personnel in local police departments are women.
a. 11.9%
b. 15.3%
c. 3.9%
d. 21.2%
Q:
The initial stages of a frisk must be limited to _____.
a. the existence of probable cause.
b. a pat-down of the outer clothing.
c. a search of pockets or other "˜holding" devices.
d. nothing except for a strip search.
Q:
_____ of sworn personnel in local police departments are African American.
a. 11.9%
b. 20.7%
c. 5.2%
d. 18.9%
Q:
_____ of sworn personnel in local police departments are African American.
a. 11.9%
b. 20.7%
c. 5.2%
d. 18.9%
Q:
Before conducting a frisk, an officer must believe which of the following to be true?
a. he is dealing with an armed and dangerous individual
b. he must visibly see a weapon present
c. he must possess probable cause to proceed on with the search
d. he believes the suspect is guilty of traffic violations
Q:
The academic studies of women on patrol indicate that:
a. women can perform patrol duties as well as men can
b. women perform in a less satisfactory manner than men on patrol
c. women perform as well as men on patrol but only when teamed with a male partner
d. the majority of women do not want to work patrol
Q:
The academic studies of women on patrol indicate that:
a. women can perform patrol duties as well as men can
b. women perform in a less satisfactory manner than men on patrol
c. women perform as well as men on patrol but only when teamed with a male partner
d. the majority of women do not want to work patrol
Q:
All are issues women face in the law enforcement workplace except:
a. pregnancy
b. dating
c. family issues
d. drug use
Q:
All are issues women face in the law enforcement workplace except:
a. pregnancy
b. dating
c. family issues
d. drug use
Q:
Which of the following most accurately describes a limited search of a person's body consisting of a careful exploration or pat-down of the outer surfaces of the person's clothing in an attempt to discover weapons?
a. pat-down
b. frisk
c. body search
d. strip search
Q:
The concept that employers must take active steps to ensure equal employment opportunity and to redress past discrimination is called:
a. reverse discrimination
b. adverse impact
c. affirmative action
d. de facto opportunity
Q:
The concept that employers must take active steps to ensure equal employment opportunity and to redress past discrimination is called:
a. reverse discrimination
b. adverse impact
c. affirmative action
d. de facto opportunity
Q:
United States v. Seelye listed six factors and circumstances to be considered in determining the amount and kind of force that is reasonable and consistent with an investigative stop. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?
a. number of officers and police cars involved
b. nature of the crime and whether there is reason to believe that the suspect is armed
c. need for immediate action by the officer
d. the training and experience level of the officer(s) involved
Q:
The Supreme Court case that established the concept that hiring requirements must be job-related was:
a. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
b. Brown v. Mississippi
c. Griggs v. Duke Power Company
d. U.S. v. Paradise
Q:
The case that established the foundation for stop and frisk is:
a. Terry v. Ohio
b. United States v. Dortch
c. United States v. Sharpe
d. United States v. Place
Q:
The Supreme Court case that established the concept that hiring requirements must be job-related was:
a. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
b. Brown v. Mississippi
c. Griggs v. Duke Power Company
d. U.S. v. Paradise
Q:
According to your text, which racial group despite efforts is poorly represented in law enforcement?
a. American Indian
b. Pacific Islander
c. Asian
d. Hispanics
Q:
According to your text, which racial group despite efforts is poorly represented in law enforcement?
a. American Indian
b. Pacific Islander
c. Asian
d. Hispanics
Q:
Many things can affect the reasonableness of a police initiated stop. According to the text and the most recent case law, usually a case that involves a stop of _____ is probably outside an acceptable time limit.
a. five to ten minutes
b. ten to fifteen minutes
c. twenty to twenty-five minutes
d. thirty to thirty-five minutes
Q:
Courts have consistently ruled that an investigative detention must be temporary and last no longer than _____.
a. thirty minutes.
b. sixty minutes.
c. necessary to effectuate the purpose of the stop.
d. necessary for the officer to determine whether a felony has been committed.
Q:
The most prevalent form of discrimination has been:
a. separate job titles
b. disparate recruiting
c. de facto discrimination
d. standard discrimination
Q:
The most prevalent form of discrimination has been:
a. separate job titles
b. disparate recruiting
c. de facto discrimination
d. standard discrimination
Q:
In 1910, the nation's first "officially designated" policewoman was:
a. Alice Stebbins Wells
b. Nora Jean Wilson
c. Hazel L. Davis
d. Ruth Smith
Q:
_____ is a less demanding standard than _____.
a. Reasonable suspicion; probable cause
b. Probable cause; reasonable suspicion
c. Factual belief; probable cause
d. Prudent oversight; reasonable suspicion
Q:
In 1910, the nation's first "officially designated" policewoman was:
a. Alice Stebbins Wells
b. Nora Jean Wilson
c. Hazel L. Davis
d. Ruth Smith
Q:
In 1910, _____ appointed the nation's first "officially designated" policewoman.
a. Dallas
b. New York
c. Los Angeles
d. Chicago