Q&A Hero

Q: According to the diagram, which two courts can appeal directly to the Supreme Court of the United States? a. District courts and courts of limited jurisdiction b. Circuit courts of appeals and trial courts of general jurisdiction c. Circuit courts of appeals and appellate courts of last resort d. Intermediate courts of appeals and district courts

Q: Which correctly lists the three levels of state courts? a. Appellate, district, limited jurisdictional b. Appellate, general jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction c. Limited jurisdiction, commercial, appellate d. General jurisdiction, limited jurisdiction, district

Q: Which types of cases are heard in federal courts? a. Only criminal cases b. Only civil cases c. Both criminal and civil cases d. Only murder cases

Q: U.S. district courts exist a. in only the 10 largest states. b. to handle all criminal cases that arise in the country. c. to share appellate responsibilities with state supreme courts. d. to handle trial-level federal cases.

Q: The use of bondsmen is a fairly rare occurrence and becoming rarer. a. True b. False

Q: Family systems therapy represents a paradigm shift that is sometimes called "the fourth force."

Q: Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT in that Beck's approach emphasizes: a. more of a Socratic dialogue. b. helping clients to discover their misconceptions by themselves. c. working with the client in collaborative ways. d. more structure in the therapy process. e. all of the above

Q: Person-centered therapy is a(n): a. action-oriented approach to therapy. b. humanistic approach to therapy. c. existential approach to therapy. d. deterministic approach to therapy. e. both (a) and (d)

Q: If an individual cannot make bail, they will be forced to remain in jail until their case is resolved. a. True b. False

Q: Pretrial detention can be a very troubling experience for the defendant. a. True b. False

Q: Bowen's multigenerational approach stresses techniques more than it does theory.

Q: Most felony cases take a year or more to adjudicate. a. True b. False

Q: The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms, or in categorizing experiences in either/or extremes, is known as: a. magnification and exaggeration. b. polarized thinking. c. arbitrary inference. d. overgeneralization. e. none of the above

Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the person-centered approach? a. The focus is on the subjective world of the client. b. It is supported by evidence from ongoing research. c. Importance is placed on the attitudes and beliefs of the therapist. d. Emphasis is given to a contract for therapy. e. Attention is directed toward the personal relationship between the client and the therapist.

Q: If the offense is punishable by life imprisonment or death then bail will be denied. a. True b. False

Q: Under the 10 percent cash bail system, once the individual appears in court, they will receive 10% of the money back. a. True b. False

Q: The therapy goals of promoting growth, self-esteem, connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and interaction is most associated with which theory of family therapy? a. Bowen's multigenerational family therapy b. Satir's human validation process model c. Whitaker's experiential/symbolic family therapy d. Minuchin's structural family therapy e. Haley's strategic family therapy

Q: In cognitive therapy, therapy techniques are designed to: a. assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs. b. help clients experience their feelings more intensely. c. assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living. d. enable clients to deal with their existential loneliness. e. teach clients how to think only positive thoughts.

Q: The prosecution will use the pretrial time period to introduce motions for lack of evidence or violation of rights. a. True b. False

Q: Nonpartisan selection allows the public to choose a judge from a list of candidates. a. True b. False

Q: The founder of person-centered therapy is: a. Rollo May. b. Frederick Perls. c. Emmy van Deurzen d. Natalie Rogers e. none of the above

Q: Judges spend significant time as negotiators while working with prosecutors and defense attorneys regarding plea bargaining. a. True b. False

Q: A potential limitation of the family systems model is: a. a particular family member's needs may be overshadowed by the needs of the system. b. the systemic perspective can be overwhelming for the therapist. c. family therapy is not well-suited to working with diverse clients. d. all of the above

Q: One strength of cognitive behavioral therapy group counseling is that: a. emphasis is placed on symptom prevention. b. clients can remain relatively emotionally disengaged. c. leaders take a non-directive stance. d. leaders believe that insight is necessary for behavior change.

Q: The purpose of drug courts is to divert substance abusers away from incarceration. a. True b. False

Q: The bail bondsperson is a nonprofit actor within the criminal justice system. a. True b. False

Q: The bail system discriminates against poor people. a. True b. False

Q: Bail is typically determined within 3 hours after the arrest. a. True b. False

Q: The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution forbids the use of excessive bail. a. True b. False

Q: Both prosecutors and defense attorneys can bring pretrial motions in court proceedings. a. True b. False

Q: Person-centered therapy is best described as: a. a completed "school" of counseling. b. a fixed set of therapeutic principles. c. a systematic set of behavioral techniques. d. a philosophy of how the therapy process develops. e. none of the above

Q: Problem descriptions and goal identification, typical day, the child interview and goal disclosure are techniques used in: a. multigenerational family therapy. b. strategic family therapy. c. social constructionist therapy. d. Adlerian family therapy. e. none of the above

Q: Most felony cases are disposed of by dismissals. a. True b. False

Q: The criterion for deciding if evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest is called probable cause. a. True b. False

Q: Stress inoculation training consists of: a. behavioral rehearsals. b. self-monitoring. c. cognitive restructuring. d. problem solving. e. all of the above

Q: After a suspect is arrested, he or she can be deprived of freedom, even if a finding of guilty is unlikely. a. True b. False

Q: The person-centered view of human nature: a. views people as basically competitive. b. states that humans are driven by irrational forces. c. affirms a person's capacity to direct his or her own life. d. assumes that, while humans have the potential for growth, we tend to remain stagnant. e. both (a) and (b)

Q: Judges selected based on merit must eventually face public election. a. True b. False

Q: Adlerian family therapy strives to ______ as its goal. a. establish a hierarchy of power b. establish and support parents as effective leaders of the family c. replace automatic, often nonconscious, negative interactions with a conscious understanding of family process d. all of the above e. none of the above

Q: In Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification, what is given primary importance? a. using a Socratic dialogue to get clients thinking b. collaborative empiricism c. automatic thoughts d. inner speech e. a multimodal approach to changing one's thinking and behaving

Q: Judges have a variety of roles within the judicial system. a. True b. False

Q: It is impossible for a poor person to become a judge. a. True b. False

Q: Currently, there is high international interest in the existential approach to psychotherapy.

Q: According to Dreikurs, four goals of children's misbehavior include: a. attention getting, power struggle, revenge, and assumed disability. b. attention getting, control, affection, and nurturing. c. nurturing, education, security, and attention getting. d. none of the above

Q: The occupation of "bail bondsman" is a job unique to the United States. a. True b. False

Q: The American legal system is based on a passive judge and jury seeking to find the truth as attorneys for each side argue vigorously. a. True b. False

Q: One of the main ways that Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT is that in Beck's approach, more so than in Ellis's approach: a. reality testing is highly organized. b. thinking is considered to influence feeling and action. c. the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process. d. clients are asked to look for evidence to support their conclusions.

Q: At the heart of reform of state courts is the goal of making the process more complex. a. True b. False

Q: The existential vacuum represents a place of reflection and solace.

Q: All courts in the United States use a basic three-tiered structure. a. True b. False

Q: State courts have huge caseloads. a. True b. False

Q: A family systems perspective is grounded on the assumption(s) that a client's problematic behavior may: a. serve a function or purpose for the family. b. be a function of the family's inability to function productively. c. be a symptom of dysfunctional patterns handed down across generations. d. all of the above e. none of the above

Q: Which of the following is not true of Beck's cognitive therapy? a. It is an insight therapy. b. It is a short-term or time-limited structured approach. c. It is an active and focused form of therapy. d. It asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems. e. It is based on the assumption that the way people feel and behave is determined by the way they structure their experience.

Q: Very few efforts have been made to reform state courts in the twentieth century. a. True b. False

Q: The fragmented structure of state courts is the biggest barrier to effective justice. a. True b. False

Q: Existential therapy is rarely used for group treatment.

Q: Family atmosphere, family constellation, and mistaken goals are key concepts of: a. Adlerian family therapy. b. structural family therapy. c. experiential family therapy. d. none of the above

Q: Trial courts of limited jurisdiction have jurisdiction over all offenses, including felonies and appeals. a. True b. False

Q: Appellate courts do not try criminal cases. a. True b. False

Q: All of the following are cognitive methods of REBT except for: a. shame-attacking exercises. b. disputing irrational beliefs. c. changing one's language. d. completing homework assignments.

Q: Trial courts of general jurisdiction handle only misdemeanors and lawsuits for small amounts of money. a. True b. False

Q: The existential approach can be used in a brief therapy context.

Q: The geographic territory that defines a court's authority is called jurisdiction. a. True b. False

Q: Which lens of family therapy is most likely to be concerned with the question, "How does the family's level of economics, education, ethnicity, religion, race, regional background, gender, and age affect the family's processes?" a. internal family systems b. the teleological lens c. sequences d. the multicultural lens e. the developmental lens

Q: Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping-skills program? a. exposing clients to anxiety-provoking situations by means of role playing and imagery b. evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests c. teaching clients to become aware of the anxiety-provoking cognitions they experience in stressful situations d. having the clients examine their thoughts through reevaluating their self-statements f. noting the level of anxiety following reevaluation

Q: Existentially, humans both long for and wish to escape from their freedom.

Q: Most criminal cases are heard at the federal level. a. True b. False

Q: The United States has a dual court system. a. True b. False

Q: Which approach would be most interested in the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family? a. Bowenian family therapy b. human validation process model c. structural family therapy d. social constructionism

Q: Describe the pretrial process in criminal cases.

Q: All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that: a. it was developed by Meichenbaum. b. it is a form of cognitive restructuring. c. it focuses directly on changing a client's behavior in social situations. d. it is also known as cognitive behavior modification.

Q: Describe the structure of the American court system.

Q: Explain why American jails are referred to as the "ultimate ghetto." How could this stereotype be changed?

Q: Existential therapy is especially appropriate for clients who are struggling with developmental crises.

Q: Which of the following individuals is not associated with family therapy? a. Alfred Adler b. Cloe Madanes c. Albert Ellis d. Salvador Minuchin e. Carl Whitaker

Q: How does the modern-day entertainment industry affect the way our society views the pretrial process? Does the entertainment industry increase or decrease society's awareness of how our justice system works?

Q: Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?" a. role playing b. desensitization c. cognitive homework d. shame-attacking exercises e. changing one's language

Q: What is the basis of the adversarial system in the United States, and why is it so vital to the success of our modern-day criminal justice system? How does plea bargaining impact the adversarial system?

Q: Discuss the impacts of budget cuts on the courts.

Q: In the existential framework, inaction is a choice.