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Counseling
Q:
In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to:
a. learn how to arrive at clear-cut answers for difficult situations.
b. identify a specific ethical code as the source of answers to ethical dilemmas.
c. learn how to interpret and apply ethical codes to an ethical dilemma.
d. avoid making any mistakes in counseling practice.
e. discover the correct solution for every ethical dilemma that might arise.
Q:
From a family systems perspective, an individual's dysfunctional behavior grows out of the interactional unit of the family as well as the larger community and societal systems.
Q:
A court order issued by a judge authorizing police officers to make arrests or search premises is called a(n)
a. arrest.
b. warrant.
c. true bill.
d. booking.
Q:
According to Ellis, events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is our evaluation of these events that causes the problem.
Q:
From Carl Rogers's perspective the client/therapist relationship is characterized by:
a. a sense of equality.
b. the transference relationship.
c. the therapist functioning as the expert.
d. a clearly defined contract that specifies what clients will talk about in the sessions.
e. none of the above
Q:
A "true bill" coming from a grand jury and charging a suspect with a specific crime is called a(n)
a. information.
b. warrant.
c. indictment.
d. booking.
Q:
According to the text, research shows that counselor values influence:
a. therapy goals.
b. assessment strategies.
c. treatment outcome.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
When a person is physically taken into custody, this is called a(n)
a. warrant.
b. arrest.
c. indictment.
d. information.
Q:
The United States has a ______ system.
a. dual-court
b. triple-court
c. one-court
d. quadruple-court
Q:
The determination of whether or not a defendant is guilty is called
a. adjudication.
b. indictment.
c. booking.
d. information.
Q:
Family systems therapy can be used when working with individual clients.
Q:
Which of the following occurs at the initial appearance?
a. The suspect is fingerprinted.
b. The suspect is notified of the official charges against him or her.
c. The judge decides whether probable cause exists.
d. The suspect enters his or her plea.
Q:
Ellis was originally trained as a psychoanalyst.
Q:
The person-centered therapist's most important function is:
a, to begin therapy with a comprehensive lifestyle assessment.
b. to challenge clients to examine their past.
c. to be skillfully confront clients when they engage in self-destructive behaviors.
d. to be his or her real self in the relationship with a client.
e. both (a) and (b)
Q:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of practitioners in the criminal justice system?
a. Discretion
b. Resource dependence
c. Filtering
d. Complete independence of actors
Q:
A key concept in the criminal justice process involving the mutual transfer of resources among individual actors is called
a. exchange.
b. process distribution.
c. system transfers.
d. discretion.
Q:
Research on personal therapy for therapists suggests therapy contributes to the counselor's professional development by:
a. providing experiential modeling of a particular method of therapy.
b. enhancing interpersonal skills.
c. providing strategies for stress management.
d. all of the above
e. both (a) and (c) are true
Q:
The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using instead one's own judgment is referred to as
a. exchange.
b. interchange
c. system transfer.
d. discretion.
Q:
The teleological lens in concerned with the study of how intuition and telepathy inform family therapy.
Q:
Ellis maintains that REBT is an eclectic form of therapy.
Q:
Which is true concerning the criminal justice system and the U.S. Constitution?
a. The U.S. Constitution does not discuss the criminal justice system specifically.
b. The U.S. Constitution dictates how state agencies should be run.
c. The U.S. Constitution created the state police agencies.
d. The U.S. Constitution created the federal law enforcement agencies.
Q:
Person-centered therapy is best explained as:
a. a dogma.
b. a fixed and completed approach to therapy.
c. a set of techniques to build trust in clients.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
Prisons, jails, and other corrections facilities and programs are administered by which level of government?
a. Federal government
b. State governments
c. City governments
d. Federal, state, and city governments
Q:
Regarding psychotherapy treatment outcome, research suggests:
a. the therapist as a person is an integral part of successful treatment.
b. the therapeutic relationship is an essential component of effective treatment.
c. both the therapy methods and the therapy relationship make contributions to treatment
outcome.
d. all of the above
e. therapy techniques are the key component of successful treatment
Q:
Family therapists are wise to consider Western models of family functioning universal.
Q:
The concept of dividing power between the central (national) government and regional (state) governments is called
a. confederacy.
b. federalism.
c. constitutionality.
d. political system.
Q:
Which of the following statements best explains the goals of the criminal justice system?
a. The actions of citizens taking simple precautions cannot prevent crime.
b. Efforts to control crime allow police to go beyond the law.
c. Decisions must be made that reflect the legal, social, political, and moral values of society.
d. Having an equal system of justice for all the members of society.
Q:
Cognitive behavioral group therapy stresses the importance of homework outside of the therapy session.
Q:
According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is not a goal of the criminal justice system?
a. Doing justice
b. Controlling crime
c. Preventing crime
d. Pushing crime offshore
Q:
A consistent theme that underlies most of Carl Rogers's writings is:
a. the need to find meaning in life through love, work, or suffering.
b. the need for a religion to find meaning in life.
c. the importance of expressing feelings that stem from childhood issues.
d. a faith in the capacity of individuals to develop in a constructive manner if a climate of trust is established.
e. the need for clients to relive past traumatic situations in the here-and-now.
Q:
Which of the following is not an issue that Stan struggles with?
a. fear of being alone
b. fear of intimate relationships with women
c. substance use
d. lacking a sense of direction and meaning in his life
e. aggressive outbursts
Q:
Layer 2 of the criminal justice wedding cake model consists of violent crimes.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Layer 4 of the criminal justice wedding cake model consists of misdemeanors.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Celebrated cases that are highly scrutinized, have jury trials and the lengthy detailed appeals are typically found at Layer 1 of the criminal justice wedding cake..a. Trueb. False
Q:
Assessment is not considered useful in the family systems perspective.
Q:
REBT can be considered a form of behavior therapy.
Q:
Police are responsible for adjudication.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Carl Rogers drew heavily from existential concepts, especially as they apply to:
a. the transference relationship.
b. countertransference, or unfinished business of the counselor.
c. the client/therapist relationship.
d. guilt and anxiety.
e. death and nonbeing.
Q:
Discretion is not a characteristic of the criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Effective psychotherapy is a practice in which:
a. the therapist solves problems for clients.
b. the therapist is a skilled technician.
c. the client and therapist collaborate in co-constructing solutions to problems.
d. the client is in complete control of the direction of the therapy.
Q:
At the federal level, drug offenses are the most common violation of the criminal law.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Doing justice is not a goal of criminal justice.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by "how" questions.
Q:
Ellis claims that his methods are applicable to individual therapy but that his approach does not work well in group therapy.
Q:
Carl Rogers's position on confronting the client is that:
a. confrontation is to be avoided at all costs.
b. confrontation causes clients to stop growing.
c. confrontation reflects that the therapist has a need to be in control.
d. caring confrontations can be beneficial.
e. all but (d)
Q:
There is no evidence of racism in the way society asks the criminal justice system to operate.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Minority groups suffer greatly from poverty.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Realistic tool(s) for staying alive as a person and as a professional is/are:
a. become aware of the factors that reduce your vitality.
b. deal with those factors that threaten to drain your energy.
c. look within yourself to determine what choices you are making to keep yourself alive.
d. assume personal responsibility for finding strategies for remaining vital as a person and as a professional.
e. all of the above
Q:
Conducting an assessment is one of the phases of the multilensed approaches.
Q:
Minorities are subjected to much higher rates of incarceration than the white majority.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Ellis contends that research has shown that REBT is effective in helping all types of clients.
Q:
In the American criminal justice system, all cases undergo the same process and receive equal attention.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not true about the most recent trends in person-centered therapy?
a. It could be referred to as holistic therapy.
b. Acceptance and clarification are the main techniques used.
c. It emphasizes an increased involvement of the therapist as a person.
d. It allows the therapist greater freedom to be active in the therapeutic relationship.
e. The therapist is encouraged to bring his or her values to the therapeutic relationship.
Q:
In the American criminal justice system, most cases proceed all the way to trial.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Because police usually observe the crimes that occur, they are at an advantage in quickly arresting offenders.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not a method of increasing effectiveness in working with diverse client populations?
a. Learn about how your own cultural background has influenced your thinking and behaving.
b. Realize that practicing from a multicultural perspective will probably make your job very difficult.
c. Be flexible in apply techniques with clients.
d. Identify your basic assumptions pertaining to diversity.
e. Pay attention to the common ground that exists among people of diverse backgrounds.
Q:
A multilensed approach to family therapy is best supported by a collaborative relationship.
Q:
More than half of the convicted offenders are supervised in the community.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Regarding group counseling, CBT groups:
a. are the preferred method of many community agencies.
b. value both symptom reduction and teaching self-reliance.
c. both (a) and (b)
d. are often lengthy
e. all of the above
Q:
In the United States, the law may be interpreted differently in various states.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Criminal justice agencies are not dependent on others for funding.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following personal characteristics of the therapist is most important, according to Carl Rogers?
a. unconditional positive regard
b. acceptance
c. genuineness
d. accurate empathic understanding
e. accurate active listening
Q:
At all levels of the justice process, there is a high degree of discretion employed by decision makers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In working with culturally diverse clients, it helps to understand and assess:
a. what these clients expect from counseling.
b. the degree of acculturation that has taken place.
c. the attitudes these clients have about seeking counseling for their personal problems.
d. the messages they received from their culture about asking for professional help.
e. all of the above
Q:
Plea bargaining is an example of an exchange relationship in the criminal justice system.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Strategic therapists do not rely on therapy techniques to bring about change but instead give more stress to the therapist's relationship with a family.
Q:
Criminal justice is a system of partspolice, courts, correctionsthat do not affect each other.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A noteworthy strength of the cognitive behavioral approaches is:
a. they have strong empirical support.
b. they pay careful attention to the client's early development.
c. they are well-suited to clients who have difficulty with abstraction.
d. They consider insight and action equally important forces in therapeutic change.
Q:
Apply two crime-causation theories to females as offenders.
Q:
According to Rogerian therapy, an "internal source of evaluation" is defined as:
a. internalizing the validation one receives from others.
b. looking more to oneself for the answers to the problems of existence.
c. going on one's instincts when judging the behavior of others.
d. a neurotic tendency to be self-critical.
e. a success identity.
Q:
Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following except:
a. Counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions.
b. Counselors feel comfortable with their clients' values and beliefs.
c. Counselors are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients.
d. Counselors employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients when necessary or appropriate.
Q:
The role of the strategic therapist involves being in charge of the session.
Q:
Identify and discuss the justice system's responses to the needs of crime victims.
Q:
Discuss the impacts of crime on society.
Q:
Explain Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and how it relates to criminal activity.
Q:
In working with diverse clients, CBT therapists:a. are wise to refrain from disputing the client's beliefs until the therapists fully grasps the client's cultural context.b. are encouraged to be aware of the role of dependency in collectivistic cultures.c. need not adapt their techniques as distorted thinking is a universal phenomenon.d. both (a) and (b)e. all of the above
Q:
Which of the following is the correct order in terms of the historical development of Carl Rogers's approach to counseling?
a. client-centered/person-centered/nondirective
b. client-centered/nondirective/person-centered
c. nondirective/client-centered/person-centered
d. nondirective/person-centered/client-centered
e. person-centered/client-centered/nondirective
Q:
Explain Cesare Lombroso's biological theory focusing on criminogenic traits. Are any elements of this theory presentin modern criminology? Why or why not?
Q:
Compare and contrast positivist criminology and classical criminology.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally competent counselor?
a. knowing how to analyze transference reactions
b. understanding the impact of oppression and racist concepts
c. being aware of culture-specific methods of helping
d. being aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from making full use of counseling services in the community