Q&A Hero

Q: Chan Le is a probation officer who is employed by the state. Chan Le has an extremely large caseload and often gets overwhelmed by the requirements of his job. In the middle of the night, Chan Le is called to respond to one of his new clients who has been caught shoplifting a small amount of merchandise from a local department store. Two days prior, this client failed a drug test. Chan Le would not be able to take which of the following actions regarding his client who has recently violated probation? a. Lecture the client. b. Increase his contacts with the client. c. Revoke the client's probation. d. Extend the client's sentence.

Q: The recidivism rate for probationers is ____ the rate for those who have been incarcerated. a. muchhigher than b. lower than c. the same as d. slightly above

Q: With the passage of two laws in 1970the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) and the Continuing Criminal Enterprise Act (CCE)Congress resurrected _________, which is the government seizure of property. a. restitution b. forfeiture c. fines d. repayment

Q: Some offenders are allowed to go to a place of employment, education, or treatment during the day but must return to their homes by a specified hour when they have been sentenced to a. community service. b. intensive supervision probation. c. day recovery centers. d. home confinement.

Q: _____ is a means of dealing with offenders who need greater restrictions than traditional community-based programs can provide a. Intensive supervision probation b. Shock incarceration c. House arrest d. Probation

Q: Which is not one of the issues that critics state have been caused by intermediate sanctions? a. Wider nets b. Empty nets c. Stronger nets d. Different nets

Q: Whichstatement is true concerning community corrections? a. Community corrections receive considerable public support. b. Community corrections suffer from an image of being "soft on crime." c. Localities have a surplus of resources for community corrections. d. Community corrections are declining.

Q: Whichstatement is true about boot camps? a. They significantly reduce recidivism. b. They help to reduce prison overcrowding. c. Graduates are less likely to commit new crimes. d. There are more running every year.

Q: Another name for boot camp is a. shock incarceration. b. military indoctrination. c. part-time incarceration. d. inside/outside programming.

Q: A drug treatment program in which offenders must visit for daily drug testing would be classified as a. intensive supervision probation. b. a halfway house. c. home confinement. d. any of the above could incorporate this.

Q: Which is likely to be used as community service? a. Cleaning laundry while incarcerated b. Working part time at a fast food restaurant c. Wearing an electronic monitoring device d. Cleaning parks and roadsides

Q: When can home confinement be used in the criminal justice system? a. During the pretrial period b. After a short term in jail or prison c. As a condition of probation d. As a condition of parole

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court has decided that forfeitures a. may sometimes violate the excessive fines clause of the Eighth Amendment. b. always violate the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. c. can never result from a judicial order. d. can involve homes but not automobiles.

Q: Which intermediate sanction is not administered in the community? a. Intensive supervision parole b. Home confinement c. Day reporting centers d. All of these intermediate sanctions are administered in the community.

Q: Which intermediate sanction is not administered by courts? a. Boot camps b. Fines c. Restitution d. Forfeiture

Q: Repayment by an offender to a victim who has suffered some form of financial loss is called a. Reparations b. Making amends c. Forfeiture d. Restitution

Q: Whichstatement is true about the collection of fines? a. Courts consider them a priority. b. Europe imposes them more than the United States. c. Only the United States uses fines as punishment. d. They are always based upon the offender's income.

Q: Where is one most likely to find extensive use of day fines? a. United States b. Europe c. Asia d. Mexico

Q: Which branch of government administers the intermediate sanctions of fines, restitution, and forfeiture? a. Executive b. Legislature c. Judiciary d. Bureaucracy

Q: What is the most likely punishment for a misdemeanor traffic violation? a. Community service b. Restitution c. Fines d. Warning

Q: Which is true concerning intermediate sanctions? a. Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a low level of control over the offender. b. Judges use intermediate sanctions that only require a high level of control over the offender. c. Judges use intermediate sanctions that require no control over the offender. d. Judges use a range of intermediate sanctions requiring a low level to high level of control over the offenders.

Q: Because of the costs associated with probation, which statement concerning probation is true? a. All states use probation for serious offenders in the same way. b. States only use probation for misdemeanor offenders. c. States never use probation for serious offenders. d. Some states are increasingly considering the use of probation for more serious offenders.

Q: How much does the public support the use of community-based punishments rather than prison for nonviolent offenders? a. Most citizens strongly supportcommunity-based punishments. b. Few citizens support community-based punishments. c. Most citizens are opposed to community-based punishments. d. Most citizens report that they "don"t care" what happens to offenders either way.

Q: Like parole revocation, probation revocation a. must be decided in a full jury trial. b. cannot be considered unless a new crime has been committed. c. cannot be considered unless three conditions are violated. d. requires a two-stage hearing process.

Q: At a combined probation revocation and sentencing hearing, the probationer is a. not permitted to attend. b. being tried on new criminal charges. c. subject to a "three-strikes" sentence. d. entitled to be represented by counsel.

Q: Which statement is a challenge faced by probation officers? a. Caseloads are increasingly more violent. b. They must prioritize certain individuals over others. c. Risk classification methods are rarely used. d. Most probationers are on electronic monitoring.

Q: The number of probationers currently under supervision has reached a record a. low and is decreasing. b. high and is increasing. c. low, but is slowly starting to increase. d. high, but is starting to decrease.

Q: Technical violations that would cause an offender's probation to be revoked include which of the following? a. Violating curfew b. Failing a drug test c. Using alcohol d. All of the above

Q: Which statement is true about probation? a. It is only used in combination with fines b. It is only used in combination with restitution c. It is only used in combination with community service d. It is used in combination with fines, restitution, and community service

Q: Probation is defined as a. home confinement. b. electronic monitoring. c. a short jail sentence. d. supervised release under specified conditions.

Q: The world's first probation officer was a. James Ferguson, an Irish police officer. b. Sir Robert Peel, head of the London police. c. O.W. Wilson, an American police chief. d. John Augustus, a Boston bootmaker.

Q: The historical roots of probation can be traced to the procedures a. of community supervision in France. b. for reprieves and pardons in early English courts. c. for forgiveness in Spanish courts. d. of shock probation in Russian courts.

Q: Which statement is falseregarding home confinement? a. Home confinement is problematic because crimes can be committed from home. b. Electronic monitoring in home confinement is more expensive than imprisonment. c. Home confinement raises the issue of the right to privacy because governmental corrections supervision has invaded a private home. d. Electronic monitoring in home confinement may involve technical problems with the effectiveness of the equipment.

Q: The goal of community corrections is based on a. punishing the offender as severely as possible. b. teaching the offender to resist temptation by increasing the offender's contact with the criminal world. c. punishing the offender with the least restrictive alternative. d. the idea that punishment is wrong.

Q: Community corrections assumes that a. only the offender needs to change. b. only the community needs to change. c. both the offender and the community need to adapt. d. law enforcement needs to adapt to the needs of offenders.

Q: Which of the following is true regarding community corrections? a. Offenders assigned to community corrections have committed offenses that are not serious. b. Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration. c. The rates of recidivism for those under community supervision are higher than the rates for those who go to prison. d. Community supervision is more destructive to the offender than going to prison.

Q: The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested for a similar offense is called a. return offender. b. recriminalization. c. recidivism. d. redundancy.

Q: Intermediate sanctions are administered by the courts only. a. True b. False

Q: Some researchers argue that too many policies focus solely on the short term to the disadvantage of long-term considerations. a. True b. False

Q: Intermediate sanctions have been advocated as less costly than incarceration. a. True b. False

Q: From 1995 to 2012 the number of Americans under community supervision grew from 3.7 million to 4.8 million. a. True b. False

Q: Intermediate sanctions can be viewed as a continuum "-a range of punishments. a. True b. False

Q: The first statewide system of probation was in Delaware in 1880. a. True b. False

Q: Community supervision is more expensive than incarceration. a. True b. False

Q: ISP programs have been called "old-style" probation because each officer has only 20 clients and requires frequent face-to-face contact. a. True b. False

Q: Boot camps put offenders through a 3- to 9-month physical regimen designed to develop discipline and respect for authority. a. True b. False

Q: Most day reporting centers incorporate multiple correctional methods. a. True b. False

Q: Over the last 20 years, the challenges in community supervision have become fewer. a. True b. False

Q: Public support is lacking for community corrections. a. True b. False

Q: In order to be successful, community corrections programs must be given adequate resources. a. True b. False

Q: Boot camp programs often provide aftercare to help offenders transition back into the community. a. True b. False

Q: When given the choice, many offenders choose prison over intensive supervision probation. a. True b. False

Q: Offenders serving community service receive small amounts of pay for their work. a. True b. False

Q: Passive electronic monitoring systems send constant streams of information to the receiver. a. True b. False

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that home confinement violates the right to privacy. a. True b. False

Q: Assets gained from forfeiture are often used to increase law enforcement agencies' budgets. a. True b. False

Q: Forfeiture is determined by police officers rather than by judges. a. True b. False

Q: Restitution orders are determined by prison wardens rather than by judges. a. True b. False

Q: All crime victims can expect to receive full restitution from the offenders who harmed them. a. True b. False

Q: Fines are usually adjusted to account for wealth. a. True b. False

Q: Fines must be used in conjunction with some other form of punishment because merely paying a fine is not considered a punishment under the U.S. Constitution. a. True b. False

Q: Intermediate sanctions are not used as often as they could be in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: Over half of the probationers have no direct contact with their probation officer. a. True b. False

Q: The revocation of probation cannot result in incarceration. a. True b. False

Q: Individuals on probation have no constitutional rights. a. True b. False

Q: One problem for probation officers is their heavy caseload. a. True b. False

Q: Probation works best when the judge and the supervising officer have close contact. a. True b. False

Q: States can use probation for more serious offenses such as robbery or assault. a. True b. False

Q: Persons on probation can refuse drug tests because they interfere with the Fourth Amendment right to privacy. a. True b. False

Q: Community corrections recognize that factors within the community that encourage criminal behavior cannotr be changed. a. True b. False

Q: ______ is the formal government removal of an alien from the United States.

Q: Which of the following is not a feature of the community model of corrections? a. Reintegration as a goal. b. Get-tough polices c. A challenge to conventional governmental powers. d. Outgrowth of the civil rights movement.

Q: Which would be a reason for the growth in the prison population? a. The increased number of private prisons b. The increased number of criminal justice programs c. The three-fold increase in the parole population d. Fewer offenders being sentenced to the community

Q: In which case did the Supreme Court rule that parolees have a right to an attorney and a two-step revocation hearing process? a. Monell v. Department of Social Services for the City of New York (1978) b. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972) c. Samson v. California (2006) d. Cooper v. Pate (1964)

Q: Jodi is serving a 5-year sentence for assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill. She is incarcerated in the only institution for females in the state. Jodi feels as though her constitutional rights have been trampled on several times, especially when they search her cell. Jodi feels that the correctional officers do not treat the inmates properly, and she has had enough. She plans to attempt to file a lawsuit. Jodi feels that her Fourth Amendment rights have been violated due to the searches of her cell. According to ____, Jodi does not have a case. a. Hudson v. Palmer (1984) b. Cooper v. Pate (1964) c. Fulwood v. Clemmer (1962) d. Gittlemacker v. Prasse (1970)

Q: Jodi is serving a 5-year sentence for assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill. She is incarcerated in the only institution for females in the state. Jodi feels as though her constitutional rights have been trampled on several times, especially when they search her cell. Jodi feels that the correctional officers do not treat the inmates properly, and she has had enough. She plans to attempt to file a lawsuit. As an inmate, Jodi would not have always had the right to sue for constitutional rights violations. Which court case gave Jodi this right? a. Procunier v. Martinez (1974) b. Cooper v. Pate (1964) c. Theriault v. Carlson (1977) d. Cruz v. Beto (1972)

Q: Jodi is serving a 5-year sentence for assault with a deadly weapon with intent to kill. She is incarcerated in the only institution for females in the state. Jodi feels as though her constitutional rights have been trampled on several times, especially when they search her cell. Jodi feels that the correctional officers do not treat the inmates properly, and she has had enough. She plans to attempt to file a lawsuit. Jodi is most likely serving her sentence in which of the following facilities? a. State prison b. Federal prison c. Jail d. Immigration court

Q: Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired. This was Wesley's second conviction. He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his experience so far. He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say they are not guilty. Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is someone he supported and actually voted for. Wesley knows that the next 10 months cannot go fast enough. Which of the following statements regarding Wesley is correct? a. Wesley would not meet any inmates in jail who were arrested for violent crimes like murder. b. Wesley could meet inmates while in jail who were arrested for violent crimes like murder. c. Wesley has more rights in county jail than those serving time in state prisons. d. Wesley is serving with others who have been convicted and sentenced.

Q: Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired. This was Wesley's second conviction. He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his experience so far. He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say they are not guilty. Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is someone he supported and actually voted for. Wesley knows that the next 10 months cannot go fast enough. Which of the following groups of individuals will not be serving time in the same facility as Wesley? a. Those charged with misdemeanors b. Mentally ill c. Substance abusers d. Felons

Q: Wesley is serving a 10-month sentence for driving while impaired. This was Wesley's second conviction. He has never served time before and is overwhelmed with his experience so far. He is serving his time with all walks of life and most inmates say they are not guilty. Wesley cannot believe he is serving time and the manager is someone he supported and actually voted for. Wesley knows that the next 10 months cannot go fast enough. Wesley is upset that he is managed by someone he voted for. He is referring to the a. warden. b. sheriff. c. chief. d. secretary.