Q&A Hero

Q: Systems learn, grow, and improve according to the __________ they receive.

Q: A system of government in which power and responsibilities are divided between a national government and individual state governments is known as ____________.

Q: The twin goals of corrections are _____________ and protection.

Q: The states of __________ and Texas have the largest prison populations in the United States.

Q: ____________refers to the actions and practices of individuals and institutions designed to induce conformity.

Q: Based on the information in the scenario, what state did Ike serve his time in.a. Floridab. Californiac. Minnesotad. New York

Q: Ike served time in a system where he was held in isolation at night but worked in the worked in the workshop during the day.What system was Ike sentenced under?a. congregate systemb. community-corrections modelc. medical modeld. segregation system

Q: Based on the scenario about Eva, what corrections model was used when her sentence was imposed?a. The community-corrections modelb. The crime-control modelc. The medical modeld. The Auburn system

Q: What type of supervision is Eva on?a. probationb. parolec. noned. pretrial diversion

Q: Placement in a halfway house is an example of the use ofa. intermediate sanctions.b. sentence disparity.c. parole services.d. discrimination.

Q: Eva was convicted of a misdemeanor drug offense. She was given a 15-day sentence that she will serve before being placed in a halfway house. She was also placed on supervision for one year. The goal is to successfully reintegrate Eva into the community.What type of facility will Eva serve her sentence in?a. jailb. prisonc. day-reporting centerd. mental hospital

Q: What model of corrections was used at the time Josh was sentenced?a. The crime-control modelb. The medical modelc. The community-corrections modeld. The Auburn system

Q: Josh was released due to good behavior after he served 15 months of his sentence. What type of supervision was Josh on?a. paroleb. probationc. shock probationd. none; his entire sentence was served

Q: What level of government runs the facility Josh is housed in?a. stateb. cityc. nationald. international

Q: Josh was sentenced for a felony-level theft-of-a-motor vehicle offense in Florida. He was sentenced to serve 20 months in custody in a facility located in Florida. The philosophy at the time Josh was sentenced was that criminal behavior can be controlled by increased use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.What type of facility will Josh serve his sentence in?a. mental hospitalb. jailc. prisond. day reporting center

Q: As community corrections evolved, prisons were to be avoided because they were artificial institutions that interfered with the offender's ability to develop a. a crime-free lifestyle. b. friendships. c. social skills. d. an interest in treatment.

Q: The system where inmates were held in isolation at night but congregated in workshops during the day is known as the a. congregate system. b. separate and together system. c. interaction system. d. public system.

Q: Which of the following is not a corrections subunit? a. halfway house b. prison c. probation office d. law enforcement

Q: When most Americans think of corrections, they think of a. prison and jail. b. probation and jail. c. parole and jail. d. prison and parole.

Q: Which is not a basic concept of Western criminal law? a. offense b. guilt c. punishment d. death

Q: Which of the following events was instrumental in the move towards the community-corrections movement in the United States? a. the inmate riot that occurred in September 1971 at the Attica State Prison in New York b. research findings in the 1980s that indicated that only 5 percent of state correctional budgets were allocated for rehabilitation c. research findings in the 1950s that disputed the use of medicine and science to treat offenders' behavior d. the advancements in the field of social work that had been achieved by the 1960s

Q: The ____________ model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by greater use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision. a. due process b. community c. medical d. crime-control

Q: In 1870 the National Prison Association held its historical meeting in what US city? It was during this meeting that the famous Declaration of Principles was proposed. a. Philadelphia b. New York c. Boston d. Cincinnati

Q: Prior to individual statehood, the very first prison facilities in the West were operated by ______________________. a. the Mexican government b. the US military c. tribal authorities d. private businesses

Q: The congregate system, which emphasizes isolation of inmates in individual cells at night but permits them to work together in silence during the day, was first adopted in which US state? a. Maryland b. New York c. Pennsylvania d. Massachusetts

Q: A ________________ is a correctional facility used to house pretrial detainees and those sentenced for minor offenses. a. prison b. reformatory c. halfway house d. jail

Q: Many of the ideas, practices, and principles that are the foundation of the American criminal justice system were adopted from what country? a. France b. Spain c. England d. Ireland

Q: The opening of the _____________ State penitentiary in 1829 in Cherry Hill, Pennsylvania, marked the full development of the penitentiary system based on the philosophy of separate confinement. a. Western b. Eastern c. Auburn d. Sing Sing

Q: In 1790, the first recognized penitentiary was created in which US city? a. Washington D.C. b. Boston c. New York d. Philadelphia

Q: During the colonial period, jails were mainly used to house ______________. a. those convicted of misdemeanors b. those held pending a court appearance c. those convicted of felonies d. those convicted of capital murder

Q: ____________ is a system of government in which power and responsibilities are divided between one national government and multiple state governments. a. a monarchy b. a democracy c. federalism d. communism

Q: In the United States, jails are operated mainly by what level of government? a. federal b. state c. county d. city

Q: Nearly 40 percent of all offenders are under the correctional control of four states (the Big Four of corrections). Which of the following is NOT one of these states? a. Texas b. Oklahoma c. Florida d. New York

Q: The majority of correctional activity takes place at the ________ level. a. federal b. state c. local d. county

Q: According to your authors, which of the following is NOT one of the three P's of corrections? a. parole b. prisons c. punishment d. probation

Q: The twin goals of corrections are punishment and ________. a. protection b. retribution c. rehabilitation d. deterrence

Q: Corrections can be viewed as a series of processes that are __________, meaning that each process affects another part of the criminal justice system in some way. a. retributive b. interconnected c. conflicting d. punitive

Q: In the United States today, more felons are being sentenced to _____________ instead of _____________. a. parole; prison b. probation; prison c. parole; probation d. prison; probation

Q: Approximately how many Americans are currently incarcerated in a jail or prison? a. two million b. five million c. seven million d. eight million.

Q: Your authors refer to corrections as a(n) ____________, a complex whole, consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals, and that is directly influenced by its environment. a. structure b. system c. organism d. organization

Q: The central purpose of corrections is to _____________. a. determine guilt or innocence b. incarcerate offenders c. carry out the criminal sentence d. rehabilitate offenders

Q: Roughly 70 percent of those under correctional control in the United States are currently serving the sentence in what ways? a. prison and jails b. probation and parole c. jails and parole d. prison and house arrest

Q: From the earliest accounts of human history, punishment has been used as a means of ______________, forcing people to comply with rules, norms, and laws. a. public awareness b. social control c. social ritual d. public spectacle

Q: Since 1980, a greater proportion of correctional growth has occurred in a. prisons and probation. b. prisons and jails. c. jails and probation. d. probation and parole.

Q: Nearly ___________ of all African American men in their twenties are under some form of correctional control. a. one-third b. one-half c. one-quarter d. one-sixth

Q: Today, pretrial drug treatment, work center, electronically monitored home confinement, and restitution are activities found under the heading of corrections. a. True b. False

Q: It has been estimated that almost 20 percent of people born in 2001 will go to prison at some time during their lives. a. True b. False

Q: Probation and parole officers frequently report that their original decision to work in these jobs stems from their desire to punish people for criminal acts. a. True b. False

Q: Correctional officers often report that the aspect of their work they like best is working with people who are in trouble and who want to improve their lives. a. True b. False

Q: Evidence-based corrections is a movement to ensure that correctional programs and policies are based on research evidence about what works. a. True b. False

Q: The community model of corrections continues to dominate how we punish most felony offenders in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: The New York system of corrections, implemented first in the Auburn State Prison, was founded upon the idea of complete solitary confinement of inmates. a. True b. False

Q: The religious group known as the Puritans was primarily responsible for the creation and implementation of the Pennsylvania system of corrections. a. True b. False

Q: Until the early 1800s in the United States, correctional officials followed the European practice of corporal punishment to penalize criminal behavior. a. True b. False

Q: The Positivist School of criminology is centered upon the idea that an individual freely chooses to commit crime, thus the act not the actor is the most important factor in understanding the causes of crime. a. True b. False

Q: One of the major issues plaguing corrections is goal conflict. This conflict centers on the different and conflicting views of how and why correctional functions should be carried out. a. True b. False

Q: Most prisoners in the United States are housed in federal correctional facilities. a. True b. False

Q: Communism is a system of government in which power and responsibilities are split between individual state governments and one national government. a. True b. False

Q: Probation is the most frequently used form of correctional punishment in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: The correctional system has no significant relationship to the outside community in which it functions. a. True b. False

Q: Of the following approaches to gang intervention, which has been the most successful? a. youth outreach b. "get tough" c. opportunities provision d. None of the above has fared well alone.

Q: Each suicide is idiosyncratic, and there are no absolute or universal characteristics which portray all suicides.

Q: A universal view of multicultural counseling relates to "visible and racial ethnic minorities."

Q: Of the following, which member of a school CRT is most responsible for the general control and decision making? a. crisis intervention coordinator b. crisis response coordinator c. the superintendent of schools d. the principal of the affected school

Q: Professionals have now identified a common denominator for the cause of so many adolescent suicides.

Q: A major criticism of current multicultural practices is that current cultural competency practices are too exclusive and are backed by little research.

Q: Of the following members of a school CRT, who does not belong? a. crisis intervention coordinator. b. crisis response coordinator. c. media liaison d. memorial director

Q: The suicide rate among children and adolescents has been essentially stable since 1950.

Q: The client's past history and cultural background have little to do with the here-and-now conditions of a crisis.

Q: When a child learns that there is a great deal of gratification in tearing the heart out of a villain in a video game, that child is being subjected to a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. social learning d. a combination of a, b and c.

Q: Seung-hui Cho's rampage really does not fit Shneidman's characteristics of suicidal people.

Q: The ACT model is an acronym for what? a. Action, Cognition, Trauma b. Activation, Confluence, Transcrisis c. Assessment, Connecting, Traumatic d. None of the above

Q: Schools should consider holding large-scale memorials to honor the deceased and help resolve grief.

Q: According to Shneidman's concept of situational characteristics of suicidal people, the common stimulus in suicide is unendurable psychological pain and the common stressor in suicide is frustrated psychological needs.

Q: Successful crisis work may be described as a. positive addicting behavior for the worker. b. successfully resolving long standing trauma of the client. c. stopping transcrisis events. d. generating in the client a long term resiliency to ward off future crisis

Q: The school psychologist or social worker should always be appointed head interventionist because he or she has the most knowledge about crisis intervention.

Q: PTSD has a two-generation treatment approach. The first generation is accessing and working through the trauma and its symptoms. The second is a. detoxifying from substance addiction. b. absolving oneself from guilt and making amends to wronged others. c. readjusting to contemporary society. d. gaining insight into guilt dynamics and resolving them.

Q: The major providers of crisis intervention services in the United States are a. volunteers. b. social workers. c. psychologists. d. counselors.

Q: When dealing with potential violence or self-destructive behavior in schools it is legally better to be consistently wrong than inconsistently right.

Q: Posttraumatic growth components include all but the following. (p. 195 a. commonality of symptoms. b. constructive self-disclosure c. reconciliation of pre PTSD personality dynamics d. emotional regulation