Q&A Hero

Q: For most of the twentieth century, the term ____________ has referred to both a method of community supervision and a release mechanism. a. reintegration b. reentry c. parole d. probation

Q: Which of the following men was NOT one of the early pioneers of parole? a. Sir Walter Crofton b. Jeremy Bentham c. Alexander Maconochie d. Zebulon Brockway

Q: Based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitative programs, this type of release is designed to allow the parole board to release inmates to conditional supervision in the community when they are deemed ready to live as law-abiding citizens. a. discretionary b. conditional c. mandatory d. expiration

Q: An inmate's eligibility for release to community supervision depends on requirements set forth by the law and _____________. a. correctional administration for that jurisdiction b. sentences imposed by the court c. correctional policies and procedure d. parole boards

Q: Inmates who are released on ___________ release no longer require further correctional supervision and cannot be returned to prison for their current offense. a. unconditional b. discretionary c. expiration d. mandatory

Q: According to your authors, home confinement falls into the category of ____________ release. a. discretionary b. other conditional c. expiration d. supplementary

Q: Which state currently leads the nation in parole revocations, with a staggering two-thirds of all parolees returning to prison within three years? a. New York b. Texas c. California d. Florida

Q: Parole in the United States evolved during the _________century following the English, Australian, and Irish practices of conditional pardon, apprenticeship by indenture, transportation, and the issuance of tickets of leave. a. seventeenth b. eighteenth c. nineteenth d. twentieth

Q: There are five basic mechanisms for release from prison. Which of the following is NOT one of these mechanisms? a. expiration release b. discretionary release c. unconditional release d. mandatory release

Q: Parolees are aware that they must meet critical needs to make it in the community. Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of those critical needs? a. Get a job. b. Get substance abuse under control. c. Develop a support group. d. Enroll in college classes.

Q: Today slightly more than ________ percent of adult offenders are released on parole and remain under correctional supervision for a specific period of time. a. 27 b. 37 c. 57 d. 77

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the three concepts that comprise the foundation of parole? a. custody b. personal right c. contract of consent d. grace or privilege

Q: Parole is the continuation of correctional supervision in the community. a. True b. False

Q: Reentry courts supervise ex-offenders' return to the community and their adjustment to life after incarceration. a. True b. False

Q: Parole officers do not help offenders readjust to the community. a. True b. False

Q: A risk assessment may be used to determine if an inmate is ready for release. a. True b. False

Q: Prior criminal record is not a criterion parole boards consider. a. True b. False

Q: In reentry courts judges maintain active oversight of parolees they had originally sentenced. a. True b. False

Q: The US Supreme Court requires a two-stage parole-revocation proceeding. a. True b. False

Q: Currently, thirty US states have some form of prerelease program designed to prepare inmates for reentry. a. True b. False

Q: One important effect of discretionary release is that the parole board can shorten a sentence imposed by a judge. a. True b. False

Q: Critics state that eliminating discretionary parole has had a major effect on lowering the national crime rate. a. True b. False

Q: Historically, few changes have been made in the way offenders are released from prison. a. True b. False

Q: Only felons are released on parole, not those convicted of misdemeanors. a. True b. False

Q: A key figure in developing parole in the 1800s was Sir Walter Crofton, who administered British penal colonies in Tasmania and elsewhere in the South Pacific and later in England. a. True b. False

Q: Only state governments and federal governments, not local governments, implement parole. a. True b. False

Q: States retaining indeterminate sentences allow mandatory release by the parole board within the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law. a. True b. False

Q: The text sites eight criteria used to make parole decisions. List four of these and explain why each is considered when determining if an offender is ready for release.

Q: List and explain the four most important adjustment supports necessary for a prisoner's reentry into society. Be sure to explain how these adjustments may lead to a more successful reentry. What does the corrections system do to facilitate these supports?

Q: What is a civil disability? Name at least three civil disabilities prisoners face upon release. How does each of these disabilities influence the possible success of a released prisoner?

Q: Define the term parole. What is its intended purpose? Briefly chronicle the development of the American practice of parole. Be sure to include the explanation of its historical roots in Europe, including those responsible for its inception, how and where it was first instituted in the United States, and during what time period.

Q: List and describe the five basic mechanisms by which inmates are released from prison. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of each mechanism. What is the impact of each mechanism on prisoners, the prison culture, and the prison staff?

Q: Expungement is a legal process that results in the _______________ of a conviction from official records.

Q: _______________ have upheld bans on employment when the work has a connection to the criminal conduct of the offender.

Q: Parolees are aware that they must meet critical ___________ to make it on the streets.

Q: For those on parole _____________________ is now an unfamiliar environment.

Q: ______________ for parole officers vary by state.

Q: Parole officers monitor offenders' ______________ to ensure that parole requirements are met.

Q: A _____________ assessment is used to help determine if an inmate is ready for release.

Q: The release of an inmate from incarceration to probation is known as ___________ release.

Q: There are __________ basic mechanisms for release from prison.

Q: Only ____________ are released on parole.

Q: Parole can be revoked for two reasons: 1) ________________ and 2) a violation of conditions of parole.

Q: It is estimated that parole officers spend as much as _______percent of their time in nonsupervisory work.

Q: ___________ is a legal process that results in the removal of a conviction from official records.

Q: When people fail on parole their parole is ____________, and they are returned to prison to continue serving their sentences.

Q: The _______________ Act of 2007 is a federal law that was enacted to ensure the successful return of prisoners to the community.

Q: In response to criticism that the release decisions of parole boards are somewhat arbitrary, many states have adopted _________________.

Q: When release is _________, the parole board's power is much like that of the sentencing judge.

Q: _____________ occurs when offenders are returned to parole after serving a time in prison because of a parole violation.

Q: A(n) ____________ is an official action of the executive branch of the state or federal government excusing an offense and absolving the offender from the consequences of the crime.

Q: _________ is the period of correctional supervision following release from prison.

Q: What is true about David's incarceration?a. He maxed out.b. He opted out.c. He escaped.d. He was granted a pardon.

Q: Which of the following statements is true regarding David's release?a. He will be released unconditionally.b. He will be released on parole.c. He will be released on probation.d. He will be released on pretrial status.

Q: David has been in prison for seven years. This is the maximum sentence imposed by the court at sentencing. David will be released in three days when is entire sentence is served.What type of release mechanism was David released on?a. expiration releaseb. end of confinement releasec. discretionary released. probation release

Q: After Anna returned to prison, she was again released. What type of release was this?a. reinstatement releaseb. returned releasec. lucky released. second-chance release

Q: Why was Anna returned to prison?a. She violated her release by committing a new offense.b. She needed a place to stay.c. Her parole officer didn't like her.d. The parole board changed their minds.

Q: What was completed to determine how Anna will be supervised in the community?a. risk assessmentb. research planc. development pland. supervision study

Q: What type of supervision was Anna on while in the community?a. paroleb. probationc. pretriald. pardon

Q: Anna is eligible for release from prison after serving two-thirds of her sentence. A parole board grants her release but she will remain on supervision until her sentence expires. She must adhere to specific conditions while in the community. It was determined she will require close supervision while in the community. Two weeks after release, Anna commits a new offense and is returned to prison. Six months later she is again released to the community after appearing before the parole board.What type of release was Anna granted?a. discretionary releaseb. expiration releasec. reinstatement released. required release

Q: Ben was serving a life sentence but released early. Why?a. Geriatric release laws applied to him.b. He was pardoned.c. He was found to be not guilty.d. He was paroled.

Q: When moved from the unit Ben was residing in, where was he moved to?a. specialized facilityb. segregationc. nursing homed. halfway house

Q: What two special accommodations does Ben have?a. medical and housingb. programming and housingc. medical and programmingd. Ben is not in need of any special accommodations.

Q: Ben was sentenced to life in prison at the age of fifty-seven. This was the first time he was incarcerated. At the age of seventy-one he had a stroke and could no longer care for himself. For the first time in his incarceration, he was moved to a new living unit. At the age of eighty-six he was placed in hospice care and released to the care of his family.What special population is Ben identified with?a. elderlyb. mentally illc. HIV/AIDSd. sexual minority

Q: What type of programming is Austin participating in?a. psychotherapyb. reality therapyc. cognitive-skills programmingd. drug treatment

Q: What type of offense did Austin most likely commit?a. violentb. drugc. propertyd. financial

Q: Austin is serving a three-year sentence. He suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, and social anxiety. He continues to serve time in segregation for fighting. He is participating in individual therapy sessions but doesn't see much good in doing so.What special population is Austin categorized under?a. mentally Illb. long-term offenderc. sexual-minority offenderd. HIV/AIDS offender

Q: What programming option would you suggest for Tia?a. Parenting from the Insideb. Anger Managementc. Domestic Violenced. Psychotherapy

Q: What management principle is the case manager using with Tia?a. Help maintain contact with the outside world.b. Maximize opportunities for inmates to exercise choice in living conditions.c. Create opportunities for meaningful living.d. You did the crime, you do the time.

Q: Tia was sentenced to thirty years in prison at the age of 21. Her case manager is working with her to ensure she is maintaining contact with friends and family on the outside, especially her two young children.To what special population group does Tia belong?a. long-term offenderb. mentally ill offenderc. elderly offenderd. sexual-minority offender

Q: Describe what a long-term offender is and list the three main principles for managing them. Explain why each of these three is important for the management of this population.

Q: Abuse and victimization of incarcerated sexual minorities are not _______ occurrences.

Q: ______________ minorities are groups of people whose sexual orientation or gender identity differs from that of the majority of the population.

Q: The get -tough sentencing practices of the last thirty years have changed the makeup of the __________ population.

Q: Cognitive skill building focuses on changing the __________ patterns that accompany criminal behavior.

Q: Transactional _____________ focuses on the roles that people play with others.

Q: _________________ therapy emphasizes personal responsibility for actions and their consequences.

Q: Prison treatment groups are often highly _______________________.

Q: The availability and type of mental health treatment programs ___________ from one prison to the next.

Q: Prison ____________ exacerbates the problem of managing mentally ill prisoners.