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Q:
In Roper v. Simmons, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that juveniles were less culpable than adults due to developmental and maturity differences.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The juvenile justice system in the United States did not develop until the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The idea that children should be treated differently than adults originated in the common law and courts of England.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Youth gangs are less of problem today in American cities than they were in the past.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The epidemic of youth violence in the United States occurred simultaneously with an increase in drug arrests.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Females constitute almost one-half of all juvenile arrests.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Only a small percentage of juvenile arrests are for homicide.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Analyze what determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system.
Q:
Why is diversion such an important part of the juvenile justice system? Why would members of society have concerns with its use?
Q:
Devise a strategy to combat juvenile bullying in regard to cybercrime, including sexting, and how you would implement such a program.
Q:
Define and explain the Save the Child Movement. Which specific court cases have increased support for working with the "child"?
Q:
What new crimes does new technology pose for the juvenile justice system?
Q:
Based on case law, to what extent should school officials be permitted to conduct strip searches on students?
Q:
Based on recent case law, is it appropriate that juveniles cannot receive life sentences without the chance of parole for non-homicide cases?
Q:
If the goal of the juvenile court is to protect juveniles and "act as parent," how might you explain the movement toward punitiveness since the 1980s?
Q:
Discuss why the terms used to refer to juvenile offenders were changed and if this change impacted juveniles (from arrest to referral, from sentence to disposition, etc.).
Q:
Discuss the role of the police in handling juvenile cases and how juveniles are handled differently than adults.
Q:
Discuss why criminologists have had difficulty explaining the rise in youth crime that peaked in 1993.
Q:
During the __________, the police decide whether to refer the child to court.
Q:
____ is the juvenile equivalent of adult parole.
Q:
A _____ is a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper care.
Q:
Discuss about the origins of parole and the way it operates today.
Q:
Explain a scenario for which pardoning would be justified. What is the difference between a pardon and an expungement?
Q:
Through the use of at least three examples, discuss the issue of civil disabilities.
Q:
What should the role of parole officers be and why? How might the personality of the client change this relationship?
Q:
How can a state successfully prepare for inmate integration into the community?
Q:
Discuss two issues regarding how budget cuts increase the use of parole in some jurisdictions.
Q:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of GPS tracking of parolees?
Q:
This chapter began by discussing the changes in parole since the 1970s. It is very difficult for offenders to be released when they are judged "ready" for release when job training and education programs have been severely curtailed. In your opinion, what might explain this trend and what are the greater social effects of these policies?
Q:
Given that there are permanent restrictions on ex-offenders (inability to vote, collect government support, etc.), can we ever really say that offenders have "paid their debt" to society? If these offenders feel they will be punished forever, what incentive do they have to remain crime-free?
Q:
The textbook noted that increasingly large percentages of inmates have committed drug crimes. Why do you think this has occurred, and what affect might it have on reentry issues?
Q:
How has public opinion impacted the release of offenders back into the community? Have these changes helped offenders to reduce recidivism?
Q:
A _______ is an action of the executive branch of state or federal government excluding the offense and absolving the offender from the consequences of the crime.
Q:
_____ is a process defined by individual states' laws through which offenders can have their criminal records erased from public records.
Q:
In _______, the Supreme Court established that a parole's due process rights require a prompt, informal two-part inquiry before an impartial hearing officer prior to parole revocation.
Q:
There is no ________ involved in the release date with mandatory releases.
Q:
____ were the forerunner of the modern day parole system
Q:
______ release occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of post-custody supervision in the community.
Q:
States retaining indeterminate sentences allow _____ release by the parole board within the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law.
Q:
Successful prisoner reentry requires that parole and reentry support services focus on linking offenders with community institutions, such as churches, families, self-help groups, and _________.
Q:
The power of a _______ to decide if a prisoner was "ready" to be released was abolished in mandatory release states.
Q:
_______ has been described as a "transient state between liberty and recommitment."
Q:
The _____ is a transitional facility for soon-to-be- released inmates that connects them to community services, resources, and support.
Q:
When offenders are absolved from the consequences of their crimes by executive order, they have received ______.
Q:
Legal restrictions on ex-offenders (such as the inability to vote) are referred to as ________.
Q:
________ courts may help offenders reintegrate into the community.
Q:
If a parolee violates the conditions of his or her parole, parole may be _______.
Q:
The continuing difficulties faced by former inmates are sometimes referred to as _______ punishments.
Q:
A parolee's principal contact with the criminal justice system is through the _______.
Q:
The temporary release of an inmate for a visit home is called a(n) _______.
Q:
The daytime release of inmates to go to work or school is called ______.
Q:
Restrictions on parolees' conduct that are legally binding conditions are called ______.
Q:
Prisoners who are released from prison after serving the maximum sentence and cannot be returned will receive a(n) _____ release.
Q:
_______ release is when an inmate has served time equal to the total sentence minus any "good time."
Q:
Tickets of leave were developed by the reformer Captain Alexander ______.
Q:
Based on information contained in your text's companion website, in Japan, decisions to release offenders from prison and place them under supervision in the community are made by _______ parole boards.
Q:
The release of an inmate from prison to conditional supervision is referred to as ______.
Q:
When an offender is released from prison, he or she is still the government's responsibility, and this concept of parole is called ______.
Q:
Which of the following is an example of an institutional reentry preparation program?
a. State prison release commissioner homes
b. Parole boards
c. Halfway houses
d. Reentry institutions
Q:
A temporary release from prison to renew family ties and relieve tensions of confinement is called a
a. supermax
b. halfway house
c. ticket of leave
d. furlough
Q:
___ can, through early release, shorten the sentence given by a judge.
a. Prison wardens
b. State legislators
c. Parole boards
d. Probation boards
Q:
Which of the following would not be a step in the evolution of parole?
a. Strict imprisonment
b. Freedom within a limited area
c. Ticket of leave resulting in conditional pardon
d. Full restoration of civil liberties.
Q:
Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years. When she first started working with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker. She worked many hours in facilitating relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of society. In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more authoritarian. She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom. As a parole officer, Miranda engages in all of the following tasks except:
a. providinghelp in finding a job and restoring family ties for clients.
b. channeling clients to social agencies where they can obtain help.
c. finding clients their old acquaintances.
d. developing a relationship with clients.
Q:
Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years. When she first started working with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker. She worked many hours in facilitating relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of society. In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more authoritarian. She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom. When Miranda is restricting freedoms or trying to revoke parole, she is working as a
a. social worker.
b. cop.
c. teacher.
d. preacher.
Q:
Miranda has been a parole officer for over 12 years. When she first started working with inmates, she saw herself as a caretaker. She worked many hours in facilitating relationships with her clients in order for them to become functioning members of society. In the last couple of years, Miranda has noticed herself becoming more authoritarian. She still wants to help her clients, but seems to spend more of her time restricting their freedom. When Miranda is assisting her clients with jobs and forging a relationship with them, she is working in which capacity?
a. Social worker
b. Cop
c. Teacher
d. Preacher
Q:
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood. If Beth had served her sentence in full and not been paroled, then her release would have been considered a _________ release.
a. discretionary
b. mandatory
c. conditional
d. expiration
Q:
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood. The reason Beth cannot find a halfway house close to her home is because of the ________ attitude.
a. NIMBY
b. NIMFY
c. MINFB
d. BIMVY
Q:
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood. Beth will serve some time in a transitional facility before she is released, most likely in a
a. jail.
b. halfway house.
c. reformatory.
d. furlough.
Q:
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood. Beth must locate gainful employment and submit to a weekly drug test, which would be considered her conditions of
a. parole.
b. fact.
c. probation.
d. release.
Q:
The parole board has recently paroled Beth after eight years of incarceration. She is to obtain gainful employment, submit to weekly drug test, and notify the parole officer if she is going out of state. Beth will spend a month in a transitional facility before she is completely on her own. It has been difficult locating a facility close to her home because most communities do not want parolees in their neighborhood. Beth was placed on parole by a parole board. Beth's release would be considered a _________ release.
a. discretionary
b. mandatory
c. conditional
d. expiration
Q:
Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful of his sentence for drug crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible, at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record. Grant's reentry into society was made easier by his participation in a
a. state prison release commissioner home
b. parole board release program
c. juvenile detention facility
d. reentry preparation program
Q:
Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful of his sentence for drug crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible, at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record. Grant's ______ have not been restored yet, as evidenced by the fact that he is not allowed to vote in the upcoming election.
a. criminal disabilities
b. civil disabilities
c. due process rights
d. voting rights
Q:
Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful of his sentence for drug crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible, at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record. Grant's release mechanism would be considered _______ release.
a. expiration
b. mandatory
c. probationary
d. discretionary
Q:
Grant has recently been released from a state prison after the successful of his sentence for drug crimes. He has made a promise to himself that he will not go back to prison and will try to do everything he can to reintegrate back into the community. Grant would really like to vote in the upcoming election; however, he has been informed that it will not be possible, at least for this election. Grant also has had a difficult time finding employment. It seems that most employers just do not want to take a chance on someone with a record. Grant promised himself that he will not go back to prison. Unfortunately, 40% of inmates released go back to prison within ______ years.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
Q:
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in _____ that if a parole officer alleges that a technical violation occurred, a two-step revocation proceeding is required.
a. Brown v. Plata (2011)
b. Morrissey v. Brewer (1972)
c. The Second Chance Act of 2007
d. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Q:
_______ may be the most notable civil disability of ex-prisoners.
a. Inability to work
b. Removal of medical care
c. Income tax revocation
d. Inability to vote
Q:
One way that offenders avoid the consequences of civil disabilities is through _______, a process through which an individual's criminal records are erased from public records.
a. pardon
b. clemency
c. forgiveness
d. expungement
Q:
A(n) _______ later became known as the "royal prerogative of mercy" in England.
a. pardon
b. expungement
c. clemency
d. forgiveness
Q:
State _________ are typically composed of citizens who are appointed for fixed terms in office by the governor.
a. reentry boards
b. community boards
c. parole boards
d. probation boards
Q:
A system of conditional release from prison, devised by Captain Alexander Maconochie and first developed in Ireland by Sir Walter Crofton, was known as
a. probation.
b. home confinement.
c. ticket of leave.
d. reformatory.