Counseling

Q: In most institutions, the custodial force has graded ranks similar to a. the military. b. the private sector. c. hospital management. d. academic institutions.

Q: According to the text, a bachelor's degree and three years experience is required to work as a correctional officer in a. a federal prison. b. any prison. c. all jails. d. boot camps.

Q: According to the text, correctional officers must a. be at least 18"21 years of age. b. have at least one felony conviction. c. have a masters degree. d. want to punish inmates with the use of force.

Q: Prison gangs are also referred to as a. security threat groups. b. trouble making groups. c. violent groups. d. organized inmate groups.

Q: Define the phrase "exchange relationships." How are these relationships used in corrections? Finally, list and explain the three major assumptions that are necessary for accommodative relationships between inmates and correctional officers to exist.

Q: Identify the three main principles that explain how the hierarchy of structured organizations functions. Explain each concept, give an example of each, and discuss how they contribute to effective organizational management.

Q: List, explain, and give examples of the three main types of prison violence in the United States.

Q: Define and compare line and staff personnel. Give an example of each. Discuss the roles of both groups including any conflicts that can occur between the two.

Q: ____________ is the way someone behaves in accordance with an order or directive given by another person.

Q: ______________, the concept of male honor and the sacredness of one's reputation as a man, requires physical retaliation against those who insult one's honor.

Q: The most severe sanction that can be handed out by a prison disciplinary committee is confinement in _______________.

Q: In the traditional prison of the big-house era, administrators enlisted the assistance of __________ to help maintain order.

Q: Much of the American public believes that prisons are run in a(n) ______________ manner.

Q: The ability to obtain compliance by manipulating symbolic rewards is known as _________ power.

Q: A series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders from the one immediately above and issuing orders to the one immediately below, is known as the ________________.

Q: Custodial officers act like __________ with regard to most prison rules.

Q: ________ personnel are directly concerned with furthering custody goals of the prison.

Q: The idea that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak management is known as the _____________________ theory.

Q: Line personnel directly support staff personnel. a. True b. False

Q: In terms of the different types of management strategies, flexible and adaptive managerial approaches are most effective at maintaining low levels of prison disorder. a. True b. False

Q: Prison disorder, including riots, staff murders, escapes, and inmate homicides, is more rare today than in the 1970s and 1980s. a. True b. False

Q: On entering a prison, a new inmate receives no instruction on what is expected of him or her. a. True b. False

Q: Physical coercion is never used to control prisoners. a. True b. False

Q: Correctional officers often rely on rewards and punishments to gain cooperation. a. True b. False

Q: Administrative control theory is a prison governance theory that states that, for a prison system to operate effectively, officials must tolerate minor infractions, relax security measures, and allow inmate leaders to keep order. a. True b. False

Q: Correctional institutions are more humanely administered today than they were forty years ago. a. True b. False

Q: A correctional officer is an example of staff personnel. a. True b. False

Q: The organizational structure of correctional institutions has changed very little over time. a. True b. False

Q: Aside from physical injury, an attack by an inmate on an officer can later compromise an officer's _____________, which can often leave administrators with no other choice than to transfer the officer to tower duty. a. reliability b. integrity c. authority d. power

Q: The most common form of prison violence in America is ____________ violence. a. prisoner"prisoner b. prisoner"officer c. officer"prisoner d. officer"officer

Q: For many victims of prison violence, ______________ is the only way to escape further abuse. a. fighting back b. death c. joining a gang d. protective custody

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the three characteristics that underlie prison behavior? a. Age b. education level c. race d. attitudes

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the major sources of prison violence? a. prisoner"prisoner b. prisoner"officer c. officer"prisoner d. officer"officer

Q: Serious violations can earn prisoners a ________, a disciplinary report forwarded to a higher authority for action. a. reprimand b. warning c. ticket d. receipt

Q: Correctional officers often rely on __________ and ________ to gain cooperation. a. promises; fear b. confinement; force c. rewards; punishments d. fear; confinement

Q: What category of personnel comprises the majority of an institution's employees? a. program b. custodial c. professional d. support

Q: The relationship between staff and prisoners is one of________________. a. exchange b. service c. power d. discipline

Q: ______________ refers to a series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders from the person immediately above and issuing orders to the one immediately below. a. Unity of command b. Span of control c. Chain of command d. Hierarchical command

Q: ___________ power is a way of gaining compliance in exchange for material resources. a. Normative b. Coercive c. Formal d. Remunerative

Q: __________ power stresses the application or threat of physical force in order to gain compliance. a. Normative b. Coercive c. Formal d. Remunerative

Q: A structure established for the purpose of influencing behavior in order to achieve particular ends is known as a(n)________________ organization. a. closed b. formal c. self-contained d. informal

Q: _____________________ theory states that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak management. a. Administrative-control b. Officer-balance c. Prisoner-control d. Inmate-balance

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors that make managing prisons different from administering other public institutions? a. the limited rewards and punishments b. the strength of inmate leadership c. the issue of safety d. the defects of total power

Q: According to the text, the most severe sanction that can be handed out by a disciplinary committee is the a. revocation of accumulated good time. b. confinement in administrative segregation. c. addition of more prison time. d. revocation of parole.

Q: _____________________ support line personnel. They usually work under the deputy warden for management, handling accounting, training, purchasing, etc. a. Professional staff b. Union officers c. Prison consultants d. Staff personnel

Q: ______________________ theory states that for a prison system to operate effectively, officials must tolerate minor infractions, relax security measures, and allow inmate leaders to keep order. a. Administrative-control b. Officer-balance c. Prisoner-control d. Inmate-balance

Q: ________ are central to prisoner management as correctional officers cannot have total control over the inmates. a. Sanctions b. Regulations c. Negotiations d. Custodial policies

Q: ________________ is a management principle holding that a subordinate should report to only one supervisor. a. Unity of command b. Span of control c. Chain of command d. Hierarchical command

Q: ________________ is a management principle holding that a supervisor can effectively oversee only a limited number of subordinates. a. Unity of command b. Span of control c. Chain of command d. Hierarchical command

Q: _______________________are directly concerned with furthering the institution's goals. They have direct contact with the prisoners. Such personnel include the custody force, industry and agricultural supervisors, counselors, and medical technicians. a. Professional staff b. Line personnel c. Prison consultants d. Administrative staff

Q: According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT one of the missions of the confinement model? a. Keep them safe. b. Keep them in line. c. Keep them busy. d. Keep them isolated.

Q: According to Charles Logan, the purpose of ________ is to "punish offenders - fairly and justly - through lengths of confinement proportionate to the gravity of the offense." a. warehouse b. imprisonment c. security d. retribution

Q: Which of the following terms is best described as the ability to obtain compliance by manipulating symbolic rewards? a. normative power b. coercive power c. formal power d. remunerative power

Q: One of the greatest concerns for most incarcerated women is_______________. a. finding a way to get drugs or alcohol b. the fate of their children c. the fate of their significant other d. their parole date

Q: Which of the following is NOT considered to be sexual misconduct in a female prison setting? a. using threats or making requests for sexual acts b. conjugal visits between inmates and significant others on prison grounds c. indecent exposure and staff voyeurism for sexual gratification d. touching genitalia, breast, or buttocks in a way that is intended to arouse, abuse, or gratify sexual desire

Q: Some correctional administrators suggest that the increased occurrence of sexual abuse cases found in female prisons is due in part to the large number of ________. a. women housed in close quarters b. men guarding women c. previously abused women in prison d. lesbians found in prison

Q: According to Barbara Owen's study of inmates in the Central California Women's Facility, the vast majority of inmates try to avoid ________, which is described as behavior that can bring trouble and conflict with staff and other inmates, ultimately resulting in loss of good time or time in administrative segregation. a. "the life" b. "the nonsense" c. "the mix" d. "the drama"

Q: Scholars report that female inmates tended to adopt which of the following rather than identifying with the larger prisoner subculture? a. pseudofamilies b. a lesbian identity c. gang ties d. a transgender identity

Q: Overall women prisoners receive ________ sentences than do men. a. shorter maximum b. longer minimum c. longer maximum d. shorter minimum

Q: Over one-third of female offenders are serving time for ____________ offenses. a. property b. violent c. federal d. drug

Q: Because real money is prohibited in prison and many facilities have become nonsmoking, _____________ have become the new standard form of currency in many prisons. a. packs of cookies b. pieces of chewing gum c. packs of sugar d. cans of tuna

Q: A(n) ________________ is a major element of the prison society, as items that some inmates want or need are not available elsewhere. a. secretive economy b. exchange economy c. underground economy d. private market

Q: Recognizing that prisoners do have some needs that are not met, prisons have a _________________from which residents may periodically purchase a limited number of itemstoilet articles, tobacco, snack foods, etc.in exchange for credits drawn on their "bank accounts." a. exchange b. commissary c. market d. bazaar

Q: Which of the following adaptive roles would best explain an inmate who cuts himself off from the outside world and basically constructs his life within the walls of the prison? a. doing time b. gleaning c. integrating d. jailing

Q: Inmates who view their time in prison as a brief but inevitable break in their criminal careers or as the cost of doing business have taken on the adaptive role of ________. a. integrating b. gleaning c. doing time d. jailing

Q: The two primary rules of the inmate code are "________________" and "don"t inform on another convict." a. never talk to staff b. do your own time c. pull your own weight on the job d. never trust the warden

Q: The process where most new inmates absorb the customs of prison society and learn to adapt to the environment is referred to as a. institutionalization. b. prisonization. c. indoctrination. d. value acceptance.

Q: The inmate code emphasizes solidarity of inmates against ________. a. the general public b. snitches and punks c. prison staff d. prison gangs

Q: A set of rules of conduct that reflects the values and norms of the prison society is referred to as the__________________. a. inmate chain b. inmate perspective c. inmate command d. inmate code

Q: The state-use system involves prison inmates making goods that are purchased by state institutions and agencies exclusively. a. True b. False

Q: The growing number of elderly prisoners is not a health problem in contemporary corrections. a. True b. False

Q: Recreation is an example of a prison program. a. True b. False

Q: Female offenders rarely need drug treatment. a. True b. False

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