Q&A Hero

Q: The __________ strategy refers to a plan of doing nothing in regard to prison overcrowding, simply because it is assumed the problem is temporary and will disappear in time.

Q: The ________________ design is mainly used for maximum-security prisons in the United States.

Q: Government leaders have enacted policies designed to incarcerate a ____________ number of offenders for longer period of time.

Q: The largest percentage of state prisons in the United States is found in the ___________.

Q: A model of corrections that emphasizes security, discipline, and order is referred to as the ___________ model.

Q: This prison design is more focused ona. elderly offenders.b. custody.c. individual freedom.d. creating open communication between staff and inmates.

Q: John is incarcerated in a maximum custody prison. He is currently classified as high custody, but if he is reclassified as medium custody he will move to another unit in the same facility on the other side of a central corridor.What prison design is John housed in?a. telephone poleb. minimumc. closedd. open

Q: The purpose of the structure of prison Mike is in is what?a. custody and disciplineb. transition back to the communityc. rehabilitation and programmingd. work release

Q: Which of the following statements is true?a. Mike is housed in an individual cell with his own sink and toilet.b. Mike is considered minimum custody.c. Mike is housed in a medical unit.d. Mike is housed in a unit with female offenders.

Q: Mike is in a prison with strict limitations to his freedom. His cell door is barred and is electronically operated by the correctional officers. Head counts are frequent and Mike's behavior is closely monitored.What custody level prison in Mike in?a. maximumb. minimumc. closed. campus

Q: What type of offenders is Sara most likely housed with?a. death row inmatesb. highly violent offendersc. more sophisticated offendersd. male offenders

Q: Sara is in prison for transporting and selling drugs between California and Nevada. Although her offenses occurred in California and Nevada, she is in prison in Minnesota.What prison system is Sara housed in?a. federalb. statec. Canadiand. local

Q: Joe is likely housed in what type of living unit?a. large living units with barred cells and strict supervisionb. a co-ed living unit with both male and female inmatesc. death rowd. relatively small housing units

Q: What security level is the prison Joe is in?a. mediumb. supermaxc. opend. closed

Q: Joe is incarcerated in a new prison. Although in prison, he is able to walk outside from building to building to attend school, go to dinner, and recreate. A fence provides the appropriate level of security.What style of prison is Joe most likely incarcerated in?a. campusb. maximumc. telephone poled. open

Q: Over half of the federal inmate population is convicted of what type of offense?a. drug offensesb. arsonc. extortiond. bank robbery

Q: Who is responsible for the operation of state prisons? a. the county commissioner b. the governor c. commissioners of corrections d. the president

Q: Which prison design is organized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is consistent with the concept of incarceration? a. minimum security b. medium security c. courtyard style d. campus style

Q: Mandatory sentencing laws greatly limit the discretion of judges with regard to the a. type of sentence they can impose. b. offenders they can sentence to prison. c. number of offenders they can send to prison each month. d. length of sentences for certain offenders.

Q: Some observers argue that corrections should reserve prison for what type of offenders? a. violent b. property c. drug d. sex

Q: Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the prominent explanations as to why the US incarceration rate has been increasing? a. prison construction b. Supreme Court decisions c. the War on Drugs d. increased arrests and more likely incarceration

Q: The average incarceration rate from 2000"2010 _____________ from the incarceration rate in the 1990s a. did not change b. decreased dramatically c. decreased d. increased

Q: Which of the following is not one of the four basic prison designs currently used in the United States? a. telephone pole b. warehouse c. radial d. campus style

Q: The strategy of doing nothing to relieve crowding in prisons is called the ______________. a. do-nothing strategy b. ignore-the-problem strategy c. null strategy d. wait-and-see strategy

Q: A ______________ strategy calls for building new prisons to meet the demand for prison space. a. treatment b. creation c. rehabilitation d. construction

Q: The nation's first prisons were built utilizing the _____________ design; a design modeled after Pennsylvania's Western and Eastern state penitentiaries. a. telephone-pole b. radial c. campus-style d. courtyard

Q: Forty states and the federal government now operate prisons that exceed the maximum security level; these facilities are classified as __________. a. ultramax b. fortress level c. super-max d. prison camps

Q: More than __________ are incarcerated in US jails and prisons. a. 1.3 million b. 2.3 million c. 3.2 million d. 5.3 million

Q: The __________ model developed during the 1950s. a. rehabilitation b. reintegration c. crime control d. custodial

Q: Prisons house convicted offenders who have been sentenced to terms of________________________. a. three to six months b. anything up to one year c. less than one year d. more than one year

Q: The _____________ is responsible for individuals charged with and convicted of federal crimes. a. US Secret Service b. Office of the Inspector General c. Bureau of Prisons d. Federal Bureau of Investigation

Q: Currently, the largest racial/ethnic group in state-level US prisons is ___________. a. Caucasian b. Latino c. African American d. Asian

Q: Researchers now recognize that the size of the prison population is not driven by the amount of crime; it is driven by ____________. a. the War on Drugs b. public policy c. media coverage d. gang violence

Q: Nearly _____ percent of all state-level inmates are housed in maximum security facilities. a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40

Q: The three most common classification levels for male offenders in most US states include all of the following, except the _________ level. a. camp b. minimum c. medium d. maximum

Q: What corporation was fined more than $40,000 for hiring unqualified alcohol counselors at one of their correctional centers? a. Corrections Corporation of America b. Wackenhut Private Security Inc. c. American Corrections Inc. d. Corrections USA Inc.

Q: Most federal inmates in the United States tend to be a. Hispanic males. b. African American males. c. white males. d. Middle Eastern males.

Q: The majority of adult prisons in the United States are located in ________ areas. a. urban b. suburban c. municipal d. rural

Q: Which of the following prison designs has been used traditionally to house both women and juvenile offenders? a. radial b. telephone pole c. courtyard style d. campus style

Q: Which of the following prison designs is most often used today for maximum-security prisons in the United States? a. radial b. telephone pole c. courtyard style d. campus style

Q: Which model of incarceration focuses on the goals of deterrence, incapacitation, and retribution? a. reintegration b. custodial c. rehabilitation d. retributive

Q: Which of the following is not one of the three main models of incarceration that have dominated US correctional systems over the last six decades? a. reintegration b. custodial c. rehabilitation d. retributive

Q: The major focus of corrections today seems to have shifted to a _____________ model of corrections; a model that emphasizes the importance of incarceration. a. crime-control b. treatment-centered c. restorative-justice d. community-oriented

Q: The image of the ________ was popularized in movies and television shows and is still very much the portrayal of what most Americans believe prison to be. a. "castle" b. "hole" c. "rock" d. "big house"

Q: ______________, the oldest prison in America, was built in 1798 and still houses inmates today. a. Eastern State Penitentiary (PA) b. Auburn State Penitentiary (NY) c. Trenton State Prison (NJ) d. Salem State Prison (MA)

Q: A prison constructed in the form of a wheel, with spokes radiating from a central core, is known as the courtyard style. a. True b. False

Q: Both male and female state prisons are classified according to the level of security deemed necessary. a. True b. False

Q: Private entrepreneurs argue that they can build and run prisons as effectively, safely, and humanely as any level of government can. a. True b. False

Q: Departments of Corrections are usually unable to control the flow of offenders sent to them by the courts. a. True b. False

Q: Prison construction is not an explanation for the increased rate of incarceration in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: Most state-level inmates in the United States are housed in maximum-security prisons. a. True b. False

Q: Reformers associated with the birth of the prison believed that offenders could be redeemed only if they were removed from the distractions of the city. a. True b. False

Q: From 1930 to 1980 the incarceration rate in the United States grew exponentially. a. True b. False

Q: The custodial model of corrections emphasizes the provision of treatment programs designed to reform the offender. a. True b. False

Q: The most frequent type of offense of federal prisoners is drug related. a. True b. False

Q: Today's prisons do not differ greatly in terms of design and operation. a. True b. False

Q: Nearly half of all state-operated correctional facilities in the United States are located in the South. a. True b. False

Q: In the United States, most offenders are held in federal-level prisons. a. True b. False

Q: Roughly half of all current federal inmates are incarcerated for various types of property and white-collar offenses. a. True b. False

Q: Most prisons in the United States operate using the reintegration model of incarceration. a. True b. False

Q: Describe the purpose of the presentence investigation and explain how it is used in the sentencing and programming of offenders.

Q: How can we measure the effectiveness of probation? Next, explain the various means by which it has been measured; in particular, please discuss in detail case management systems and performance-based measures.

Q: Define the two primary functions of probation and how each is carried out. Next, discuss the conflict that arises from these competing functions. How have organizations dealt with the conflict produced by the contradictory goals?

Q: Define evidence-based practice as it relates to probation. List and explain the four most important characteristics associated with successful probation programs. How does this practice affect the work of probation officers?

Q: Define the terms "authority" and "power." Discuss their role in the work of probation officers. Which is more effective? Why?

Q: Today's probation officers have a number of _____________ tools available to help supervise probationers.

Q: To defend against possible allegations of misconduct, probation officers need tothoroughly________________ their actions so that they can meet any potential challenge without having to rely on just memory or their own verbal testimony.

Q: Probation officers are usually required tospendmore time with offenders who need more rehabilitation and ___________.

Q: The purpose of the case plan is to prescribe a combination of activities and reporting features that are based on the ____________ of the probationer.

Q: Privately conducted PSIs have sparked __________________.

Q: In practice most judges seek some balance between rehabilitation and ____________ management.

Q: The presentence investigation serves mainly to help the ___________ select an appropriate sentence.

Q: The probation officer and the offender establish supervision ___________ to help the offender comply with conditions established by the court.

Q: Probation supervision begins once an offender is ______________.

Q: A presentence report is an investigation into and summary report on an offender's ________________.

Q: The performance-based movement in probation has called for a new emphasis on ___________.

Q: _______________ practices refer to the use of correctional methods that have been shown to be effective through well-designed research studies.

Q: ____________ is a term used to describe the return of a former correctional client to criminal behavior as measured by new arrests or other problems with the law.

Q: __________ probation conditions are constraints, including fines, community service, and restitution, imposed on some probationers to increase the restrictiveness or painfulness of probation.

Q: _____________ refers to the ability to force a person to do something that he or she does not want to do.