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Q:
Similar to men, women who engage in criminal activity disproportionately come from poor families.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Most theories about crime focus on both the poor and the wealthy.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Most theories about crime are based on men.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Emilie Durkheim believed that crime was an unnatural part of social life.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A state of anomie is where rules or norms that guide behavior have been strengthened or reinforced.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Freud proposed a psychoanalytic theory that crime is caused by unconscious drives and forces.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Cesare Lombroso's medical training led him to believe that certain people are born criminals.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Positivist criminologists believe that science can be used to discover the causes of crime and to treat deviants.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Classical criminology argues that criminal behavior is irrational.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Race is a key factor in exposure to crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Television feeds our fear of crime
a. True
b. False
Q:
Wealthy people are better able to take measures to protect themselves from some types of crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Reduction in crime rates reduces the fear of crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Fear of crime is the greatest in urban areas.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The intangible costs of crime are small.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Victims are generally to blame for the crime that occurred against them
a. True
b. False
Q:
The tangible costs of crime are large.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Personal lifestyles do not influence exposure to victimization.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Discuss the differences between the crime control and due process models of criminal justice.
Q:
What is cybercrime, and how does it pose challenges to Americans as victims, as well as law enforcement agencies in detecting it?
Q:
How do budget cuts influence the approaches to crime and crime rates within the criminal justice system?
Q:
We often think of the prosecutor and defense attorney as "adversaries" in the courtroom. What benefits might we see if they work together as a team to process criminal cases?
Q:
Some states have eliminated education programs for inmates in their prisons. What is the purpose of such a policy? How might it affect crime rates?
Q:
Why might Americans believe there is a serious crime problem in the United States, when in fact crime rates have been steadily decreasing?
Q:
Should the acts of terrorism committed in Oklahoma City and on 9/11 be considered organized crime or terrorism? Does it matter how we define these acts? If so, why?
Q:
Some have argued that offenses that are mala prohibita should be illegal because they lead to crimes considered to be mala in se. Give an example of one type of crime that can lead to another. Which type of crime should we be more worried about?
Q:
Why do some researchers believe that the crime rate declined in the 1990s because of the Supreme Court decision on abortion? Do you agree with this theory?
Q:
Would the abuse of a suspect in a police station be considered an occupational crime or a visible crime? Occupational crimes can be committed "through the exercise of government authority." Does this mean we blame the government or the individual for such an offense?
Q:
It has been suggested that politicians "propose laws without carefully studying" the crimes those laws are meant to address. What is the effect of this on American society?
Q:
______ is type of crime is often referred to as "street crime" or "ordinary crime" and is normally most upsetting to the public.
Q:
___________ generally believe in stricter enforcement of law and expansion of law enforcement and swift punishment.
Q:
The United States crime and justice are addressed as matters of ____ ____.
Q:
Policies developed through guidance from research studies that demonstrate which approaches are most useful and cost-effective for advancing desired goals are known as _______________.
Q:
Issued each year by the FBI, the _____________________ is a statistical summary of crimes reported to the police.
Q:
The theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in order to secure loans, withdraw bank funds, and purchase merchandise while posing as someone else is known as __________.
Q:
Those who participate in organized crime often move their criminal activities through a maze of businesses, banks, and brokerage accounts through the act of___________.
Q:
The growth of global transportation systems, international trade, computerized financial transactions, and worldwide availability of information through the Internet facilitated the expansion of the international economy. Simultaneously, these factors provided the basis for __________ crime.
Q:
One example of __________________ is when neighborhood citizens volunteer to walk students to school, as done in Operation Safe Passage.
Q:
The large numbers of crimes that are not reported are called the ____________________ of crime.
Q:
____________________ is often referred to as "street crime."
Q:
____________________ refers to a framework within which criminal acts are committed, rather than referring to the acts themselves.
Q:
Edwin Sutherland developed the concept of ____________________ crime.
Q:
The _________________________ measures crime using interviews with victims.
Q:
The ____________________ measures crime based on the counts from police departments.
Q:
Offenders convicted of ____________________ may receive a penalty of up to 1 year in jail.
Q:
____________________ crimes are committed for ideological purposes.
Q:
____________________ crimes are committed in the context of a legal business or profession.
Q:
Crimes that are wrong by nature are called ____________________.
Q:
Crimes that are prohibited by government but are not wrong by nature are called ____________________.
Q:
According to your text, examples of ____________________ crimes include gambling, prostitution, and drug use.
Q:
The ____________________ model asserts freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that criminal justice decisions are based upon reliable information.
Q:
The ____________________ model emphasizes efficiency and the capacity to catch offenders.
Q:
Contemporary criminal justice policiesa. are often developed based upon differing ideological differences of conservatives and liberals.b. frequently find liberals advocating for stricter enforcement of law.c. involve the expansion of law enforcement and swift punishment, and are usually advocated by liberals.d. often satisfy both competing ideologies.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false about citizens and the criminal justice policy?
a. Criminal justice policy is best viewed passively by citizens in a democracy.
b. Formal organizations, community groups, neighborhood associations, and church groups, are examples of citizen efforts to influence public policy.
c. Americans should not view themselves as passive observers of criminal justice policy
d. Democracies present opportunities for citizens to go beyond merely voting and to act directly to affect policy decisions
Q:
Which of the following would not be considered a feature of the due process model?
a. Viewed as the "assembly line model"
b. Emphasizes the adversarial process, rights of defendants, and formal decision-making procedures.
c. Viewed as the "obstacle course model"
d. Stresses individual freedom and law as values
Q:
Which of the following would not be considered a feature of the crime control model?
a. Viewed as the "assembly line model"
b. Stresses repression of crime and order as values
c. Emphasizes speed, efficiency, and finality
d. Stresses individual freedom and law as values
Q:
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.Elizabeth was most likely the victim of identity theft perpetrated bya. a transnational crime syndicate.b. local criminal element.c. organized crime.d. possibly all of the above
Q:
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.Credit card fraud, such as what Elizabeth suffered, is responsible for merchant losses of _____ per year.a. $1 millionb. $10 millionc. $1 billiond. $10 billion
Q:
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.Elizabeth was a victim of crime involving the use of computers and the Internet to commit criminal acts, which is referred to asa. cybercrime.b. identify theft.c. organized crime.d. political crime.
Q:
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.The offender who committed identity theft against Elizabeth committed an act that would be considered wrong just by the very nature of the act itself. This would also be known as a ________ crime.a. mala in seb. mala prohibitac. felonyd. misdemeanor
Q:
Elizabeth is a middle-age female who was planning to purchase a new spring wardrobe with her credit card. When she handed the salesperson her credit card, she was surprised to find out that it was denied. Elizabeth had no idea how this could possibly have happened. She has a $20,000 credit limit and currently has a zero balance. Elizabeth realized that a crime had been committed against her.Ientity theft is an example of a ______ crime.a. mala in seb. a publicc. e pluribus prohibita.d. mala prohibita
Q:
James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender.James is quickly educated on how to navigate the court system. He is made aware that the state must prove that he is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This is known as the _____ model.a. crime controlb. due processc. criminal justiced. due justice
Q:
James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender.The bank where James worked fails as a result of his criminal activity and the bank president commits suicide. An outraged public demands justice and James is then charged with manslaughter. This is an example of the ________ model.a. crime controlb. due processc. criminal justiced. due justice
Q:
James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender.When caught, James admitted to stealing approximately $100,000 from his employer over the past year through financial deception. This is what Edwin Sutherland referred to as ______ crime.a. organizedb. felonyc. white-collard. white criminal
Q:
James is a vice president of a local banking organization. He and his wife have been in danger of foreclosure on their home after his wife lost her job last year. James recently found out that he can transfer a small percentage of his client's earnings into his own account without drawing the attention of those in power at the organization. He has been able to transfer enough money to break even on their mortgage. He is aware that he is breaking the law; however, he does not see his crime as being on the same scale as a violent crime. He is also aware that if he is caught, the criminal justice system will go easy on him because he is a first-time offender.When James walked into his office on Wednesday morning, he was met by his supervisor and law enforcement. What type of crime did James participate in?a. Organized crimeb. Political crimec. Victimless crimed. Occupational crime
Q:
Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.Frustrated by the police constantly harassing her, Sherry decides take active measures by targeting local officials with similar treatment. Sherry goes too far, however and kills the city mayor. Which type of crime would this be?a. Victimless crimeb. Political crimec. Occupation crimed. Organized crime
Q:
Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.Sherry's crime is a questionable crime by many who feel that prostitution is not wrong in and of itself, or aa. mala prohibita.b. mala in se.c. a felony.d. a misdemeanor.
Q:
Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.One night, during a planned meeting with one of Sherry's "clients," she is raped, sexually assaulted, and robbed. Sherry does not call and report the crime to law enforcement because of her history. This encounter is an example of the _______ figure of crime.a. criminalb. statisticalc. darkd. true
Q:
Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.Sherry is arrested for possession with intent to sell after being picked up for prostitution. The judge agrees to a plea bargain that requires Sherry to plead guilty to all charges, with a 5-year prison sentence. She is pushed quickly through the court system. This is an example of the ______ model?a. Crime controlb. Due processc. evidence-basedd. justice-based
Q:
Sherry is a 40-year-old white female who frequently participates in prostitution to earn money for her crack habit. She was raised in a single-parent home and has been selling herself for the last 18 years. She has been arrested several times and has no hope that she can make a better life for herself.Sherry willingly participates in prostitution and feels as though her actions should not be considered criminal. Which type of crime does Sherry participate in?a. Victimless crimeb. Political crimec. Occupation crimed. Organized crime
Q:
Which of the following types of crime includes homicide, assault, and rape?a. Visible crimeb. Property crimec. Organized crimed. Victimless crime
Q:
Serious crimes that usually carry a penalty of incarceration for more than 1 year or the death penalty are
a. misdemeanors.
b. felonies.
c. visible crimes.
d. violent crimes.
Q:
The organization _______ was formed because of a mother's heartbreak after the death of her daughter due to a drunk driver.
a. MADD
b. Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence
c. SADD
d. BADD
Q:
_______ refers to priorities and actions developed by the government to use public resources as a means to deal with issues affecting society.
a. Public policy
b. Justice
c. Evidence-based practice
d. Behavior
Q:
_______ is a specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law, for which a punishment is prescribed.
a. Crime
b. Justice
c. Evidence-based practice
d. Behavior
Q:
The creation of new crime legislation and the size of criminal justice agency budgets are decided by legislators responding to the demands of
a. congress.
b. law enforcement.
c. voters.
d. federal prosecutors.
Q:
The _________ is dependent on interviews of the samples of the U.S. population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization, and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.
a. National Incident-Based Reporting System
b. National Crime Victimization Survey
c. Uniform Crime Report
d. National Crime Offender Survey
Q:
According to a 2011 poll of Americans, which of the following did not appear among the top 11 problems cited when asked to name the most important problems the country faced at that time.?
a. Economic declines.
b. Unemployment rates.
c. Healthcare and education issues.
d. Crime.
Q:
In 2010, members of which rival motorcycle gang of the Hell's Angels were convicted for planning violent attacks against them?
a. Pagans
b. Outlaws
c. MS-13
d. Bloods
Q:
Citizens' involvement in shaping public policies, laws, and the quality of life in society is called
a. a social movement.
b. due process.
c. legalistic enforcement.
d. civic engagement.