Q&A Hero

Q: Communicating with and motivating people who are on probation or parole is known as a. motivational interviewing. b. changing communication styles. c. manipulating offenders to change. d. role modeling prosocial behaviors.

Q: An example of techno-corrections is a. electronic monitoring. b. risk assessment. c. random field trial. d. bail evaluation.

Q: The scientific method for determining what works is to conduct an evaluation known as a a. random field trial. b. planned in-house experiment. c. random sample survey. d. professional survey.

Q: Over the last several decades, a new national academic discipline of ___________ has grown from a fledging major with a weak academic reputation to a nationally respected field of study. a. social work b. sociology c. criminal justice d. political science

Q: The _________ costs of the growth of the penal system have been borne most substantially by minority communities that already struggle with poverty and other forms of disadvantage. a. physical b. financial c. social d. moral

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the challenges facing the future of corrections? a. reinvigorating a new correctional leadership b. rehabilitating offenders c. refocusing our investments in what works d. reclaiming the moral and ethical high road

Q: _______________ is one of the most important external dynamics affecting the correctional system. a. Techno-corrections b. Diminishing crime rates c. Professionalization d. Evidence-based practice

Q: ______________ is one of those rare ideas getting wide acceptance from many different correctional constituents: conservatives and liberals, practitioners and researchers. a. Techno-corrections b. Diminishing incarceration rates c. Professionalization d. Evidence-based practice

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the four substantial forces that are presumed to be able to help shape the future of the US correctional system? a. techno-corrections b. diminishing incarceration rates c. professionalization d. evidence-based practice

Q: In the United States today, there are currently over _____________ million people under some form of correctional control. a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7

Q: Nearly twenty-five years ago, the ____________ created and distributed a set of national standards for correctional practices in jails, prisons, and field services. a. American Probation and Parole Association b. Corrections Corporation of America c. American Correctional Association d. National Institute of Corrections

Q: The ________ has become to corrections what the FBI is to law enforcement: a strong force for professional standards, policy and procedural improvement, and general development of the field. a. American Probation and Parole Association b. Corrections Corporation of America c. American Correctional Association d. National Institute of Corrections

Q: All of the following can be considered evidence that our current correctional system has become much harsher than other societies' systems except _______________. a. the abolishment of parole in most US states b. men in jail made to wear pink underwear c. refusals of college loans because of convictions of drug crimes d. chain gangs cleaning roads and wearing black-striped shirts

Q: Comparing the 1970s with today, people who are convicted of crimes are _______ times as likely to go to prison. a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2

Q: ____________ evidence-based initiatives are programs that identify the key risk factors for offending and implement prevention methods in an attempt to counteract offenses before they occur. a. Offense-focused b. Risk-focused c. Offender-focused d. Treatment-focused

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the three most frequently cited pressures that have left the correctional system in its current unstable form? a. political b. moral c. economic d. social

Q: According to your authors, the field of corrections will continue to worsen without _________________. a. tougher punishments b. more administration c. new prisons d. effective leadership

Q: State correctional budgets have ___________ in the past decade. a. more than doubled b. decreased by half c. remained predominately unchanged d. more than quadrupled

Q: The crime rate today is _________ it was in 1973, the year prison populations first began to grow. a. nearly the same as b. 50 percent greater than c. half as high as d. twice as high as

Q: Excluding the actual financing costs, the cost of building a prison today now exceeds roughly ______________ per cell. a. $50,000 b. $100,000 c. $125,000 d. $150,000

Q: Attracting, motivating, and __________outstanding personnel is key to an effective correctional system. a. promoting b. recognizing c. rewarding d. retaining

Q: The initial recruitment problem when attempting to hire correctional staff stems from _________________. a. the element of danger b. low starting salaries c. poor health benefits d. no retirement plans

Q: According to your authors, the main resource of the correctional system is _________________. a. technology b. personnel c. time d. money

Q: The US correctional system is not in a position to influence its own fate significantly. Much of this inability has to do with its overall______________. a. purpose b. function c. structure d. philosophy

Q: According to your authors, which of the following is NOT one of the five major dilemmas facing the US correctional system? a. treatment b. costs c. mission d. methods

Q: The population of drug offenders in US prisons has increased by over ________ percent since 1980. a. 300 b. 400 c. 500 d. 700

Q: More than one in three African American men in their ______ are currently under some form of correctional control. a. late teens b. twenties c. thirties d. forties

Q: If a panel of experts were asked to characterize the US correctional system, they would likely say little about new policies, programs, or other innovations. Instead, they would say that what sets the US corrections system apart from all others is that it is so _________. a. progressive b. massive c. retributive d. rehabilitative

Q: According to the text, the US correctional system has become less harsh than other systems of corrections in free societies. a. True b. False

Q: The emergence of corrections as a profession has had two important consequences for corrections; the field is smarter and performance meets a higher standard. a. True b. False

Q: Risk-assessment methods have low rates of failure. a. True b. False

Q: In looking at evidence in corrections, we want to look at what works. a. True b. False

Q: Foretelling the future in corrections is not easy. a. True b. False

Q: In the United States there is a tremendous shortage of crime-prevention or crime-control strategies that work. a. True b. False

Q: Correctional leadership will always be solely about a vision of the future. a. True b. False

Q: The formal problem of structure in corrections is one of interdependence and coordination. a. True b. False

Q: Although salaries vary widely from state to state, correctional employees often earn more than workers in comparable positions elsewhere. a. True b. False

Q: The way in which changes in crime rates affect the correctional system is straightforward and comprehensible. a. True b. False

Q: An example of a failed correctional method is group treatment. a. True b. False

Q: One of the positives of the US correctional system is that it has a clearly stated mission. a. True b. False

Q: Currently more African American men are imprisoned than are attending colleges and universities. a. True b. False

Q: Today the US corrections system serves as a progressive model for the world's systems of punishment. a. True b. False

Q: Modern probation was invented in the United States at the start of the twentieth century. a. True b. False

Q: Identify the two essential goals regarding corrections staff. Explain why these are important in corrections. Also identify two reasons why each can be difficult to achieve.

Q: Discuss what is meant by the following statement: "Corrections lacks a clear mission." What role does a mission play in corrections? How does this lack of a mission affect the system? Identify the one solution that has been offered to address this issue.

Q: List and explain the three major challenges for the future of corrections as identified by your authors.

Q: Identify and explain the four substantial trends in corrections today. Discuss why these forces are so important to the future of corrections in America.

Q: List and describe the five major dilemmas facing the US correctional system today. Next, explain how these dilemmas could possibly be resolved.

Q: According to the text, corrections continues to change and _____________.

Q: New correctional professionals expect to have a say in the _______________ undertaken by corrections systems.

Q: According to the text, opening a few new programs almost _______ results in the ability to close a prison.

Q: As crime rates drop, the general public begins to feel _____________ alarmed by crime.

Q: There are many new ideas about application of ______________ in corrections.

Q: One of the most notable aspects of corrections is that it is _______________.

Q: Correctional performance is exceedingly __________ to assess.

Q: In corrections, initial recruitment problems frequently stem from ________ starting salaries.

Q: The term _____________ refers to those who are returning to the community from prison.

Q: In recent years, the concept of __________ deserts has become popular.

Q: Corrections is not in a position to influence its own fate significantly. Much of this inability has to do with its _____________.

Q: Because correctional personnel work with ______________, its central technologies should involve interpersonal communication and influence.

Q: Jordan was most likely placed ina. foster care.b. a juvenile detention center.c. a treatment center.d. protective custody.

Q: Jordan is fifteen and appearing before the court to determine who will care for her, as her parents were arrested and are in jail. It was determined Jordan will be placed in the care of the Nelsons until her parents are able to care for her again.Which of the below best described Jordan?a. neglectedb. dependentc. delinquentd. suspect

Q: Since Nick was charged with the offense, he is known as thea. respondent.b. defendant.c. guilty.d. suspect.

Q: The outcome of Nick's case is known as thea. finding.b. verdict.c. sentence.d. conviction.

Q: The sanction the court imposed on Nick is known as thea. disposition.b. sentence.c. conviction.d. consequence.

Q: Nick was arrested and charged with assault at the age of seventeen. He appeared before the court and was adjudicated for the offense. Nick was ordered to perform forty hours of community work service and ordered to serve a weekend in a detention center.In the juvenile court, Nick is identified as a_____________ not a criminal.a. delinquentb. bad seedc. convictd. trouble maker

Q: Ren learned juveniles are not arrested, they area. detainedb. confinedc. restrictedd. captured

Q: The consequences the judge imposes in the juvenile court are known as thea. disposition.b. conviction.c. consequence.d. verdict.

Q: Ren found in juvenile corrections, being placed or committed indicates what?a. The juvenile was incarcerated.b. The charges were dismissed.c. The juvenile was sentenced to adult prison.d. The juvenile was sent to a treatment program.

Q: Ren is studying juvenile corrections. He is making a list of the similarities and differences between adult and juvenile court and probation. Below are statements reflecting Ren's findings.Ren found in the juvenile court, the defendant is known as thea. respondent.b. guilty.c. bad guy.d. criminal.

Q: Identify three program strategies that are most likely to be effective with juveniles and explain the design of each program.

Q: Federal law requires that juveniles housed in adult jails be ________________ from adult prisoners.

Q: In about one percent of cases, jurisdiction is ____________ to adult court.

Q: In the adult system a person is charged. In the juvenile system the juvenile is ______________ to the court.

Q: In the adult system the outcome of a court case is known as a verdict. In the juvenile system it is known as a __________.

Q: Extremely serious juvenile crime incidents are ______________.

Q: __________________ was based on the idea that each child ought to be treated as a unique person with unique circumstances.

Q: ________________ refers to services provided to juveniles after they have been placed.

Q: _____________ homes are not considered punitive.

Q: Juvenile probation officers are responsible for the _____________ and guidance of youths under the age of eighteen.