Q&A Hero

Q: The U.S. Constitution gives specific powers to the ____________________ government.

Q: Beck's therapeutic approach focuses on specific symptoms of depressed clients and the reasons they give for these symptoms.

Q: One of the limitations of the person-centered approach for counseling ethnic-minority clients is: a. not enough emphasis is given to understanding the world of a client who is different from the counselor. b. some clients may expect a more structured approach. c. the heavy reliance on therapeutic techniques . d. the emphasis on collectivism instead of individualism. e. none of the above.

Q: The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing those who disobey the ____________________.

Q: The three major goals of the three components (police, courts, and corrections) of the American criminal justice system are _________________________.

Q: A(n) _________ is the physical detention of a suspect. a. information b. arrest c. warrant d. indictment

Q: Which layerof the criminal justice systemconsists of lesser felonies which are considered less important than more serious felonies? a. Layer 1 b. Layer 2 c. Layer 3 d. Layer 4

Q: Among the ethical issues related to multicultural counseling are the problems of: a. using interventions that were developed in a different cultural context. b. counseling culturally different clients by a therapist who has not been taught the necessary skills. c. helping clients to accept the values of the dominant culture that they have chosen to live in and be a part of. d. all of the above e. both (a) and (b)

Q: A multicultural lens challenges dominant culture and introduces diversity and complexity into our understanding of the human condition.

Q: Misdemeanors are the characteristic of which layer of the criminal justice system? a. Layer 1 b. Layer 2 c. Layer 3 d. Layer 4

Q: Created in 2002, which of the following this bureaucracies has greatly expanded the federal reach? a. U.S. Marshal b. Secret Service c. FBI d. Homeland Security Department

Q: According to REBT, what is rational corresponds to a description of subjective reality.

Q: Accurate empathic understanding helps clients to: a. notice and value their experiences. b. reconceptualize earlier experiences c. modify their perceptions of themselves, others, and the world. d. increase their confidence in making choices and in pursuing a course of action. e. all of the above

Q: According to Cole and Smith, deterrence and increasing use of technology is associated with which goal of the criminal justice system? a. Doing justice b. Controlling crime c. Preventing crime d. Increasing crime

Q: Both feminist therapists and postmodern therapists tend to view diagnosis as it is traditionally done: a. as an appropriate part of counseling sessions. b. as generally helpful to women clients. c. as an essential part of the medical model they follow. d. as often oppressive and ignoring of societal contexts.

Q: Christian is a 20-year-old African American male. He plays football for a Division I college and has a 4.0 GPA. Christian hopes to enter dental school at the completion of his undergraduate studies. Walking home late at night from the gym, campus security comes up behind him and demands to know what he is doing. Christian states that he is on his way back to his dorm. Campus security places him in handcuffs and says that he is under arrest for breaking and entering due to a recent report of a break-in with a suspect matching his description. Christian does not resist this arrest and hopes he can clarify the facts once they are at the station.This case may be seen as an example of the criminal justice system failing in which aspect?a. racism.b. racial profiling.c. discrimination.d. equal treatment

Q: Strategic therapists emphasize the value of therapist interpretation, exploring unresolved issues from the past, and insight.

Q: Christian is a 20-year-old African American male. He plays football for a Division I college and has a 4.0 GPA. Christian hopes to enter dental school at the completion of his undergraduate studies. Walking home late at night from the gym, campus security comes up behind him and demands to know what he is doing. Christian states that he is on his way back to his dorm. Campus security places him in handcuffs and says that he is under arrest for breaking and entering due to a recent report of a break-in with a suspect matching his description. Christian does not resist this arrest and hopes he can clarify the facts once they are at the station.Unfortunately, African American males are often treated differently by the criminal justice system. In Christian's case, his arrest would be considereda. racism.b. racial profiling.c. discrimination.d. a disparity.

Q: Christian is a 20-year-old African American male. He plays football for a Division I college and has a 4.0 GPA. Christian hopes to enter dental school at the completion of his undergraduate studies. Walking home late at night from the gym, campus security comes up behind him and demands to know what he is doing. Christian states that he is on his way back to his dorm. Campus security places him in handcuffs and says that he is under arrest for breaking and entering due to a recent report of a break-in with a suspect matching his description. Christian does not resist this arrest and hopes he can clarify the facts once they are at the station.Christian was most likely approached by security based upon his skin color. This would be a case ofa. disparity.b. discrimination.c. racial profiling.d. racism.

Q: REBT can be effectively employed in crisis intervention.

Q: Person-centered research has been conducted on: a. treating specific behavioral problems. b. the hypothesized necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. c. comparing the outcomes of person-centered therapy with other models. d. treatment of personality disorders. e. all of the above

Q: Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan has been involved with his girlfriend for 3 years. His attorney reached an agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.The fact that Ethan was arrested at all is an example of the justice system's use ofa. system analysis.b. tasking.c. discretiond. resource allocation.

Q: Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan has been involved with his girlfriend for 3 years. His attorney reached an agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.Ethan agrees to a sentence of 18 months probation. His sentence will be served under what agency of the criminal justice system?a. law enforcementb. courtsc. correctionsd. deferred prosecution

Q: Clients have a right to be informed about: a. their therapist's qualifications. b. the general goals of counseling. c. the approximate length of the therapeutic process. d. all of the above

Q: Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan has been involved with his girlfriend for 3 years. His attorney reached an agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.Ethan's attorney and the prosecutor were able to work out an agreement on the expectation of a guilty plea. This agreement is also known as aa. system.b. task.c. plea bargain.d. filtering system.

Q: Joining, accommodation, and boundary making are techniques likely to be used by structural family therapists.

Q: Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan has been involved with his girlfriend for 3 years. His attorney reached an agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior. In order for this arrest to occur, the officer had to havea. probable cause.b. reasonable suspicion.c. clear and convincing evidence.d. reasonable doubt.

Q: Rational-emotive imagery involves teaching relaxation techniques.

Q: Concerning research on psychotherapy, it can be said that Carl Rogers: a. stated his concepts as testable hypotheses and submitted them to research. b. literally opened the field for psychotherapy research. c. inspired others to conduct extensive research on counseling process and outcome. d. all of the above e. none of the above

Q: Ethan was arrested for public drunkenness and lewd and lascivious behavior after attending his close friend's bachelor party. This is his first encounter with the criminal justice system. He works as a project manager with a local construction company. Ethan has been involved with his girlfriend for 3 years. His attorney reached an agreement with the prosecutor to reduce his sentence to probation.In the "wedding cake" model of criminal justice, which layer would Ethan's case fall into?a. Layer 1b. Layer 2c. Layer 3d. Layer 4

Q: Ly"ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000. Ly"ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.Which of the following is not a reason for the expansion of the federal government?a. the internationalization of crimeb. the creation of the Department of Homeland Securityc. the terrorist attacks of 9/11d. lack of effective local law enforcement

Q: Under what circumstances should a therapist consult with colleagues or specialists? a. when a client complains of physical symptoms b. when facing an ethical problem c. when working with a client for an extended period of time and losing objectivity d. all of the above

Q: Ly"ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000. Ly"ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.Ly"ana was allowed to assist local law enforcement due to a law passed bya. the U.S. president.b. Congress.c. the local mayor.d. the governor.

Q: In experiential therapy, techniques are secondary to the relationship that the therapist is able to establish with the family.

Q: There is no concept in REBT that in any way agrees with Rogers's idea of unconditional positive regard.

Q: Ly"ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000. Ly"ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.The offender in the theft case agreed to an 18-month prison sentence. The offender is part of what percentage of convicted felons in prison/jail for theft?a. 20%b. 30%c. 40%d. 50%

Q: Ly"ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000. Ly"ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.Both the prosecution and defense agreed to an exchange relationship in theft case. Which of the following represents that exchange?a. sequential taskb. filtering processc. discretiond. plea bargain

Q: According to Carl Rogers, the three core conditions that create a growth-promoting climate are: a. congruence, conditional acceptance, faith in a client. b. congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding. c. total love and caring, therapist transparency, and empathy. d. realness, objectively viewing the client's world, full acceptance. e. commitment, compassion, and confrontation.

Q: Ly"ana is an FBI agent who has recently been called to a local police department to assist in investigating a theft of approximately $50,000. Ly"ana assisted the local department in solving the particular case and is preparing to go to court when the prosecutor determines that the defense attorney has offered a plea bargain. The defendant admits guilt and is willing to serve 18 months in prison.Ly"ana represents the federal law enforcement role. Which act, passed by Congress, allows Ly"ana to assist the local police department in the theft investigation?a. Commission on Law Enforcement Actb. Homeland Security Actc. National Stolen Property Actd. Transportation Security Act

Q: Which of the following statements is not true about guidelines for ethical practice in counseling and psychotherapy? a. Most professional organizations provide broad guidelines. b. Therapists ultimately have to discover their own guidelines for reasonable practice. c. Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose. d. Ethical issues should be periodically reexamined throughout your professional life. e. There are differences of opinion among practitioners about how ethical guidelines apply to certain situations.

Q: In Whitaker's experiential therapy, there is a greater focus on exploring past experiences than on here-and-now interaction between the family and the therapist.

Q: Which of the following is not a major duty of law enforcement agencies?a. Keeping the peaceb. Preventing crimec. Providing social servicesd. Providing probation services

Q: The cognitive-behavioral therapies are largely based on the idea that the reorganization of clients' self-statements is a key to changing their behavior.

Q: To achieve the goals of criminal justice, many kinds of organizationssuch as police, prosecution, _______, and correctionshave been formed. a. courts b. defense c. bail bonds d. magistrate

Q: In the 1960s and 1970s Rogers did a great deal to spearhead the development of: a. organizational management seminars. b. private colleges aimed at training person-centered therapists. c. personal-growth groups and encounter groups. d. the National Training Laboratories and T-groups. e. registration and certification of person-centered counselors.

Q: The ______ is better able than any state agency to pursue criminal investigations across state borders. a. U.S. Marshal b. Secret Service c. FBI d. Homeland Security Department

Q: Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when: a. clients pose a danger to others. b. a child under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, or child abuse. c. an older adult is being abused. d. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization. e. all of the above

Q: The criminal justice system is designed to control crime by arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and _______ those who disobey the law. a. punishing b. sentencing c. incarcerating d. instructing

Q: A(n) _________ is returned by a grand jury as a true bill charging an individual with a specific crime on the basis of a determination of probable cause. a. information b. arrest c. warrant d. indictment

Q: According to Haley, who the therapist is as a person is far more important than specific intervention techniques.

Q: Part of Ellis's motivation for developing REBT was to deal with his own problems.

Q: A document charging an individual with a specific crime, which is prepared by a prosecuting attorney and presented to a court at a preliminary hearing, is a(n) a. indictment. b. information. c. arraignment. d. warrant.

Q: In person-centered group therapy, the leader: a. displays a sense of trust in the members. b. uses techniques and exercises to motivate the group. c. focuses on making interpretations. d. sets goals for the group members. e. facilitates the direction of group discussions.

Q: Federal sentencing guidelines punish users of crack cocaine about 100 times more harshly than users of powder cocaine. This fact reflects which of the textbook's explanations for racial disparities? a. Racial insensitivity and unequal treatment in society can shape criminal justice policy. b. Crack cocaine is more harmful to society than powder cocaine. c. Few people are arrested for using powder cocaine. d. The effects of powder cocaine are not as strong as those of crack cocaine.

Q: One-third of all persons arrested by the police are members of which minority group? a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Hispanics d. Caucasians

Q: Confidentiality can be considered as: a. an absolute that guarantees clients that their disclosures will never be revealed. b. central to developing trust in the therapeutic relationship. c. both an ethical and a legal issue. d. something that is limited under specific circumstances. e. all but (a)

Q: Bowenian therapists place more emphasis on techniques than they do on understanding the dynamics of a family system.

Q: How much greater is the per capita incarceration rate for African Americans as compared to whites? a. Twice as great b. Three times as great c. Five times as great d. Seven times as great

Q: Compared to whites, African Americans and Hispanics are drawn into the criminal justice system at a a. slightly lower rate. b. slightly higher rate. c. similar rate. d. much higher rate.

Q: The inequality of treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared with the treatment accorded other groups, is called a. federalism. b. crime. c. disparity. d. due process.

Q: REBT contends that humans need the love and acceptance of significant others in order to feel worthwhile.

Q: From a multicultural perspective, the core conditions of the person-centered approach: a. may be difficult to adapt in a manner that is consistent with some cultural frameworks. b. represent universal human needs and are well-suited to multicultural counseling. c. are not-well researched. d. are culturally encapsulated. e. both (a) and (b)

Q: Many ethical codes state that dual relationships: a. should be avoided whenever possible. b. are clearly grounds for revocation of one's professional license. c. are helpful in case of counseling one's friends or relatives. d. are impossible to avoid. e. always result in serious harm to the client.

Q: According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is not an explanation for the racial and ethnic disparities that exist within the criminal justice system? a. Minorities commit more crimes. b. The criminal justice system is racist. c. America is a racist society. d. None of these. All of the above can explain the disparities.

Q: When we say that crime in American is "intra-racial," we mean that a. victims and offenders tend to be of different racial groups. b. victims and offenders tend to be of the same racial group. c. race does not play a part in who is the victim and who is the offender. d. racial differences can only be discovered using intra-group analysis.

Q: Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented directives and paradoxical interventions.

Q: Ellis suggests that most clients attend both individual and group therapy at some point in time.

Q: The State of Michigan v. Christopher Jones illustrated a. the importance of selecting open-minded jurors. b. the difficulties of proving guilt in a rape case. c. the prosecutor's use of multiple charges to pressure defendants to plead guilty. d. that circumstantial evidence cannot be used to convict an offender.

Q: Which layer of the criminal justice "wedding cake" reflects the priorities of how the criminal justice system deals with felonies of "lesser concern"? a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1

Q: The criminal justice "wedding cake" layers reflect differences in how crimes are prioritized. Based on these priorities, which statement best reflects a summary of these layers? a. All cases are basically the same. b. Very few cases are plea bargained. c. Different cases receive different kinds of treatment. d. Celebrated cases are no different than other cases.

Q: One of the limitations of the person-centered approach is that: a. its has not been subjected to rigorous research. b. it is not grounded in personality theory. c. therapists use vigorous confrontation methods. d. there can be a tendency to give too much support and not enough challenge. e. both (a) and (b)

Q: According to the text, the challenge of providing informed consent consists of: a. telling clients about the nature of confidentiality. b. striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process. c. convincing clients that counselors know what they are doing. d. teaching clients about state laws that pertain to counseling. e. getting clients to read the ethical codes of the profession.

Q: Which layer of the criminal justice "wedding cake" consists of serious felonies? a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1

Q: Which layer of the criminal justice "wedding cake" consists of misdemeanors? a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1

Q: There is a trend in the field of family therapy toward rejecting an integrative model of practice.

Q: REBT hypothesizes that we keep ourselves emotionally disturbed by the process of self-indoctrination.

Q: The person-centered approach has been applied to: a. personal-growth groups. b. education c. family therapy. d. foreign relations. e. all of the above

Q: Which layer of the criminal justice "wedding cake" involves celebrated cases resulting in a jury trial that are highly unusual with great public attention? a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1

Q: The person who is the "key link between the police and the courts" because s/he considers the facts of the case and decides whether there is probable cause to believe an offense was committed is the a. judge. b. defense attorney. c. parole officer. d. prosecutor.

Q: Most defendants whose charges are not dropped ultimately a. go to trial. b. plead guilty. c. serve long prison sentences. d. are not guilty by reason insanity.