Q&A Hero

Q: _______________________ is the deliberate confining of a person in jail to protect the community from crimes the person may commit if released before trial.

Q: ____________ are people who fail to appear for a court date and have no legitimate reason for doing so.

Q: A __________________ program is an alternative to adjudication in which the defendant agrees to conditions set by the prosecutor (for example, drug rehab) in exchange for no jail time.

Q: A ______________ is an independent businessperson who provides bail money for a fee.

Q: The proportion of a state's population in jail is often referred to as the_____________ rate.

Q: The ____________ is a living area for a group of inmates that defines a post or a watch.

Q: Defendants who do not appear for a court hearing are calleda. absconders.b. air heads.c. forgetters.d. inmates.

Q: The average delay between and arrest and sentencing isa. about one week.b. about two months.c. more than six months.d. at least one year.

Q: Pretrial detaineesa. have not been convicted of the crimes they are being held on.b. have no rights.c. typically have medical insurance.d. rarely have substance abuse issues.

Q: A facility operated under a joint agreement between two or more government units is known as aa. regional jail.b. mixed jurisdiction jail.c. co-op jail.d. blended jail.

Q: What type of release was ordered for Debbie?a. release on own recognizanceb. bailc. paroled. probation

Q: Based on the scenario, what special issues may the jail face with Debbie?a. mental health issuesb. withdrawals from alcoholc. too many visitorsd. withdrawals from meth

Q: While awaiting the next court appearance, Debbie was held on ____________.a. pretrial detention.b. a parole violation.c. post-court detention.d. a probation violation.

Q: Debbie was arrested for a domestic assault against her husband. She was placed in a secure facility for thirty-six hours before appearing before a judge. The judge ordered her to remain in custody until her next court hearing. Debbie reported she was not taking her medications when she assaulted her husband but adamantly denied being under the influence of drugs or alcohol. After her second court appearance, Debbie was released on her promise to reappear.What type of facility was Debbie placed in before her court appearance?a. lockupb. mental health wardc. detox centerd. prison

Q: Caleb didn't appear for court; therefore it is believed he ________________.a. abscondedb. diedc. forgotd. got lost

Q: What program was Caleb ordered to upon release?a. electric monitoringb. parolec. boot campd. halfway house

Q: Caleb was held in custody for two weeks before he could pay for his release. Once he was released, he was confined to his home per court order. Caleb failed to appear for his next court appearance.What release mechanism was used for Caleb's release?a. bailb. parolec. release on own recognizanced. expiration release

Q: Based on the information in the scenario, what issue does Rob face as an administrator?a. personnel mattersb. inmate violencec. inmate suicidesd. overcrowding

Q: What supervision style is used in this jail?a. direct supervisionb. indirect supervisionc. inmate-run supervisiond. hands-offsupervision

Q: Rob is a jail administrator. The facility he overseesis designed in podular units and encourages staff and offender interaction. However, maintaining qualified staff is an on-going issue for Rob.Based on the above scenario, what type of facility is Rob the administrator of?a. New-Generation jailb. Old-School jailc. Super-Max jaild. Jail of the Future

Q: Today the most pressing medical issue in jails is ___________, accounting for 7 percent of jail deaths annually in the United States.a. gonorrheab. suicidec. tuberculosisd. diabetes

Q: By far the most successful pretrial release program has been_____________________. a. day reporting centers b. percentage bail (10 percent) c. property bonds d. release on recognizance (ROR)

Q: Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the most significant problems facing jail inmates today? a. nutrition b. mental health issues c. substance dependency d. legal concerns

Q: __________________ refers to a type of jail confinement in which the accused is locked up in order to protect the community from the potential crimes the accused may commit if released before trial. a. Shock probation b. Preventive detention c. Controlled internment d. Defensive confinement

Q: In the 1800s, the main goal of the jail began to change in response to the _____________ movement. a. probation b. reformatory c. penitentiary d. mark system

Q: Jails are considered to be the _________ corrections. a. bright point of b. entryway to c. dark side of d. ultimate barrier to

Q: New-generation jails represent the most recent development in jail design. Which of the following is NOT one of the general concepts used within this design? a. interaction space b. podular design c. individual privacy d. personal space

Q: According to the latest jail census, most jail employees (72 percent) are expected to perform __________ duties as their primary responsibility. a. treatment b. educational c. custodial d. clerical

Q: Generally it has been found that building new jails or ________ the capacity of existing facilities has little impact on the problem of crowding. a. limiting b. controlling c. decreasing d. increasing

Q: ____________ supervision is a method of correctional management in which staff members have direct physical contact with inmates throughout the day. a. Deterrent b. Pretrial c. Preventive d. Direct

Q: Over one in seven jails is operating under a ________ of one type or another, typically related to overcrowding. a. court order b. correctional mandate c. writ of habeas corpus d. writ of mandamus

Q: Recently there has been a major emphasis on programs to __________ offenders awaiting trial. a. punish b. convict c. sentence d. release

Q: One of the best ways to reduce ________ is to develop specific standards for routine jail operation practices and procedures. a. rehabilitation b. litigation c. recidivism d. overcrowding

Q: When a correctional officer uses his or her authority to deprive an inmate of his or her ________ rights, that inmate can sue to halt the violation and collect damages. a. Miranda b. universal c. Federalist d. civil

Q: According to the text, the central purpose of the early jail was a. the warehousing of the surplus population of immigrants. b. detention of those sentenced by the court. c. to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials. d. to inflict short-term punishment (for example, corporal punishment) on the offender.

Q: Jail sentences are typically reserved for those who have committed misdemeanors and minor felonies and usually do not exceed _________. a. one1 month b. six6 weeks c. three3 months d. one1 year

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the three mains reasons used to support pretrial diversion programs? a. Diversion is cheaper then criminal justice processing. b. A stigma is attached to being labeled a criminal. c. Many offenders' crimes are caused by special problems (for example, addiction). d. It helps prevent the accused from committing further crimes.

Q: Nationally, about ______ percent of all people placed in jail have been found to be under the influence of alcohol or an illegal drug at the time of arrest. a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75

Q: In 1984 the ________ authorized holding allegedly dangerous defendants without bail for what has become known as preventive detention. a. Comprehensive Crime Control Act b. Statutory Crime Control Act c. Federal Crime Control Act d. Congressional Crime Control Act

Q: A _____________ is a temporary (up to forty-eight hours) holding facility for those who have been arrested and are awaiting an appearance in front of a judge. a. day reporting center b. holding camp c. community center d. lockup

Q: A large number of inmates (over 30 percent) are currently housed in ________ jails; facilities that often hold 2,000 or more prisoners and are operated under a joint agreement between two or more government units. a. federal b. regional c. state d. county

Q: The ___________ system is a system in which jail operations are funded by a set amount paid per day for each inmate held. a. pay b. lease c. fee d. provider

Q: Operated as facilities to detain accused people awaiting trial, jails have customarily been run by _____________. a. state police b. county sheriffs c. state probation departments d. state parole departments

Q: One of the most troubling trends in the US jail system over the past two decades is the increasing incarceration rate for ________. a. young white males b. young African American males c. young Hispanic males d. young Asian males

Q: The idea behind the American jail system was adopted from which country? a. England b. France c. Ireland d. Spain

Q: Jails are the entryway to corrections. a. True b. False

Q: Local correctional workers are among the most poorly trained employees in the criminal justice system. a. True b. False

Q: Crowding produces problems for jail management. a. True b. False

Q: By definition, jail terms are longer than prison terms. a. True b. False

Q: Defendants who are regarded as dangerous or likely to commit crimes while awaiting trial are kept in jail for society's protection under preventive detention. a. True b. False

Q: Local jail officers are some of the best trained, educated, and paid employees in the entire US correctional system. a. True b. False

Q: It is estimated that roughly two-thirds of all jail inmates have a history of mental problems. a. True b. False

Q: The federal government currently does not operate any jails in its system. a. True b. False

Q: In the United States today, most jail inmates are young Caucasian males. a. True b. False

Q: Jail practices in the United States descend directly from feudal practices in twelfth-century Ireland. a. True b. False

Q: Roughly one out of five people released on bail before their court date is rearrested before the trial. a. True b. False

Q: For the most part, US correctional leaders agree that jails do quite a lot for inmates who have mental, emotional, or alcohol-related problems. a. True b. False

Q: According to federal and state laws, jail employees can never be held liable for their actions. a. True b. False

Q: According to many scholars, a great percentage of defendants are considered indigent and cannot afford to post bail. a. True b. False

Q: One of the most startling facts about US jails is that more than half of their occupants are awaiting trial. a. True b. False

Q: Explain what a presentence report is and how it is used in sentencing.

Q: Please define and then compare and contrast determinate and indeterminate sentencing strategies.

Q: What is meant by invisible punishments? List and explain four of these invisible punishments. Why are these considered to be excessively punitive for the convicted offender?

Q: Who was Cesare Beccaria? Please list and explain at least three major ideas he gave the world with respect to justice and punishment.

Q: Please list, explain, and give examples of the four major goals of punishment.

Q: A presumptive sentence is a sentence in which the __________________ or a commission sets a minimum and maximum range of months or years.

Q: Most states have ___________ time policies.

Q: There are _____________ basic sentencing structures used.

Q: Incarceration remains the standard punishment for people who commit ________________ crimes.

Q: With restorative justice, the __________ must take responsibility for the offense.

Q: To be an effective deterrent, punishment must be perceived as fast, certain, and __________.

Q: Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the general public and to discourage crime by others is known as ____________ deterrence.

Q: In Bentham's view, criminals were somewhat _______________ or unbalanced, lacking the self-discipline to control their passions by reason.

Q: Known as the Age of Reason or the ____________________, this era began to challenge and replace new ideas based on rationalism, the importance of the individual, and limitations of government.

Q: The law of retaliation, or "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" is also known as ________________.

Q: Jeremy Bentham, eighteenth-century English law reformer and social activist, sought to change criminal law so that it emphasized the punishment goal of ___________, meaning that prevention, not vengeance, should be emphasized to change a person's behavioral patterns.

Q: ___________________ is a type of punishment in which the offender is first sentenced to a short time in jail or prison, then is resentenced to a term of probation.

Q: The scientific/forensic development of ___________ testing has enabled many who have been wrongfully convicted and imprisoned to be exonerated.

Q: Punishments imposed by the courts that are __________ are purposely designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offender's criminal act.

Q: The punishment goal of _____________ centers upon the idea of treatment of the offender.