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Q:
Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired. This was Wesley's second conviction. He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his experience so far. He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say they are not guilty. Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is someone he supported and actually voted for. Wesley knows that the next 10 months cannot go fast enough. Wesley is most likely serving his time in a(n)
a. jail.
b. state prison.
c. federal prison.
d. immigration prison.
Q:
Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children. Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day. The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Javier's conviction was on a non-violent offense, which means he likely would not serve his sentence in a
a. Level 2 prison.
b. Level 3 prison.
c. Level 4 prison.
d. Level 5 or "supermax" prison.
Q:
Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children. Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day. The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Once Javier completes his 10-year sentence, the next step is
a. halfway house placement.
b. parole.
c. reformatory placement.
d. deportation.
Q:
Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children. Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day. The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Javier does not like the fact that the warden likes to keep the inmates separate in order to intensify their punishment, which is an example of
a. separate confinement.
b. the contract labor system.
c. the congregate system.
d. the jail system.
Q:
Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children. Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day. The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Javier was convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He is most likely serving his time in which type of correctional facility?
a. State prison
b. Federal prison
c. Private prison
d. Jail
Q:
Javier was recently tried and convicted of trafficking cocaine across state lines. He was sentenced to a mandatory 10-year prison sentence. Javier is a citizen of Mexico; however, he has been living in the United States for the last several years with his wife and two young children. Javier is serving his sentence in a single cell with little to no contact throughout the day. The warden seems to believe in old-style punishment.
Because Javier is not a legal citizen of the United States, he would be considered a(n)
a. deported noncitizen.
b. documented worker.
c. undocumented worker.
d. citizen in wait.
Q:
With an estimated 13million admissions and releases per year, more people directly experience _____ than experience prisons, mental hospitals, and halfway houses combined.
a. boot camps
b. parole
c. probation
d. jails
Q:
The Bureau of Prisons enters into contractual agreements with cities to provide which of the following services?
a. Halfway houses
b. Prerelease programs
c. Electronic monitoring
d. All of the above
Q:
_____ and high levels of violence are the hallmarks of many jails.
a. Murder
b. Suicide
c. Theft
d. Gangs
Q:
The __________ is responsible for the punishment of federal offenders.
a. Federal Bureau of Incarceration
b. Federal Bureau of Prisons
c. Federal Bureau of Preventative Crime
d. Federal Bureau of Crime Displacement
Q:
Which of the following is not a principle of the separate confinement system?
a. Prisoners would not be treated vengefully but should be convinced that
through hard and selective forms of suffering they could change their lives.
b. Solitary confinement would prevent further corruption inside prison.
c. Solitary confinement is expensive.
d. In isolation, offenders would reflect on their transgressions and repent.
Q:
Under the ______ system, inmates were "loaned" to contractors who provided the prisoners with food and clothing in exchange for their labor.
a. lease
b. contract labor
c. exchange
d. "Good Samaritan"
Q:
A ____ is an institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and reform.
a. jail
b. penitentiary
c. reformatory
d. dormitory
Q:
Which of the following is true concerning crime rates and the prison population since 1991?
a. Crime rates and the prison population are both declining.
b. Crime rates and the prison population are both increasing.
c. Crime rates and the prison population are both stable.
d. Crime rates are decreasing and the prison population is increasing.
Q:
In 1982, President Ronald Reagan's declaration against drugs was referred to as the
a. "Attack on Drugs"
b. "War on Drugs"
c. "Battle against Drugs"
d. "Crusade against Drugs"
Q:
Which of the following are not subject to deportation if arrested?
a. Illegal immigrants
b. Sentenced illegal immigrants
c. Sentenced legal immigrants
d. The dependents of illegal immigrants
Q:
Which of the following factors is not among the plausible explanations presented by Cole and Smith for the growth in the prison population?
a. Tougher sentencing
b. Prison construction
c. The War on Drugs
d. The dramaticincrease in the crime rate over the past two decades
Q:
Which of the following is true concerning prison rates in Europe compared with rates in the United States?
a. Europe and the United States have similar incarceration rates.
b. Europe has a higher incarceration rate.
c. The United States has a higher incarceration rate.
d. Europe and the United States have identical incarceration rates.
Q:
The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause has been a source of protection against discrimination applied to prisoners based on all of the following except:
a. race.
b. gender.
c. religion.
d. sexual orientation.
Q:
Prisoners' right to due process requires that they
a. be allowed to conduct religious services.
b. be given food and medical care.
c. have access to television and recreation.
d. have hearings when charged with serious disciplinary infractions.
Q:
Prisoners in _____ typically spend up to 23 hours per day in their cells.
a. maximum security
b. supermaximum security
c. minimum security
d. boot camps
Q:
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that police do not need to show reasonable suspicion to search a parolee?
a. Monell v. Department of Social Services for the City of New York (1978)
b. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
c. Samson v. California (2006)
d. Cooper v. Pate (1964)
Q:
For which claimed freedom or right have prisoners been least successful in persuading federal courts to provide protection?
a. Freedom of speech
b. Freedom of religion
c. Right against unreasonable search and seizure
d. Right against cruel and unusual punishment
Q:
What type of policy did federal courts generally maintain with respect to rights of prisoners prior to the 1960s?
a. "Hands-on"active intervention for many rights
b. "Hands-off"rarely recognize any rights for prisoners
c. Intervention for freedom of speech only
d. Intervention to prevent unreasonable searches only
Q:
The primary function of jails is to
a. hold persons for less than 1 year.
b. hold persons for more than 1 year.
c. hold persons for more than 5 years.
d. avoid the stigma of prison.
Q:
Jails are administered locally by
a. private citizens who volunteer.
b. appointed civil servants.
c. elected officials.
d. off-duty police officers.
Q:
Which of the following is true about privately run prisons?
a. Private prisons are regarded as more costly.
b. Private prisons are regarded as unreliable.
c. The profit incentive can interfere with the quality of service.
d. Private prisons do not have to comply with the standards of federal agencies.
Q:
State correctional facilities are classified according to the
a. size of the prison population.
b. level of security.
c. race of the prisoners.
d. geographic characteristics of the area.
Q:
The central idea of the community corrections approach is the _____ restrictive alternative.
a. most
b. least
c. average
d. "supermax"
Q:
In all states, the administration of prisons is
a. part of the executive branch.
b. part of the legislative branch.
c. part of the judicial branch.
d. jointly run by executive and international branches.
Q:
The organization of corrections in the United States leaves the primary responsibility for administering prisons with the
a. states.
b. United Nations.
c. regional governing associations.
d. towns.
Q:
At the federal level, probation officers are appointed by which of the following?
a. President
b. Congress
c. Federal judiciary
d. Attorney General
Q:
Which of the following best describes the organization of corrections in the United States?
a. Centralized
b. Fragmented
c. Unified
d. Nationalized
Q:
Which of the following is true in comparing federal prisoners with state prisoners?
a. Federal prisoners are more often violent offenders.
b. Federal prisoners are convicted for the same types of crimes as state prisoners.
c. Federal prisoners are less likely to be foreigners.
d. Federal prisoners disproportionately comprise drug offenders.
Q:
Correctional programs are operated by which level of government?
a. Federal only
b. Federal and state only
c. State and county only
d. Federal, state, and county
Q:
Which model makes greater use of incarceration, longer sentences, mandatory sentences, and strict supervision of probationers and parolees?
a. Congregate model
b. Medical model
c. Rehabilitation model
d. Crime control model
Q:
A model that was based on the assumption that the goal of corrections should be to reintegrate the offender into the community is referred to as the ________ model.
a. congregate
b. medical
c. rehabilitation
d. community corrections
Q:
During the 19th century, which of the following was not a principle that guided female prison reform?
a. The separation of women prisoners from men
b. The provision of care in keeping with the needs of women
c. The management of women's prisons by female staff
d. Making female prisons decidedly "female institutions"
Q:
What system held prisoners in isolation at night and made them work with fellow prisoners in shops during the day?
a. Medical
b. Congregate
c. Separate confinement
d. Crime control
Q:
The penitentiary system that developed in ________kept inmates in isolation from other inmates.
a. Boston, Massachusetts,
b. Pennsylvania,
c. Elmira, New York,
d. Virginia,
Q:
Where in the United States were the first penitentiaries located?
a. New Jersey and Pennsylvania
b. New York and New Jersey
c. New York and Pennsylvania
d. Nevada and Pennsylvania
Q:
Which of the following signaled a new round of reform in prisons by focusing on the goal of punishment as the moral regeneration of criminals?
a. Cincinnati Declaration of Principles
b. Declaration of Independence
c. New York Declaration of Prisons
d. Pennsylvania Declaration of Penology
Q:
The period of history when philosophers and reformers challenged the prison tradition with new ideas about the individual, limits of government, and rationalism was called the
a. Enlightenment.
b. Renaissance.
c. Civil War.
d. Reconstruction.
Q:
The Declaration of Principles urged that prisons should operate according to a philosophy of inmate punishment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
After the 1960s, most courts maintained a "hands-off" policy with respect to corrections.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Cooper v. Pate (1964) signaled the end of the "hands-off" policy.
a. True
b. False
Q:
It is not permissible for prison officials to place a ban on mail correspondence between prisoners in different facilities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Courts have required decent treatment and minimum health standards for prisoners, making it unconstitutional for officials to show deliberate indifference.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In recent years the Supreme Court has been even more supportive of expanding prisoners' rights.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Police do not need to show reasonable suspicion to search a parolee.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Parolees have a limited right to an attorney than do probationers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
With the incarcerated population more than quadrupling during the past 30years, it is surprising that the number of parolees has decreased.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The War on Drugs has drastically reduced drug use.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One explanation for the increase in the incarceration rate in the 1990s was the increase in the number of arrests.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The states in the northeast part of the United States have shown the largest increase in prison populations.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Throughout most of the 20th century, the number of persons incarcerated either declined or remained stable.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jails are predominately filled with women.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jails are typically populated with poorly educated and low-income people.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jails are operated locally by elected officials.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jails house persons awaiting trial, or who have been sentenced to less than 1 year of incarceration.
a. True
b. False
Q:
There is no "real difference" between jails and prisons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Private prisons are less flexible than state prisons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Private prisons are believed to have lower operating costs than state prisons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Private prisons are a billion-dollar industry.
a. True
b. False
Q:
About halfof incarcerated persons are men.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Almost one-half of the incarcerated population is comprised of women.
a. True
b. False
Q:
All states run their prisons in an identical manner.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The federal government provides all of the funding for American prisons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Correctional goals and methods are never influenced by social and political values.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The rehabilitation model of corrections involved recommendations regarding behavior changes from social scientists.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Prior to the 19th century, female prisoners were treated no differently than male prisoners.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Under the New York System, prisoners produced goods for sale to cover operating costs.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A basic principle of the Pennsylvania System was an emphasis upon the social interaction among prisoners.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Quakers of Pennsylvania were instrumental in prison reform.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Prior to 1800, Americans copied Europeans by using physical punishment such as flogging.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Throughout the history of the United States, ideas about punishment have remained roughly the same.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Discuss the law of corrections and how it is applied to offenders and correctional personnel.
Q:
Cooper v. Pate (1964) ended the hands-off doctrine, allowing inmates to be able to sue. Was this a wise court decision? Why or why not? Can we limit the endless, frivolous lawsuits that this ruling encouraged?
Q:
What is the future of corrections? What can we do to prepare for this new horizon? Will we see new crimes? New prison construction?
Q:
How has the use of technology affected prisoners? How has it challenged guards?