Q&A Hero

Q: One of the major goals of reality therapy involves: a. reconstructing the basic personality. b. identifying factors that block freedom. c. encouraging clients to be willing to be a process. d. challenging clients to evaluate what they are doing. e. learning to express feelings.

Q: An act can be deemed criminal if it eventually leads to harm that the law seeks to prevent. This is called a. mens rea. b. an inchoate offense. c. defamation. d. actus reus.

Q: Which method(s) is (are) often used in reality therapy? a. behavior-oriented methods b. the contract method c. use of role playing d. confronting clients e. all of the above

Q: Terms like "technique" and "treatment" are falling out of favor in the person-centered approach.

Q: Laws and rules made by federal, state, and local agencies are called a. case law. b. precedent. c. administrative regulations. d. common law.

Q: The definitions of crimes and people eligible for punishment are spelled out in ________ criminal law. a. procedural b. substantive c. constitutional d. fundamental

Q: Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target") is known as: a. sublimation. b. repression. c. introjection. d. displacement. e. compensation.

Q: The processes followed by police, prosecutors, and judges as well as the rights possessed by suspects and defendants are defined by ________ criminal law. a. procedural b. substantive c. constitutional d. fundamental

Q: Which of the following approaches places emphasis on challenging clients to recognize that they are responsible for events that they formerly thought were happening to them? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. existential therapy c. behavior therapy d. Adlerian therapy e. solution-focused therapy

Q: In reality therapy, the counseling environment is: a. critical. b. mildly confrontational. c. highly structured with the aim of changing cognitions. d. all of the above e. none of the above

Q: The four amendments that deal with the criminal process are the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Ninth. a. True b. False

Q: Person-centered expressive arts therapy can be used in both group and individual contexts.

Q: Penal codes specify the punishments for each offense. a. True b. False

Q: The current chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court is John Roberts. a. True b. False

Q: A person who manages their anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely using: a. introjection. b. sublimation. c. denial. d. compensation. e. undoing.

Q: One of the goals of rational emotive behavior therapy is to: a. assist clients in acquiring a more tolerant and rational view of life. b. make the unconscious conscious. c. provide opportunities for reliving early traumas. d. assist clients in gaining awareness of moment-to-moment experiencing. e. help clients become aware of their family constellation.

Q: Wubboding believes all of the following encourage the client's involvement in therapy except for: a. appropriate use of humor. b. warmth. c. facilitative self-disclosure. d. allowing the client to focus on symptoms.

Q: Indigent defendants are those who pay for their own attorney. a. True b. False

Q: A grand jury is a body of citizens that determines whether the prosecutor possesses sufficient evidence to justify the prosecution of a suspect for a serious crime. a. True b. False

Q: Defamation is one of the seven principles of substantive criminal law. a. True b. False

Q: The person-centered model has become stagnant and shows little sign of evolution.

Q: The concept of resistance can best be described as: a. everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material. b. that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted. c. an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy. d. an unwillingness to freely share with the analyst certain thoughts and feelings. e. all of the above

Q: States can provide more protection for individual rights than does the U.S. Constitution. a. True b. False

Q: The Fifth Amendment provides protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following approaches to therapy most attempts to provide a growth-promoting climate that is conducive to a client's self-exploration? a. psychoanalytic therapy b. Gestalt therapy c. reality therapy d. family therapy e. person-centered therapy

Q: The function of the reality therapist is:a. to assist clients in dealing with the present.b. to encourage clients to make a value judgment concerning the quality of their behavior.c. to confront clients about specific irrational thoughts and ideas and to teach them to think rationally.d. to reindoctrinate clients with the acceptable standards for living.e. none of the above

Q: Concurrence refers to the requirement that an act must cause harm some legally protected value. a. True b. False

Q: The person-centered approach evolved from a nondirective therapy to an experiential therapy.

Q: U.S. Supreme Court Justices Sotomayor and Kagan were appointed by George W. Bush a. True b. False

Q: For much of U.S. history, criminal defendants were not guaranteed the right to an attorney in all states. a. True b. False

Q: The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as: a. transference. b. rationalization. c. countertransference. d. interpretation. e. none of the above

Q: The Bill of Rights has been completely incorporated and applied to the states. a. True b. False

Q: Personal change and social transformation are goals of: a. Adlerian therapy. b. solution-focused therapy. c. person-centered therapy d. feminist therapy. e. none of the above

Q: The average age of the justices is relatively high so a conservative to more liberal movement in the next few years is a possibility. a. True b. False

Q: A reality therapist would most likely respond to a client's complaint of melancholy, sad mood by saying: a. "Sounds like you"re depressed." b. "Sounds like you have depression." c. "Sounds like you"re depressing." d. "Sounds like you"re depressive."

Q: Students of the person-centered approach sometimes have difficulty letting clients truly find their own way and make decisions in an unassisted fashion.

Q: Transference is viewed as: a. the core of the psychoanalytic process. b. a means to uncover earlier unfinished business from past relationships. c. a sign that therapy is not progressing well. d. both (a) and (b)

Q: According to the courts, accidents occur when there is no mens rea. a. True b. False

Q: An inchoate offense does not require mens rea to prosecute. a. True b. False

Q: The current position of the U.S. Supreme Court is that the death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment, and therefore unconstitutional. a. True b. False

Q: Which is not a key concept of feminist therapy? a. the personal is political b. the counseling relationship is egalitarian c. commitment to confronting oppression d. women's problems are viewed from an intrapsychic perspective e. the personal and social and interrelated

Q: Which of the following is not a component of total behavior? a. wanting b. acting c. feeling d. thinking e. physiology

Q: Accurate empathic understanding implies an objective understanding of a client.

Q: The due process and equal protection clauses are found in the Fourteenth Amendment. a. True b. False

Q: The Bill of Rights has always protected the individuals' rights at the state level. a. True b. False

Q: The "fundamental rule" for the client in psychoanalysis is: a. forming a contract with the therapist. b. willingness to do "homework assignments." c. participating in free association. d. writing down dreams. e. both (a) and (b)

Q: Which of the following approaches most emphasizes principles of learning? a. Gestalt therapy b. behavior therapy c. narrative therapy d. family systems therapy e. solution-focused brief therapy

Q: According to the Fifth Amendment's double jeopardy clause, a defendant may be tried for the same offense in the same jurisdiction on the same date twice. a. True b. False

Q: WDEP stands for: a. wants, decision, self-evaluation, perception. b. wishes, direction, engagement, purpose. c. wants, doing, self-evaluation, planning. d. wants, direction, efficacy, planning.

Q: Public opinion always supports the decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court. a. True b. False

Q: Therapists who demonstrate little acceptance of their clients can anticipate that their therapeutic attempts will falter.

Q: Procedural due process requires that the constitutional rights of criminal defendants must be respected. a. True b. False

Q: For an act to be deemed criminal, the intent and the act can occur at different times. a. True b. False

Q: A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is: a. openness and self-disclosure. b. a deeply personal and sharing relationship. c. a sense of being anonymous. d. a focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior. e. both (a) and (b)

Q: Person-centered therapy puts faith in the client's: a. ability to uncover repressed experiences. b. ability to integrate their polarities. c. capacity for recognizing how birth order affects their choices. d. capacity for self-direction. e. ability to change their belief system.

Q: In Robinson v. California (1962), the Supreme Court struck down a law that made drug addiction a crime. a. True b. False

Q: A person could be punished for killing a pigeon if a state legislature passed a law against killing pigeons on the day after the pigeon was killed. a. True b. False

Q: The client's quality world consists of: a. activities that fulfill our needs. b. images of people who enrich our lives. c. beliefs. d. insight. e. all but (d)

Q: The concept of unconditional positive regard implies that therapists develop an accepting and approving attitude toward all actions taken by their clients.

Q: The insanity defense is used in most cases in the American criminal justice system. a. True b. False

Q: The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is: a. to treat specific learning disorders. b. to change overt behavior. c. to correct irrational thinking. d. to make the unconscious material conscious. e. both (a) and (b)

Q: Entrapment cannot be used as a defense in a criminal trial. a. True b. False

Q: Offenders who do not have mens rea and have not committed a strict liability offense should not be found guilty. a. True b. False

Q: All societies and cultures base their criminal law on the same principles. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following therapies emphasizes that a person's belief system is the cause of emotional problems? a. solution-focused brief therapy b. existential therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. acceptance and commitment therapy e. rational emotive behavior therapy

Q: Reality therapy is best described as: a. an intensive and long-term therapy. b. a rational therapy. c. an insight therapy. d. a short-term therapy that stresses doing. e. an experiential therapy stressing feelings and attitudes.

Q: Therapists are encouraged to use positive regard for clients only as a means of shaping their behavior.

Q: Criminal and civil proceedings may arise from the same crime. a. True b. False

Q: The underlying source of American law is the common law of England. a. True b. False

Q: Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the: a. oral stage. b. anal stage. c. phallic stage. d. genital stage.

Q: In the United States, the distinction between criminal and civil law is minimal. a. True b. False

Q: A key concept of Gestalt therapy is: a. externalizing conversations. b. unfinished business. c. belief systems. d. family of origin issues. e. importance of the past.

Q: Reality therapy has gained popularity with: a. school counselors and administrators. b. school teachers, both elementary and secondary. c. rehabilitation workers. d. all of the above e. none of the above

Q: Criminal justice in the United States is highly decentralized. a. True b. False

Q: Relatively few offenders break federal criminal laws compared to the large numbers who break state criminal laws. a. True b. False

Q: Congruence is a basic characteristic of effective therapists.

Q: Most criminal laws are written by state legislatures and enforced by state agencies. a. True b. False

Q: Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the: a. oral stage. b. anal stage. c. phallic stage. d. genital stage.

Q: Which of the following approaches would contend that normal personality development depends on the successful resolution of specific stages of development? a. narrative therapy b. family systems therapy c. psychoanalytic therapy d. solution-focused therapy

Q: When the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1788"1789, it contained few references to criminal justice. a. True b. False