Q&A Hero

Q: Typical _____________ available to the court are probation, intermediate sanctions, community programs, and out-of-home placement.

Q: Juvenile delinquents disproportionately suffer from learning disabilities. a. True b. False

Q: Juvenile probation officers develop close ties with the offenders' families. a. True b. False

Q: Community service and restitution have been standard, and successful, juvenile adjustments. a. True b. False

Q: Removing a person from the community is the only solution and should be used in all cases. a. True b. False

Q: Reform efforts for juveniles seem today to be exactly the same as the pattern exhibited by the adult process. a. True b. False

Q: According to the text, the everyday juvenile offender is a. unsophisticated. b. extremely violent. c. a drug addict. d. homeless.

Q: Foster homes, residential centers, and reform schools are examples of a. institutions for juveniles. b. employment options for juvenile offenders. c. places parents can call for advice on parenting. d. training facilities for juveniles to become more criminal.

Q: One of the most widely used new intermediate sanctions for juvenile offenders is a. boot camp. b. house arrest. c. community work service. d. cognitive-skills programming.

Q: According to the text, about what percent of delinquents receive an intermediate sanction? a. 15 b. 5 c. 10 d. 25

Q: The number of probation offenders for juveniles is expected to ____________ during the next decade. a. grow b. decline c. stay the same d. dramatically decrease

Q: Describe the role of a juvenile probation officer. Identify two responsibilities you feel are most important and explain why.

Q: List and describe four sanctions currently used for juvenile offenders in the United States. Also, please discuss how these sanctions differ from their adult equivalents.

Q: Compare and contrast the terms "delinquent child," "neglected child," and "dependent child." Originally, which type of child was the juvenile system intended to focus on? Which type does it focus on today?

Q: What sets the juvenile corrections system apart from the adult system? Be sure to address philosophical, procedural, and programmatic differences.

Q: The most common sanction a juvenile may receive in the United States today is ____________.

Q: When girls misbehave, the juvenile justice system often treats them as __________ offenders.

Q: ____________ is the juvenile justice equivalent to adult parole.

Q: During the Juvenile Court period in America, the new juvenile court took the role of _____________.

Q: A ____________ child is a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents are unable to give proper care.

Q: A ___________ is a procedure by which the juvenile court relinquishes its jurisdiction and transfers a juvenile case to the adult criminal court.

Q: Juveniles today are involved in a much smaller proportion of violent crimes than ___________ crimes.

Q: The philosophy of juvenile corrections places a higher premium on rehabilitation and __________________.

Q: In the adult system, guilt is determined at a trial. In the juvenile system, guilt is determined at a _________________.

Q: In the adult court the person charged is called the defendant; in the juvenile system the person charged is called the ______________.

Q: During the Crime Control period of the juvenile justice system in America, proponents focused their efforts on rehabilitation of young offenders. a. True b. False

Q: A delinquent is a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents are unable to give proper care. a. True b. False

Q: The underlying philosophy of the juvenile court remains much as the original reformers intended. a. True b. False

Q: Throughout history, children who have gotten in trouble have been treated with leniency. a. True b. False

Q: Race is the best predictor of recidivism. a. True b. False

Q: Compared with group homes, reform schools and training schools offer far less freedom to the child placed within them. a. True b. False

Q: In Roper v. Simmons, the Supreme Court established the minimum age of sixteen for capital punishment cases. a. True b. False

Q: The juvenile violent crime rate has increased by more than 50 percent since 1980. a. True b. False

Q: During the Juvenile Rights period (1960"1980) in the United States, liberal reform groups, such as the ACLU, rallied to protect the rights of juveniles. a. True b. False

Q: Most juvenile crime is still minor misbehavior, not the serious acts of violence that tend to dominate the news. a. True b. False

Q: According to recent US statistics, most gang members are __________________. a. African American b. Caucasian c. Pacific Islander d. Hispanic

Q: Federal law requires that juveniles housed in adult jails be segregated and be taken before a magistrate for an initial appearance within ___________ hours of arrival in the facility. a. 12 b. 24 c. 36 d. 72

Q: The term ____________ refers to services provided to juveniles after they have been placedremoved from their homes and put under some form of custodial supervision. a. aftercare b. diversion c. waiver d. aversion

Q: ____________ is a juvenile court procedure in which a case is either dropped or referred to programs dealing with the offender's educational, mental health, or social needs. a. aftercare b. diversion c. waiver d. aversion

Q: Instead of relying on the offense alone to identify the highest-risk juvenile offenders, other factors in the juvenile's history should be considered. Which of the following is NOT one of these important factors? a. sexual activity b. drug dealing c. antisocial parents d. gang membership

Q: The first decision made in juvenile court is whether or not to file a petition of juvenile jurisdiction. However, nearly ________ of the referrals to juvenile court do not result in a petition. a. two-thirds b. one-third c. one-half d. one-fifth

Q: ______________ is the best predictor of future criminal behavior and recidivism for juvenile offenders. a. Parental involvement b. Psychological analysis c. Treatment completion d. An offender's age

Q: According to the text, there are five differences between juveniles and adults that justify a separate justice system. Which of the following is NOT one of the differences? a. Juveniles have little responsibility for others. b. Juveniles' families are an important part of their lives. c. Juveniles commit less serious crimes. d. Juveniles are young and may easily change.

Q: Which of the following Supreme Court cases established the essentials of due process for juvenile offenders, including right to counsel, formal hearing, and cross-examination? a. in re Gault b. in re Winship c. Breed v. Jones d. Bell v. Abney

Q: According to your authors, the juvenile justice system has changed dramatically in recent decades. Currently, the juvenile justice system is in what period of development? a. Juvenile Rights period b. Juvenile Court period c. Crime Control period d. Refuge period

Q: During the Juvenile Court period (1899"1960), which of the main tenets of the court was aimed at helping the child to develop a law-abiding lifestyle? a. individualization b. deterrence c. intervention d. informality

Q: At the end of the 1850s, reformers called the "____________" worked for new ways to deal with children in trouble. a. juvenile redeemers b. kid protectors c. child savers d. adolescent guardians

Q: In about _______percent of juvenile criminal cases in the United States, jurisdiction is waived to adult court. a. 20 b. 15 c. 5 d. 1

Q: A(n) ____________ offender is a juvenile who has committed an act that is considered unacceptable for a child, such as truancy or running away from home, but that would not be a crime if committed by an adult. a. minor b. situational c. status d. adolescent

Q: During which period of juvenile corrections did reformers urge the creation of institutions where delinquent, abused, and neglected children could learn good work and study habits, live in a disciplined and healthy environment, and develop character? a. Puritan period b. Juvenile Court period c. Juvenile Rights period d. Refuge period

Q: The earliest attempt by a colony to deal with problem children was the passage of which Massachusetts law? a. Criminal Child Law b. Delinquent Child Law c. Stubborn Child Law d. Antisocial Child Law

Q: The first juvenile court in the United States was established by legislative act in 1899 in what city? a. Philadelphia b. Boston c. New York City d. Chicago

Q: During the 1600s, the crown could act as guardian of any child, especially one with rights to inherited property. This rule fell under the doctrine of ______________________, meaning "parent of the country." a. pare decisis b. parens patriae c. in loco parentis d. padre de pais

Q: Juvenile probation officers' case loads tend to be _____________ than those for adult offenders. a. slightly higher b. lower c. much higher d. about the same

Q: The propensity of schools to reject youth who are struggling with behavioral problems has been called the a. crime train express. b. end of innocence. c. school-to-prison pipeline. d. main issue of juvenile justice.

Q: Programs that improve family discipline and problem solving prevent delinquency of a. boys. b. girls. c. adult females. d. adult males.

Q: Offenders who offend in repetitive patterns are known as a. violent offenders. b. chronic offenders. c. serious offenders. d. skilled offenders.

Q: Juveniles tend to commit crimesa. in groups.b. alone.c. at night.d. on the weekends.

Q: The philosophy of juvenile corrections places a higher premium on a. rehabilitation and punishment. b. prevention and punishment. c. rehabilitation and prevention. d. punishment only.

Q: When Americans are asked to identify the two or three most serious problems facing children, they cite a. school and peers. b. drugs and peers. c. drugs and crime. d. peers and mental health.

Q: What role does Jake have in the above scenario?a. legal assistanceb. ombudsmanc. judged. special investigator

Q: What role is Kim performing in the above scenario?a. ombudsmanb. prosecutorc. wardend. special investigator

Q: Inmate Ace is planning to file a law suit alleging correctional officers violated his constitutional rights while in prison by searching his cell without him being present. Kim is assigned to investigate the allegations and Jake is assigned to assist inmate Ace with his efforts.What right is Inmate Ace alleging has been violated by searching his cell without him present?a. Fourth Amendmentb. First Amendmentc. Fourteenth Amendmentd. Eighth Amendment

Q: What is Inmate Ness requesting when she demands a third party become involved?a. mediationb. evidence hearingc. legal counseld. a jury trial

Q: What process is Inmate Ness initiating?a. inmate-grievance processb. clear and present danger processc. prosecutiond. appeal process

Q: Inmate Ness files a suit alleging her constitutional rights were violated because she was only given once choice of shoes to wear while in prison. She states this is unjust punishment because the shoes are ugly and uncomfortable. A committee at the institution determines that inmate Ness' rights were not violated. Inmate Ness is not satisfied with this and demands a third party become involved.What right is inmate Ness alleging is being violated?a. Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)b. First Amendment (freedom of religion)c. clear and present danger factord. right to personal expression

Q: What allows Inmate Davis's suit to be denied?a. three-strikes rule of the Prison Litigation Reform Actb. lack of representationc. bad luckd. lack of the clear and present danger requirement

Q: In the above scenario, what is Inmate Niles?a. jailhouse lawyerb. public defenderc. ombudsmand. mediator

Q: What does inmate Davis allege is being violated by his not being allowed to have the same number of books he had in another facility?a. Fourteenth Amendmentb. Eighth Amendmentc. right to educationd. right to personal freedom

Q: Inmate Davis alleges his rights are being violated by the state. He claims this because he cannot receive the types of photographs he wants because the prison rules say they are a threat to the security of the prison. He also states his rights are being violated because he can't have the same number of books in his cell as he had in a lower custody facility he was in before. Inmate Niles is assisting inmate Davis with his efforts to file the suit. However, inmate Davis's claims are denied because he had filed at least three prior suits that were dismissed without merit.Inmate Davis is alleging that not being able to have the types of pictures he want is a violation of what?a. First Amendmentb. Eighth Amendmentc. personal freedomd. Fifth Amendment

Q: The ________________ Amendment prohibits the execution of a prisoner who is insane at the time of the scheduled execution.

Q: The inmate-grievance procedure can help defuse _____________ in correctional facilities.

Q: Four alternatives to litigation appear in correctional systems to solve problems before an inmate feels compelled to file ____________.

Q: Upon entering a correctional institution, a prisoner surrenders most of his or rights to ______________.

Q: A __________________ state interest identifies an interest of the state that must take precedence over rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.

Q: The first successful prisoners' rights cases involved the most excessive prison _______________.

Q: Case law consists of legal rules produced by ___________ decisions.

Q: The penal codes of the national and state governments contain statutes defining ______________ behavior.

Q: When convicted of a crime, an individual does not lose all his or her _______________________ rights.

Q: The clear and present danger test takes into account any threat to security or to the safety of individuals that is so obvious and compelling that the need to counter it overrides the guarantees in the ____________ Amendment.