Q&A Hero

Counseling

Q: The U.S. Constitution explicitly includes criminal justice among the powers of the federal government. a. True b. False
Q: Federalism divides power between the central (national) government and regional (state) governments. a. True b. False
Q: Reality therapy is best categorized as: a. a brand of psychoanalytic therapy. b. a form of nondirective therapy. c. a derivative of Gestalt therapy. d. a derivative of Adlerian therapy. e. a form of cognitive behavior therapy.
Q: Concepts developed by Rogers have been applied to schools, business, international relations, community development, and creative arts.
Q: Defendants who win appeals typically go free. a. True b. False
Q: Congress has refused to expand the powers of the FBI. a. True b. False
Q: Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as: a. displacement. b. introjection. c. reaction formation. d. projection. e. none of the above
Q: Congress and President George W. Bush sought to increase the government's effectiveness by creating new federal agencies. a. True b. False
Q: Adlerian therapy emphasizes the individual's: a. positive capacities to live in society cooperatively. b. quality world. c. irrational, crooked thinking. d. polarities.
Q: Glasser views diagnosis as: a. a description of behaviors people chose to deal with their pain. b. largely inaccurate. c. a useful system of describing psychological functioning. d. essential in developing and effective treatment plan. e. both (a) and (b)
Q: Citizens and their actions can prevent crime. a. True b. False
Q: Free association and dream analysis are a typical part of the person-centered therapist's procedures.
Q: The criminal justice system is designed to control and prevent crime. a. True b. False
Q: The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is ________? a. fixation b. rationalization c. regression d. introjection e. reaction formation
Q: Which statement most closely reflects the philosophy of feminist therapy? a. Feminist therapy depicts an accurate assessment of the psychosexual stages of development. b. Androcentricism, gendercentricism, and ethnocentricism are important bias-free concepts of feminist therapy. c. Constructs of feminist therapy include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist, and life-span oriented. d. both (b) and (c) are correct
Q: Decisions made within the system of criminal justice should not have to reflect important public values. a. True b. False
Q: Discuss the different responsibilities of federal and state criminal justice operations.
Q: Describe the goals of the criminal justice system.
Q: In CBT, clients and counselor jointly set the agenda for the therapy session.
Q: According to Carl Rogers, personality change occurs only when clients develop insight into the origin of their personality problems.
Q: One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings into the unconscious, is: a. repression. b. regression. c. displacement. d. rationalization. e. projection.
Q: Explain why African American men have a difficult time in the criminal justice system.
Q: Determine and explain what constitutes racial profiling. Give three examples of racial profiling.
Q: Explain the layers of the criminal justice "wedding cake."
Q: Which of the following orientations avoids exploring problems, and instead, focuses on creating solutions in the present and the future? a. Freud's psychoanalytic approach b. family therapy c. person-centered therapy d. solution-focused therapy e. Gestalt therapy
Q: According to Beck, selective abstraction is used by clients to reinforce negative schemas and support their maladaptive core beliefs.
Q: The person-centered approach is based on a set of specific therapeutic techniques designed to promote behavior change.
Q: Explain how plea bargaining is an exchange within the criminal justice system.
Q: Explain why discretion is such an important component of the criminal justice system. Could the American criminal justice system exist without discretion? Why or why not?
Q: List and describe the 13 steps in the decision-making process.
Q: A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defense? a. displacement b. reaction formation c. introjection d. projection e. regression
Q: Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths? a. behavior therapy b. postmodern approaches c. rational emotive behavior therapy d. Gestalt therapy e. reality therapy
Q: Explain how law enforcement, courts, and corrections work together to form the criminal justice system. Explain the duties of each subsystem.
Q: In family therapy contexts, cognitive behavior therapists are particularly interested in family schemata.
Q: Carl Rogers's approach is based on the assumptions that humans are trustworthy and that clients desire to grow.
Q: What impact does the federal budget have on the FBI?
Q: Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes: a. dreams. b. post-hypnotic suggestions. c. free-association. d. all of the above. e. direct observation based on experimental research.
Q: Explain how recent high-profile cases may suggest or refute racial disparity within the criminal justice system.
Q: Imagine you are a legislator in your home state. What policy might you suggest for reducing racism in the criminal justice system?
Q: Which of the following approaches to therapy focuses on the unique style of life we create at an early age? a. family systems therapy b. reality therapy c. rational emotive behavior therapy d. psychoanalytic therapy e. Adlerian therapy
Q: To varying degrees, most CBT interventions are integrated models of psychotherapy.
Q: Cole and Smith provide three explanations for why minorities are subjected to the criminal justice system at much higher rates than the white majority. Briefly summarize one of these three explanations and discuss its strengths and weaknesses.
Q: Carl Rogers's original emphasis was on reflection of feelings expressed by the client.
Q: Explain Cole and Smith's use of the concepts of system and exchange to describe the criminal justice system. Is this a useful way to view criminal justice? Why or why not?
Q: Ethical considerations for therapists delivering evidence-based treatments include: a. loss of focus on the individual client's unique concerns. b. the counselor's theory. c. pressure to provide brief treatments may cause a conflict of interest in client care. d. none of the above e. both (a) and (c) are true
Q: Though the Constitution gives specific powers to the federal government, the vast majority of laws are written by____ legislatures.
Q: Which of the following approaches contends that the nature of the human condition includes self-awareness, freedom of choice, responsibility, and anxiety as basic elements? a. Gestalt therapy b. person-centered therapy c. existential therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. reality therapy
Q: ______ and parole have long been important aspects of corrections, as have community-based halfway houses, work release programs, and supervised activities.
Q: There is little empirical support for the application of the cognitive behavioral approach to group counseling.
Q: Courts are responsible for ________,or determining whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty.
Q: A(n) ________ occurs when the defense attorney and the prosecutor reach an agreement: The defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a reduction of charges or a lighter sentence.
Q: ________ is the unequal treatment of members of one demographic group by the criminal justice system, compared with treatment accorded to members of other groups.
Q: A factor the distinguishes the person-centered approach to group counseling from other approaches is: a. the therapist's role as facilitator. b. the length of treatment. c. the focus on creating a collaborative spirit. d. the focus on building genuine relationships among members. e. none of the above
Q: Evidenced-based practices: a. are broadly designed to treat a wide variety of symptoms. b. are tailored to address specific problems and symptoms. c. are founded on empirical research. d. are generally lengthy. e. both (b) and (c) are true
Q: According to psychoanalytic therapy, human beings are: a. motivated by social interest. b. determined by psychic energy and early experiences. c. inclined toward becoming fully functioning. d. free to choose who they will become.
Q: At the _________ the suspect is brought before a judge and is given formal notice of the charge(s) for which he or she is being held, advised of his or her rights, and, if approved by the judge, given a chance to post bail.
Q: ____________________ occurs when police officers disproportionately stop people of color more than whites.
Q: Differential treatment based on race is called ____________________.
Q: From a cognitive perspective, depression is largely due to one's attitudes and beliefs.
Q: Classrooms with a person-centered climate have been shown to foster: a. problem solving. b. creativity. c. self-directed learning. d. discipline. e. all but (d)
Q: Most crime in America is ____________________-racial.
Q: Disorderly conduct is an example of a crime which would be found at Layer ____________________ of the criminal justice "wedding cake."
Q: Assessment is a useful method of: a. evaluating a client's current level of functioning. b. forming a case conceptualization. c. involving the client as an active participant in treatment. d. gaining insight into the client's subjective world. e. all of the above
Q: The main focus of family therapy is on past interactions and past conflicts as the best way to understand the dynamics of the family system.
Q: Stress inoculation is a coping-skills approach designed to change a person's self-statements.
Q: The few celebrated cases are at Layer ____________________ of the criminal justice "wedding cake."
Q: The procedure by which an administrative record is made of the arrest is called a(n) ____________________.
Q: According to Natalie Rogers, external conditions that nurture creativity include: a. psychological safety. b. psychological freedom. c. simulating and challenging experiences. d. all of the above e. both (a) and (c)
Q: Most clinicians agree that the process of diagnosis is: a. a barrier to understanding the client's subjective world. b. an important method of describing individuals with mental disorders. c. heavily influenced by cultural considerations. d. counterproductive to the therapeutic relationship.
Q: If a person is taken into custody, this is called a(n) ____________________.
Q: Because an individual is connected to a living system, change in one part of that system will result in change in the other parts.
Q: The separate judicial structure for each state in addition to a national structure creates a(n) ____________________ system.
Q: The criminal justice process may be viewed as a(n) ____________________ process through which cases are screened.
Q: Meichenbaum believes that our self-statements affect us much as statements made by another person do.
Q: Person-centered expressive arts therapy is founded all of the following notions except: a. releasing creative energy is based on the principle of regression. b. the creative process is inherently healing. c. engaging in expressive art forms connects us to our unconscious. d. emotions are a source of energy. e. personal growth is facilitated by self-awareness.
Q: If an official acts according to his or her own judgment in the criminal justice system, this is called ____________________.
Q: According to the text, positive ethics is a practice in which counselors: a. do what is mandated by professional standards. b. base their ethical decisions on what is best for their clients rather than minimum standards of care. c. strive for the highest level of ethical practice. d. strictly adhere to lengthy ethics codes, even if this is not in the client's best interest.
Q: The mutual transfer of resources is called ____________________.
Q: The gender lens makes use of lifestyle assessments during the intake interview.
Q: Most criminal cases are heard in ____________________ court.
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