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Criminal Law
Q:
Officers knock on an apartment door looking for a male suspect. A female opens the door and the officers learn from her that the suspect is not present and that she is his live-in girlfriend. The officers want valid consent to search. What legal options do the officers' have?
a. they must wait till the suspect returns and ask him.
b. they may obtain consent from the girl only if she pays at least part of the rent.
c. they may, without further inquiry, obtain consent from the girl.
d. they may ask the apartment manager.
Q:
The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are _____.
a. detective operations
b. public appearances by the police chief
c. patrol
d. crime prevention
Q:
The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are _____.
a. detective operations
b. public appearances by the police chief
c. patrol
d. crime prevention
Q:
Officers knock on a door of an apartment being rented by a male suspect. A female opens the door and the officers ask her if the suspect is home. She says "Not right now," but the officers don"t believe her and want permission to enter and look for themselves. They have no warrant or other justification. What should the officer's do first?
a. ask her if she will consent to their search.
b. ask her if she lives there.
c. ask her to step out of the apartment, since there might be trouble.
d. ask her when he will return, since she can"t give permission.
Q:
Who is the only person able to give a valid consent to search?
a. the person who is being accused of the crime.
b. the person who owns the property to be searched.
c. the person whose privacy will be invaded.
d. the person whose property is involved.
Q:
Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff's departments and state patrols, utilize:
a. take-home car programs
b. personally owned vehicles (POVs)
c. fleet vehicles
d. pre-owned vehicles
Q:
Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff's departments and state patrols, utilize:
a. take-home car programs
b. personally owned vehicles (POVs)
c. fleet vehicles
d. pre-owned vehicles
Q:
Officers have stopped a motorist and recognize him from a previous drug arrest. They ask and he consents to a search of the car. Just as an officer is about to reach under the passenger seat the suspect says, "Stop. I"ve changed my mind. No more search." Given the circumstance, what legal course of action do the officers' have?
a. now have probable cause and may continue the search.
b. must stop the search and let the driver go but may impound the car.
c. may arrest the driver and justify the search under Belton.
d. must stop the search and not use the withdrawal of consent as an excuse to detain him further.
Q:
Most departments utilize:
a. take-home car programs
b. personally owned vehicles (POVs)
c. fleet vehicles
d. pre-owned vehicles
Q:
Most departments utilize:
a. take-home car programs
b. personally owned vehicles (POVs)
c. fleet vehicles
d. pre-owned vehicles
Q:
_____ is the most expensive part of a police department's budget.
a. Fuel cost
b. Equipment
c. Personnel
d. Liability insurance
Q:
_____ is the most expensive part of a police department's budget.
a. Fuel cost
b. Equipment
c. Personnel
d. Liability insurance
Q:
An officer responds to a domestic disturbance call at a residence where college students are throwing a party and is granted permission to enter and "walk around". Given the circumstance, select the true statement.
a. The officer may legally walk into rooms, open closet doors, open containers, and desk drawers.
b. The renter of the residence can have the officer stop walking around and leave at any point by stating "I don"t know if I should have agreed to allow this".
c. The renter of the residence can have the officer stop walking around and leave at any point by stating "I would like for you to leave now".
d. The officer may legally walk into rooms, open closet doors, open containers, and desk drawers, but may not enter the basement or attic areas to search.
Q:
An officer receives permission from the resident of an apartment to "walk around". This permission allows the officer to:
a. search anyone found on the premises.
b. search the home owner.
c. seize items in the plain view of the officer.
d. seize property owned by others but stored on the premises.
Q:
A _____ system allows non-emergency calls to be redirected or referred to other referral agencies or government agencies.
a. 311
b. 411
c. 511
d. 611
Q:
A _____ system allows non-emergency calls to be redirected or referred to other referral agencies or government agencies.
a. 311
b. 411
c. 511
d. 611
Q:
Academic studies regarding response time indicate that:
a. victims often delay calling the police after a crime or other incident occurs
b. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within 2 minutes of the call
c. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within 5 minutes of the call
d. rapid response is most important in discovery crimes
Q:
Academic studies regarding response time indicate that:
a. victims often delay calling the police after a crime or other incident occurs
b. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within 2 minutes of the call
c. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within 5 minutes of the call
d. rapid response is most important in discovery crimes
Q:
Which of the following suspects, who have given consent, would have the greatest difficulty in establishing that his consent was involuntary?
a. A 16 year old who has dropped out of school
b. A high school dropout who was intoxicated at the time of the consent
c. An injured driver who was medicated in the emergency room at the time of the consent
d. A college student who has taken a course in the law of criminal procedure.
Q:
The officer tells a driver, stopped for a lawful traffic violation, that if he wants to he can attempt to repair a brake light to avoid a ticket. The driver opens the trunk and attempts a quick repair but in so doing exposes an illegal weapon in the trunk. The officer seizes the weapon and arrests the driver. At the suppression hearing, how is the court likely to "˜hold" the search?
a. invalid because the driver failed to give affirmative consent to opening the trunk.
b. invalid because the officer failed to warn the driver that he did not have to open the trunk.
c. valid because the driver's actions indicate voluntariness.
d. valid because the driver was not under arrest.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time?
a. time between the crime and the call to the police
b. time required for the police to process the call
c. travel time from receipt of the call by the patrol car to arrival at the scene
d. time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time?
a. time between the crime and the call to the police
b. time required for the police to process the call
c. travel time from receipt of the call by the patrol car to arrival at the scene
d. time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene
Q:
Which is not a special operations unit according to your text?
a. SWAT
b. K-9
c. Emergency Service Units
d. Traffic
Q:
Which is not a special operations unit according to your text?
a. SWAT
b. K-9
c. Emergency Service Units
d. Traffic
Q:
The Kansas City Study indicated that adding or removing police random routine patrol:
a. caused crime to increase
b. caused crime to decrease
c. had no effect on crime
d. eliminated crime altogether
Q:
The Kansas City Study indicated that adding or removing police random routine patrol:
a. caused crime to increase
b. caused crime to decrease
c. had no effect on crime
d. eliminated crime altogether
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
a. In some situations consent obtained through threat of force may be deemed voluntarily given.
b. Police do not need to first tell a person that they are "free to go" before a consent can be deemed voluntarily given.
c. Voluntary consent to search must be given orally.
d. Voluntariness of consent is not affected by the physical, mental, or emotional condition and the intelligence or educational level of the person giving consent.
Q:
The rule of law from Schneckloth v. Bustamonte (1973) is that knowledge of the right to refuse consent is _________.
a. essential to voluntary consent to search.
b. the most important factor in voluntariness of consent.
c. only one factor in voluntariness of consent.
d. unimportant in voluntariness of consent.
Q:
The Kansas City Study occurred in the _____.
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1950s
Q:
It has commonly been believed in police administration that random routine patrol creates a sense of:
a. semipresence
b. omnipresence
c. nonpresence
d. none of the above
Q:
The Kansas City Study occurred in the _____.
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1950s
Q:
It has commonly been believed in police administration that random routine patrol creates a sense of:
a. semipresence
b. omnipresence
c. nonpresence
d. none of the above
Q:
An officer is granted authority by the occupant to search an apartment unit. The occupant informed the officer that she doesn"t own certain boxes and luggage lined up against the wall. Given the circumstance, select the true statement.
a. The police cannot search the boxes or luggage because they are not considered part of the residence.
b. The police are free to search anything in the apartment because consent to a general search cannot be rescinded.
c. The police cannot search the luggage or boxes because there has been an implied limitation placed on the scope of the consensual search.
d. The police can search the luggage or boxes because the occupant didn"t explicitly inform the police that (s)he was placing a limitation on the scope of the search.
Q:
The police respond to a disorderly conduct call. Upon arriving at the residence, the owner invited the police into the residence. Given the circumstance, select the true statement.
a. The officer(s) is/are free to enter the residence, but cannot search or seize items under any circumstances.
b. The officer(s) is/are free to enter the residence and can seize items in plain view, but cannot search for items.
c. The officer(s) cannot enter the residence.
d. The officer(s) can enter the residence and can search the room they enter into, but no other rooms in the house.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the three traditional ways we do police work in the United States?
a. retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
b. routine random patrol
c. proactive investigations
d. rapid response to calls by citizens to 911
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the three traditional ways we do police work in the United States?
a. retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
b. routine random patrol
c. proactive investigations
d. rapid response to calls by citizens to 911
Q:
Only large departments employ K-9 units due to the high cost that is associated with the purchase, training, and upkeep of the animal.
Q:
A suspect has been injured while resisting arrest. Select the best strategy below for officers to obtain a valid consent from the suspect?
a. Give him Miranda warnings.
b. Remove any restraints.
c. Just ask him, since the injuries were his fault and they have no bearing.
d. Advise him he does not have to consent.
Q:
Only large departments employ K-9 units due to the high cost that is associated with the purchase, training, and upkeep of the animal.
Q:
The traffic enforcement function in policing always ranks high as an area of concern among the public.
Q:
To establish that consent was valid, the prosecutor must show
a. only that the consenter had authority.
b. that the consenter had authority and gave consent voluntarily.
c. that the consenter had authority, gave consent voluntarily, and was informed by police of his right to refuse consent.
d. that probable cause existed regardless of the consent.
Q:
A common method of transportation used by police officers in many different jurisdictions around the country is the bike patrol.
Q:
When is consent will generally be held to be involuntary?
a. the consenter is the subject of an investigative stop.
b. the consenter is under arrest.
c. the consenter is the subject of an illegal arrest.
d. the consenter is the subject of a full search.
Q:
The traffic enforcement function in policing always ranks high as an area of concern among the public.
Q:
Officers arrested Wright for robbery and took him to the police station, but Wright refused to discuss the robbery. The next day, without a search warrant, an undercover officer went to his house and falsely introduced himself to Wright's wife as her husband's accomplice in the robbery and told her that he was there to collect his share. The woman admitted the officer and went into the bedroom where she retrieved half the money and gave it to the officer. How should the Court "˜hold" the money?
a. the money is inadmissible because her consent was based on police deception.
b. the money is inadmissible because the wife lacks authority to consent for her husband.
c. the money is admissible because the wife's consent is voluntary.
d. the money is admissible because the police had probable cause to enter even without the consent of the wife.
Q:
A common method of transportation used by police officers in many different jurisdictions around the country is the bike patrol.
Q:
Most police patrol today is performed by uniformed officers in radio-equipped patrol cars or on foot.
Q:
Officers arrested Wright for robbery and took him to the police station, but Wright refused to discuss the robbery. The next day, officers, without a search warrant, went to Wright's residence where they falsely told Wright's wife that he had admitted the crime and had sent police for the "stuff." The frightened and upset woman admitted the officers to the apartment and led them to money taken in the robbery. How should the Court "˜hold" the money?
a. admissible because the wife voluntarily consented.
b. admissible because the wife is a witness.
c. inadmissible because the wife lacked authority to consent.
d. inadmissible because the wife's consent is deemed involuntary.
Q:
Most police patrol today is performed by uniformed officers in radio-equipped patrol cars or on foot.
Q:
The results of the effectiveness of saturation patrol are mixed, according to studies conducted over the years.
Q:
The results of the effectiveness of saturation patrol are mixed, according to studies conducted over the years.
Q:
Police officers may use potentially deadly force (ramming a vehicle, for example) to end a high-speed chase of a suspect whose actions risk the safety of other drivers and pedestrians.
Q:
Police officers may use potentially deadly force (ramming a vehicle, for example) to end a high-speed chase of a suspect whose actions risk the safety of other drivers and pedestrians.
Q:
Officers appear at a suspect's home (without a warrant) where the suspect's mother is the only resident present. The police officers ask if she will let them search the house for stolen property. She asks if she has to allow it and the officers answer in the affirmative. She consents. Select the appropriate description of the search.
a. valid because she voluntarily consented.
b. valid because she could have gotten a lawyer.
c. invalid because the consent is deemed involuntary.
d. invalid because the mother lacks authority to consent.
Q:
According to research, red light cameras that target traffic violators seem to have no effect on the occurrence of traffic violations at that location.
Q:
What test do courts use to determine voluntariness?
a. prima facie
b. Gates
c. totality of circumstances
d. good faith
Q:
According to research, red light cameras that target traffic violators seem to have no effect on the occurrence of traffic violations at that location.
Q:
Typically, larger urban departments such as New York, Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles have deployed two-officer cars, and most suburban and rural departments prefer one-officer cars.
Q:
Typically, larger urban departments such as New York, Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles have deployed two-officer cars, and most suburban and rural departments prefer one-officer cars.
Q:
A police officer asks a woman who answered her door, "do you keep any weapons in the house?" The woman replied, "yes" and proceeded to bring the weapons to the officer. The weapons were illegal and the officer used the weapons as the basis for an arrest. Select the most accurate statement describing this incident.
a. there was no search or seizure, therefore the evidence is admissible in court.
b. there was no search or seizure, therefore the evidence is inadmissible in court.
c. this is a seizure, but not a search and the evidence is admissible in court.
d. the evidence will be inadmissible because there was no consent to search.
Q:
When the prosecuting attorney attempts to introduce evidence obtained as a result of a consent to search into court evidence, which of the following does the court require?
a. the defense to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the consent was involuntary.
b. the defense to prove that there is probable cause to doubt that the consent was involuntary.
c. the prosecutor to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the consent was voluntary.
d. the prosecutor to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the consent was voluntary.
Q:
Police departments are restricting the use of pursuits and using alternative methods to catch the individuals who attempt to elude police officers.
Q:
Police departments are restricting the use of pursuits and using alternative methods to catch the individuals who attempt to elude police officers.
Q:
An alternative to random routine patrol is directed patrol.
Q:
An alternative to random routine patrol is directed patrol.
Q:
According to your text, the NHTSA reported and increase in alcohol-related crashes.
Q:
An officer, gun drawn, pursues a suspect on foot and catches up to him just as he is about to enter his residence. Following a pat down that revealed no weapons, the officer placed his firearm back in its holster then asked for and was granted permission to enter the residence for the purpose of conducting a search of the home for weapons. The officer discovered illegal weapons in the home. The search will most likely be:
a. ruled legal and the gun evidence admitted into the record.
b. ruled legal only if the offender is judged to have been under formal legal arrest at the time of consent.
c. ruled illegal because the officer had no probable cause to enter and search.
d. ruled illegal because during the initial detention of the suspect the officer had his gun firearm drawn.
Q:
A home-owner refuses to give consent for a search. In response, the officer states that he will be back with a warrant to search within the hour, even though the officer has no probable cause to have a warrant issued. After hearing the statement, the homeowner allowed police to enter and search. The officers found evidence of crime. It is most likely that the evidence:
a. will be judged inadmissible because the statement from the officer concerning the warrant was not true at the time the statement was made.
b. will be judged inadmissible because the officer violated the rights of the resident just by asking permission to search.
c. will be ruled admissible because the consent was not obtained through force or threat of force.
d. will be ruled admissible because the officer had enough evidence establishing reasonable suspicion to obtain a warrant.
Q:
According to your text, the NHTSA reported and increase in alcohol-related crashes.
Q:
At the conclusion of the Kansas City Study, no one in the community had any idea that an experiment regarding policing had been conducted in their community.
Q:
At the conclusion of the Kansas City Study, no one in the community had any idea that an experiment regarding policing had been conducted in their community.
Q:
The Kansas City Study demonstrated that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made a significant difference within the community.
Q:
What is the main advantage of a consent search for law enforcement personnel?
a. it is more convenient than the warrant procedure.
b. it is not as much probable cause than is required in other searches.
c. it is easier to prove validity of consent than it is to prove other procedures.
d. consent can be obtained from persons other than the suspect.
Q:
A police officer has reasonable suspicion to believe a man approaching his car is involved in criminal activity and is armed. The officer draws his gun and has the man to stop about 15 feet from the man's car. The officer conducts a quick pat-down search of the man's outer clothing and finds nothing. With his gun still out of its holster, the officer asks the man for consent to search the car. The man consents. how will the court most likely deem the search?
a. validate the search because the man provided valid consent.
b. validate the search owing to exigent circumstances.
c. invalidate the search as non-consensual.
d. invalidate the search because the man has no authority to provide consent.
Q:
The Kansas City Study demonstrated that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made a significant difference within the community.
Q:
The essential ingredient for valid consent to search is _____.
a. reasonableness
b. reasonable suspicion
c. probable cause
d. voluntariness
Q:
The Kansas City Study determined that decreasing or increasing routine preventive patrol within the range tested in the experiment had no effect on crime, citizen fear of crime, community attitudes toward the police on the delivery of police service, police response time, or traffic accidents.
Q:
The Kansas City Study determined that decreasing or increasing routine preventive patrol within the range tested in the experiment had no effect on crime, citizen fear of crime, community attitudes toward the police on the delivery of police service, police response time, or traffic accidents.
Q:
Discuss special operations listed in your text that assist law enforcement in providing services to the community.
Q:
Officers patrol specific locations at specific times to address specific crime problems: