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Criminal Law
Q:
The plain view doctrine is justified on the basis of police _____________________ and ____________________.
Q:
Investigative units that reexamine old cases that have remained unsolved are called:
a. special acquired technique squads (SATS)
b. hot case squads
c. cold case squads
d. geriatric units
Q:
Marvin Wolfgang discovered that most predatory street crime in the United States is committed by:
a. only a few criminals
b. convicted felons
c. sex offenders
d. individuals under the influence of drugs
Q:
What system has greatly improved the surveillance of offenders?
a. Johansen system
b. adult monitoring system (AMS)
c. probation positioning enhancement system
d. global positioning system (GPS)
Q:
Although the plain view doctrine does not allow a law enforcement officer to conduct a further search of an object to determine its incriminating nature, it has been established that an officer may use ____________________ or ____________________ aids to assist in observing items of evidence.
Q:
If the contents of a container can be inferred from its outward appearance, distinctive configuration, transparency or other characteristic, the container may be ____________________ by law enforcement officers. If the officer has probable cause to believe items in the container constitute illegal contraband, the officer may seize the container along with these items.
Q:
The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be disseminated to officers on the street is called _____.
a. criminal profiling
b. CompStat
c. crime mapping
d. crime analysis
Q:
Elements of sting operations include all but the following:
a. undercover officer(s)
b. targeted group
c. opportunity to commit a crime
d. all are elements of a sting operation
Q:
Undercover operations target all of the following crimes except:
a. robbery
b. DUI
c. burglary
d. selling stolen goods
Q:
Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following except:
a. robbers
b. purse snatchers
c. persons committing larcenies from autos
d. murderers
Q:
Law enforcement officers who are lawfully on a premise in _______ of a fleeing suspect may seize items of evidence observed open to their view.
Q:
The vast majority of all arrests are made:
a. at the scene of the crime
b. within 48 hours
c. within two weeks
d. within one month
Q:
Dressing as and playing the role of a potential crime victim is known as:
a. decoy operations
b. envoy operations
c. convoy operations
d. targeting
Q:
The ___________ is grounded on the proposition that once police officers are lawfully in a position to observe an item first-hand, the owner's privacy interest in that item is lost.
Q:
In a case enhancement program:
a. a detective debriefs a suspect to obtain further information
b. detectives assist the arresting officer in preparing a case for court
c. a detective engages in liaison with the district attorney
d. all of the above
Q:
Marvin Wolfgang discovered that most predatory street crime in the United States is committed by:
a. only a few criminals
b. convicted felons
c. sex offenders
d. individuals under the influence of drugs
Q:
Law enforcement authorities, rather than simply seizing contraband, often make a so-called _________ delivery of the container, monitoring the container on its journey to the intended destination.
Q:
Programs concentrating investigative resources on career criminals are called:
a. targeting programs
b. proactive programs
c. repeat offender programs
d. anti-career criminal programs
Q:
It is important to remember that the Fourth Amendment does not prohibit searches and seizures, only _________ searches and seizures.
Q:
The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be disseminated to officers on the street is called _____.
a. criminal profiling
b. CompStat
c. crime mapping
d. crime analysis
Q:
Which agency collects and maintains a database of clandestine laboratories?
a. FBI
b. ATF
c. DEA
d. CIA
Q:
The Managing Criminal Investigations program is designed to put most of an investigator's time and effort into:
a. all felonies that have a chance to be solved
b. very important cases only and cases that can actually be solved
c. only cases in which the complainant agrees to cooperate
d. none of the above
Q:
Elements of sting operations include all but the following:
a. undercover officer(s)
b. targeted group
c. opportunity to commit a crime
d. all are elements of a sting operation
Q:
The vast majority of all arrests are made:
a. at the scene of the crime
b. within 48 hours
c. within two weeks
d. within one month
Q:
According to Mincey v. Arizona, the warrantless search of a residence is not constitutionally permissible simply because a homicide has recently occurred there. There is no "_______________" exception.
Q:
Which of the following is a solvability factor in the Managing Criminal Investigations program?
a. Is there a witness?
b. Is a suspect named or known?
c. Will the complainant cooperate?
d. All of the above
Q:
The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that _____ should conduct preliminary investigations of most crimes.
a. detectives
b. supervisors
c. non-sworn personnel
d. patrol officers
Q:
In a case enhancement program:
a. a detective debriefs a suspect to obtain further information
b. detectives assist the arresting officer in preparing a case for court
c. a detective engages in liaison with the district attorney
d. all of the above
Q:
Programs concentrating investigative resources on career criminals are called:
a. targeting programs
b. proactive programs
c. repeat offender programs
d. anti-career criminal programs
Q:
If the police lack ________ that an object in plain view is contraband without conducting some further search of the object, the plain view doctrine cannot justify its seizure.
Q:
The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives should only be assigned to preliminary investigations of:
a. felonies
b. crimes of violence
c. very serious crimes and crimes requiring complex preliminary investigations
d. all of the above
Q:
Which agency collects and maintains a database of clandestine laboratories?
a. FBI
b. ATF
c. DEA
d. CIA
Q:
The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on television, is called:
a. detective mystique
b. detective role
c. detective model
d. detective initiative
Q:
The plain view rule applies only to those things which can be seen without any mechanical or electrical aids to assist in observing items of evidence.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to the plain view doctrine, an officer must be able to tell by just looking at an item which is out in the open that the item is seizable.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Managing Criminal Investigations program is designed to put most of an investigator's time and effort into:
a. all felonies that have a chance to be solved
b. very important cases only and cases that can actually be solved
c. only cases in which the complainant agrees to cooperate
d. none of the above
Q:
Detectives in a centralized squad are considered _____.
a. specialists
b. generalists
c. to be in field training
d. felony-only detectives
Q:
Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered _____.
a. specialists
b. generalists
c. to be in field training
d. felony-only detectives
Q:
A police officer legally enters a place and observes what he believes to be stolen merchandise. The officer can pick the item up to more closely examine it and then make a determination as to whether the item is evidence of a crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is a solvability factor in the Managing Criminal Investigations program?
a. Is there a witness?
b. Is a suspect named or known?
c. Will the complainant cooperate?
d. All of the above
Q:
The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that _____ should conduct preliminary investigations of most crimes.
a. detectives
b. supervisors
c. non-sworn personnel
d. patrol officers
Q:
The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is the information the victim supplies to the _____.
a. detective
b. immediately responding patrol officer
c. dispatcher
d. supervisor
Q:
If a police officer lawfully pats down a suspect's outer clothing and feels an object and the contour or mass of the object makes its identity immediately apparent, there has been no invasion of the suspect's privacy beyond that already authorized by the officer's search for weapons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Along with training of new detectives, many departments use this method to assist in the training of new detectives.
a. cross training
b. mentoring
c. simulations
d. MCI
Q:
Under the plain view doctrine, an officer viewing illegal drugs on a coffee table while executing an arrest warrant may seize the drugs.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives should only be assigned to preliminary investigations of:
a. felonies
b. crimes of violence
c. very serious crimes and crimes requiring complex preliminary investigations
d. all of the above
Q:
The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on television, is called:
a. detective mystique
b. detective role
c. detective model
d. detective initiative
Q:
Officers who are lawfully on premises in hot pursuit of a fleeing suspect may seize items that they have handled, moved, and manipulated to make a determination that the evidence is seizable.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Rand Corporation found that _____ of a detective's time was spent on activities that did not lead directly to solving previously reported crimes.
a. 10%
b. 22%
c. 55%
d. 93%
Q:
According to the _____ model, the investigation of almost all felonies and some misdemeanors was the sole responsibility of the detective division.
a. decoy investigation
b. blending investigation
c. proactive investigation
d. retroactive investigation
Q:
Detectives in a centralized squad are considered _____.
a. specialists
b. generalists
c. to be in field training
d. felony-only detectives
Q:
Once a container has been found to a certainty (through legal means) to contain illicit drugs, the contraband becomes like objects physically within the plain view of the police, and the claim to privacy is lost.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered _____.
a. specialists
b. generalists
c. to be in field training
d. felony-only detectives
Q:
The primary justification for the plain view doctrine is to reduce the risk of destruction of evidence and inconvenience for the police.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that emphasized:
a. the proactive investigation of future crime by detectives
b. follow-up investigations of past crimes by patrol officers
c. the retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
d. cold case detectives
Q:
The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is the information the victim supplies to the _____.
a. detective
b. immediately responding patrol officer
c. dispatcher
d. supervisor
Q:
Entrapment is defined as inducing an individual to violate a criminal statute he or she did not contemplate violating, for the sole purpose of arrest and criminal prosecution.
Q:
Nine of ten local law enforcement agencies perform drug enforcement functions.
Q:
A federal officer with an arrest warrant goes to a suspect's home. Having encountered this suspect previously, the officer knows that there will probably be controlled substances and related items lying around the apartment. Seizure of any such items as evidence would be unlawful under plain view because of the inadvertent discovery requirement.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One of the largest multi-agency task forces was during the investigation of the Washington, D.C., sniper in 2002.
Q:
The prior valid intrusion requirement means that the officer must have lawfully arrived at the place from which (s)he perceived the item to be seized.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Along with training of new detectives, many departments use this method to assist in the training of new detectives.
a. cross training
b. mentoring
c. simulations
d. MCI
Q:
The Rand Corporation found that _____ of a detective's time was spent on activities that did not lead directly to solving previously reported crimes.
a. 10%
b. 22%
c. 55%
d. 93%
Q:
Detectives often re-interview victims and witnesses.
Q:
The fundamental case that established the basic rationale of the plain view doctrine is _____.
a. Harris v. United States
b. Texas v. Brown
c. Arizona v. Hicks
d. Horton v. California
Q:
Detectives are primarily responsible for prosecution of offenders.
Q:
Which of the following is not a requirement of the plain view doctrine?
a. The officer must be in a position in which he or she has a legal right to be.
b. The officer must not unreasonably intrude on any person's reasonable expectation of privacy.
c. The discovery of the item by the officer must be inadvertent.
d. The incriminating character of the item must be immediately apparent to the officer.
Q:
According to the _____ model, the investigation of almost all felonies and some misdemeanors was the sole responsibility of the detective division.
a. decoy investigation
b. blending investigation
c. proactive investigation
d. retroactive investigation
Q:
Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that emphasized:
a. the proactive investigation of future crime by detectives
b. follow-up investigations of past crimes by patrol officers
c. the retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
d. cold case detectives
Q:
An officer responding to a radio call of a burglary in progress arrives at the scene in time to intercept a suspect fleeing with a television set in his arms. The officer arrests him and when assistance arrives the officer turns the TV over to see and record the serial number in his notebook. The officer's actions are _____.
a. unlawful under plain view because there was a search
b. lawful under plain view because the officer had already lawfully seized the TV
c. unlawful under plain view because the seizure preceded the search
d. lawful under plain view because the actions do not amount to a search
Q:
Undercover investigations are rarely used by federal law enforcement agencies.
Q:
Police investigating a shooting lawfully entered the suspect's apartment to search for the shooter, for other victims and for weapons. One officer noticed stereo components and, suspecting they were stolen, moved the equipment to read and record serial numbers. The officer's actions are _____.
a. lawful under plain view because there was no search
b. lawful under plain view because there was no search or seizure
c. unlawful under plain view because there was a search
d. unlawful under plain view because there was a seizure
Q:
Reverse sting operations are rarely used by undercover drug operations.
Q:
Entrapment is defined as inducing an individual to violate a criminal statute he or she did not contemplate violating, for the sole purpose of arrest and criminal prosecution.
Q:
Nine of ten local law enforcement agencies perform drug enforcement functions.
Q:
Police officers were stationed on a hill 300 yards from the rear of the suspect's eighth floor apartment. With a telescope the officers could observe through the partially closed drapes at the rear that the suspect was engaged in an illegal activity. The officers' information _____.
a. was lawfully gathered because any aural or visual enhancement is allowed
b. was not lawfully gathered because they could not have seen the activity without some visual enhancement
c. was lawfully gathered because the suspect did not completely close the drapes
d. was not lawfully gathered because the suspect's reasonable expectation of privacy was violated
Q:
Undercover investigations are rarely used by the police.
Q:
An officer stationed himself in a hidden location about fifty yards from a suspect's house and, with the aid of binoculars, watched the activities of the suspect, a known liquor law violator. The officer observed the defendant place two large cardboard boxes containing bottles of untaxed whiskey into his car. The officer's information _____.
a. was lawfully gathered because any aural or visual enhancement is allowed
b. was not lawfully gathered because he could not see the items without the sight enhancement
c. was lawfully gathered because the suspect's reasonable expectation of privacy was not invaded
d. was not lawfully gathered because any aural or visual enhancement is not allowed
Q:
One of the largest multi-agency task forces was during the investigation of the Washington, D.C., sniper in 2002.
Q:
Detectives often re-interview victims and witnesses.